Abstract: A planter includes an interior surface and a riser extending from a bottom of the interior surface and including a space between the riser and lateral walls of the planter. The riser includes an open-top recess formed in a top portion of the riser. A plate including a protrusion extending from a bottom side of the plate and forming an open-top reservoir on a top side of the protrusion. The protrusion is configured to be coupled with the recess to secure the plate to the riser.

Abstract: The present application relates to agriculture productions system that allows for the controlled release of beneficial agents into a plant root mass, and more particularly it is beneficial for agriculture production where control of infusion of micro-nutrient, infusion macronutrient, root temperature control agents, nutrients and/or elements are applied to the root zone of a plant.

Abstract: A self-wicking plant growth receptacle is provided. The device includes a housing having a base opposite and upper side and a plurality of sidewalls extending therebetween. An upper opening is disposed through the upper side providing access to an interior volume dimensioned to removably receive a grow bag therein. A wick port is disposed through the base in fluid communication with the interior volume. A reservoir housing is securable to the base to define an assembled configuration. The reservoir housing includes a lower side and a perimeter sidewall defining a reservoir volume. A lip is disposed about a perimeter of the upper side, wherein the lip includes a plurality of apertures therethrough. A channel extends through the housing between an inlet on the upper side and an outlet on the base, wherein the channel is in fluid communication with the reservoir volume. A filter is removably secured within the channel.

Abstract: A planter and planter stack are described. The planter includes a planter pot configured to be nestable with other such planter pots. The planter pot includes a base, a planter sidewall integrally formed on the base and extending upwards towards a rim, and a hollow support pillar formed on the base and extending substantially vertically upwards with a drain opening at the top of the hollow support pillar in communication with an exterior side of the base. The planter further includes a removable riser configured to be nestable with other such removable risers. The removable riser includes a plate supported by an interior of the planter sidewall by an interference fit, and an aperture configured to accept a corresponding hollow support pillar.

Abstract: A watering system including a receptacle including a fluid flow generator and a fluid flow generator controller which releasably couples to a fluid reservoir containing a fluid which can be transferred by operation of the fluid flow generator from the fluid reservoir to a plurality of fluid flow meters which can be disposed in spaced apart relation to correspondingly deliver the fluid to a plurality of spaced apart locations. In particular embodiments, a plurality of potted plants can be disposed in spaced apart relation and one more of the plurality of fluid flow meters can be correspondingly located to deliver the fluid to each of the plurality of potted plants.

Abstract: A self-watering planter features wicking devices whose outer tubes feature a skeletal upper structure having a plurality of columns periodically interconnected by rings spanning circumferentially around the wicking material to delimit windows of large area for optimum water seepage to the soil. A flange at the bottom of the tube's skeletal upper portion cooperates with snap features at the top of a lower portion that hangs in the water reservoir to provide snap-fit installation of the wicking devices on a divider wall of a permanently enclosed planter. A soil drainage filtration device features filtration fabric held in a sandwiched state around a drainage opening in the divider wall by one or more mounting plates. In one embodiment, the fabric forms a sack that hangs into the reservoir to suspend a volume of soil therein, whereby the suspended soil serves as wicking agent in the absence of excess rainwater needing drainage.

Abstract: A permeable floating concrete vessel for creating floating aquatic habitats is disclosed. The vessel includes an interior space to hold growth material and a plant. The vessels includes one or more channels so a root of the plant can extend through the channel and into a body of water in which the vessel is secured. The vessel is made from a buoyant material, such as water-permeable concrete material. In an exemplary embodiment the water-permeable concrete material includes a mixture of cement, glass microspheres, expanded glass aggregate, and microfibers. Two or more vessels may be connected together via a connecting member to form an array of the vessels.

Abstract: A self-watering system includes a base comprising a reservoir configured to store a defined volume of water and a plurality of wick modules coupled to the base, the plurality of wick modules arranged in an organized pattern and configured to disperse the water from the reservoir. The self-watering system further includes a removable fill tube coupled to the base and configured to receive the water to fill the reservoir, and a removable drain tube coupled to the base and configured to remove the water from the reservoir.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an air-frying cooker (1) comprising: a cooking chamber (20); a food receiving container (5) in the cooking chamber (20) having a permeable bottom wall (9); a heater (19) for heating air in the cooking chamber (20); a fan (18) for circulating a flow of hot air in the cooking chamber (20) to cook the food; and a system (13) to maintain a predetermined level (LI) of water in the cooking chamber (20) during cooking. The predetermined level (LI) is disposed between a base (11) of the cooking chamber (20) and the bottom wall (9) of the food container (5).

Abstract: The present application relates to agriculture productions system that allows tor the controlled release of beneficial agents into a plant root mass, and more particularly it is beneficial for agriculture production where control of infusion of micro-nutrient, infusion macronutrient, root temperature control agents, nutrients and/or elements are applied to the root zone of a plant.

Abstract: Plants are grown in adjacent rows of trays that are rotated within a pool of a nutrient solution. The roots of the plants are at least partly immersed in the nutrient solution. Each row includes a gap wide enough to receive a single tray from an adjacent row. Using three rows, the plants are planted only in one of the rows, and later the rotation is used to space the planted trays one tray apart. Each tray is a parallelepipedal block with apertures for supporting respective plants. The long sides of the blocks have protrusions for preventing adhesion of the blocks. Airlift pumping circulates the nutrient solution past the roots and maintains at least 80% dissolved oxygen saturation in the nutrient solution. A screen of parallel inflatable tubes provides adjustable shade above the pool.

Abstract: A separator device for separating parasites from a population of insects, and a method of separation using such a device, the device comprising a container, a basket configured to be held in the container and provided with a plurality of openings at least through its bottom wall and its side wall, and a lid that is configured to close the container in sealed manner.

Abstract: The plant cultivation device which workability of cutting of the leaves of the plant at the base portion thereof from the root portion of the plants. The plant cultivation device includes a culture medium holding portion in a cylindrical shape, accommodating and holding a seedling culture medium, arranged in the through-holes of the fluid passage member and absorbing the culture fluid into the seedling culture medium and a leaf supporting portion formed in a cylindrical shape, arranged at an upper side of the culture medium holding portion and supporting the leaves from around the leaves which are cultivated from the seeds. The culture medium holding portion and the leaf supporting portion are formed such that a cutting tool, used for separation between the seedling culture medium and the leaves, can be insertable from outside into a bordering portion between the culture medium holding portion and the leaf supporting portion.

Abstract: The self watering bottle planter insert allows a regular bottle to be transformed into a hydroponic planter. The self watering bottle planter insert is insertable into a bottle and removes the need for a separate source of nutrients. The planter uses composite media with an enriched substrate layered beneath a more standard hydroponic growth media to add nutrients to the water for the life cycle of the plant.

Abstract: An aeration container system for plants having aerial roots, comprising an aeration container comprising a plurality of elongate curved vanes, each vane comprising a top portion, lower portion, a first planar side and a second planar side opposing the first planar side, the planar sides connecting a front edge, outer edge and the top and bottom portions. A reservoir is also provided wherein each vane is equidistantly spaced and attached perpendicular to an outside surface of the reservoir and focus light and ambient airflow from outside the aeration container to inside the aeration container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flower pot (1) comprising an inner element (2) with a cover (4) in which multiple fluid openings (8) are formed, an outer element (3) which surrounds the inner element (2) and which has a base (9), a lateral wall (10) protruding from the base (9) and a liquid storage chamber (11), the height of the lateral wall (10) of the outer element (3) being lower than the cover (4) of the inner element (2) and, at least one filling and viewing opening (12) between the inner element (2) and the outer element (3) for filling the liquid storage chamber (11) with liquid and for visually checking a level of the liquid in the liquid storage chamber (11) of the outer element (3).

Abstract: A flowing water channel device comprises a tubular conduit made of fluid impervious material, and a plurality of orifices extending along a longitudinal axis of said tubular conduit. Within each of the plurality of orifices, an interior plurality of strands pass from the orifice to an interior of the tubular conduit, an exterior plurality of strands pass from the orifice to an exterior of the tubular conduit, and an intermediate plurality of strands are interlaced with the interior and exterior plurality of strands and configured at least partially within the orifice. Each of the interior plurality of strands, exterior plurality of strands, and intermediate plurality of strands is made of a fluid permeable material.

Abstract: A sustained release irrigation apparatus for effective water management. The sustained release irrigation apparatus includes a reservoir, a support structure, an absorbent surface, a water permeable top layer and a top opening on the water permeable top layer for filling water in the reservoir. The support structure is positioned on the reservoir and designed to support a potted plant thereon. The absorbent surface is positioned on the support structure and includes an absorbent opening. The top opening positioned on the water permeable top layer receives water from a water source and fills water into the reservoir. The water collected in the reservoir flows upwards to the water permeable top layer and then reaches the soil inside a pot thereby making water available to the roots of the potted plant without any wastage.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a plant cultivation container, wherein the plants do not need to be transplanted during cultivation or growth. The container is provided with pull-out trays and this allows continuous adaptation of the container volume to the growth and development of the root system. The container of the invention provides for continuous oxygen and air supply to the root system and for development of fibrous roots contrary to root spiralisation which is typical of conventional containers. The pull-out tray has several functions: partitioning of container volume to compartments, retaining of excess water while watering, and as a drip tray when the entire container volume is in use. The walls of the container are provided with slits at various heights which in conjunction with several pull-out trays partition the entire volume of the container along its height to several compartments.

Abstract: A modular container or irrigation module, as well as a modular irrigation system obtained by arranging at least two of said modules. The proposed modular irrigation system comprises at least two irrigation modules of the invention, and by stacking the modules vertically, the system can be used to form a continuous-flow irrigation system in which excess irrigation water is recirculated and evaporation losses can be minimized. Similarly, the module and the system of the invention can be used to form a sustainable construction system in which multiple irrigation systems are arranged to form various architectural elements, such as green walls, green columns, vertical gardens and the like.

Abstract: A plant pot with separable halves including a first container half having an upright first interior shell and an upright first exterior shell. A plurality of first aeration openings is disposed within the first interior shell. A second container half has an upright second interior shell, an upright second exterior shell, and a base unit having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a cavity disposed between the upper surface and the lower surface. A plurality of second aeration openings is disposed within the second interior shell. A plurality of dowell pins is disposed on each of a pair of second side portions of the second container half, and a plurality of slots is disposed on each of a pair of first side portions of the first container half. One of the plurality of dowell pins is selectively engageable within one of the plurality of slots.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a hydro planter comprising an inner container which can accommodate a substrate, an absorption medium and an outer container. The inner container has one or more grids that enable liquid to filter from the inner container to the outer container. The absorption medium has at least one conductive element that is located in the substrate within the inner container and the conductive element is also located in the outer container, and the absorption medium also has a flattened portion which extends with the inner container. Finally, the outer container has two or more legs which enable the outer container to be supported on a surface and which form a gap through which air or water can flow, and the hollow interior of each leg forms a tank for storing a liquid, inside of which the lower portion of the conductive element is received.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cultivation management apparatus for edible perennial herbaceous flowering plants and bulbs and tubers. The cultivation management apparatus allows plants to root and take root and to grow stably in a constant immersed state in order of 40%˜50% of water with low temperature treatment for dormancy by filling a movable water tank flowerpot with a moisture absorption member by in the order of 50% of the pot and by filling thereon a plant growth soil member consisting of a mixing oil up to the upper portion and arranging a partition for partitioning off the moisture absorption element from the plant growth soil member.

Abstract: A self-watering system includes a watering member, a pot support member, and a water container member. The watering member includes a support tube member and a water transfer member. The supporting member includes a head portion, a body portion, and a bottom portion. The head portion has a conical shape. The body portion has a hollow cylindrical shape, and includes a body groove formed in a longitudinal direction and at least one air hole formed in the body groove. The water transfer member serves to absorb water and transfer the water to soil and a root of a plant in a pot. The pot support member serves to support the pot, and includes a fixing hole. The water container member stores water to be absorbed by the water transfer member. The watering member is fixed to the pot support member such that the bottom portion is inserted into the fixing hole of the pot support member.

Abstract: An apparatus that fits in a container, that enables the container to function as a self-watering planter. The apparatus has a partitioning element that includes an extruded element having a hollow tubular section that terminates in a center opening and a wide flange. The extruded element separates the container into an upper portion (potting soil and plant), a lower portion (liquid reservoir), and a common portion (potting soil, water, and ultimately some plant roots). The flange is a solid plate with a lateral opening that enables liquid to be conveyed past the plate. Roots cannot grow through it. Below the solid plate is a container overflow outlet. A liquid inlet line extends from about above the rim down to the reservoir, so substantially no liquid is added directly to the upper portion.

Abstract: The stackable plant container module is adapted such that a plurality of plant container modules will nest together for storage and/or shipping while allowing the plant container modules to be stacked vertically into a multi-level plant tower. The stacked plant tower includes a water bowl, defining a reservoir for receiving water, carried by the upper most plant container module, and a water tray disposed between stacked plant container modules. The stacked plant tower is adapted such that the water bowl is in fluid communication with each water tray, such that the stacked plant tower incorporates structure for managing the flow of water through the stacked plant tower.

Abstract: An irrigation system comprises one or more waterlines coupled to one or more watering mechanisms for watering one or more areas. The watering mechanisms are fixed in place at the desired area by an adapter which removably couples the one or more watering systems in place. Water is supplied to each of the one or more watering mechanisms by traveling from the one or more waterlines and through one or more pressure compensators. The one or more pressure compensators regulate the water flow through the one or more watering mechanisms enabling the irrigation system to uniformly distribute water at a set and constant pressure value. The water is distributed by one or more valves which are used to control one or more zones of the irrigation system. In some embodiments, a controller controls the system based upon a signal received from one or more sensors of the system.

Abstract: A horticultural system having a horticultural grow gutter produced from a single sheet of material and including an upper bridge a length, a bottom surface, and two side edges. Two upwardly facing upper channel sections are each individually integral with one of the two side edges along the length of the upper bridge section. The upwardly facing channel sections have a channel bottom having a plurality of apertures configured to allow a liquid to pass through the apertures by gravity. Two side panels are each individually integral with one of the top edges and extend downward from the top edge. An inwardly bent and upwardly facing lower channel section is integral with each side panel and the upwardly facing lower channel section is sized and positioned to receive the liquid passing through the apertures disposed below the upper channel section.

Abstract: There are provided a device for fixing biomass-based solar heat and carbon dioxide gas with a similarity to containerized culture having high crop productivity, which is capable of fixing carbon dioxide gas highly efficiently, while being compact and easily managed, and a house equipped with the fixing device having an energy circulation system. The fixing device for biomass-based solar heat and carbon dioxide gas is configured to include an air intake unit which takes air into a box, a mesh-like air and water flow-through unit laid in the bottom of the box that is configured to be open to the atmosphere, a water reservoir tray on which the box is mounted, and cultivation soil which is held inside the box. Further, in the house relating to the present invention, the fixing device for biomass-based solar heat and carbon dioxide gas is arranged in an area that gets a lot of sunshine.

Abstract: Self-watering fruit tree container comprises a container holding a living plant that is positioned above a container holding a pool of water or nutrient solution where the water may be absorbed by the living plant through a permeable bottom and/or side of the plant container. Self-watering fruit tree container allows for an airspace layer between the plant container and the water container which prevents excessive absorption of water into the plant container, thereby preventing root rot. Self-watering fruit tree container achieves this partially by special funnel shaped root-pruning aeration apertures in the bottom of the plant container that allow very small roots and root hairs to pass and grow through the bottom of the plant container and into the water reservoir below, while pruning and stopping larger roots, and also allowing for aeration of soil in the plant container.

Abstract: A method for efficiently delivering an aqueous solution to plants includes positioning a distal portion of a microporous hydrophobic tubing coated with a hydrophilic polymer adjacent a root system of a plant and channeling an aqueous solution from an inlet to the distal portion through a lumen. The tubing along the distal portion has a porosity adapted for permitting a flow of the aqueous solution therethrough when acted upon by a surfactant root exudate generated by the roots due to water stress. The aqueous solution is held in a reservoir, from which it can be channeled to the hydrophilic device's inlet. A nutrient solution can also be channeled to the plant roots via additional tubing.

Abstract: A structural module (10) for use in water irrigation, water drainage, water retention and water filtering systems, comprises a load bearing base unit (10) and porous material (15), wherein the base unit has a top wall (11) and a bottom wall (12) spaced therefrom by one or more supporting elements (13, 20) so as to define a volume between the top and bottom walls. The base unit being provided with apertures (17, 18, 19) to permit the flow of liquid into and out of the volume. The porous material is a block (15) foamed polymeric material which occupies a substantial portion of the volume within the base unit and absorbs and retains water that passes through the apertures.

Abstract: Self-watering plant container includes a container used to hold a living plant and soil and a container to hold a pool of water or nutrient solution underneath the plant/soil container where the water may be absorbed by the living plant through a permeable bottom in the plant/soil container. Self-watering plant container includes an airspace layer located between the bottom of the plant/soil container and the top of the water or nutrient solution pool in order to prevent excessive moisture or water from being absorbed into the plant/soil container, thereby preventing root rot. Self-watering plant container achieves this partly by special funnel shaped root-pruning aeration apertures in the bottom of its plant/soil container that allow very small roots and root hairs to grow through the bottom of plant/soil container and into the water reservoir below, while forcing larger roots back into the plant/soil container, and also allowing for aeration of the plant/soil container.

Abstract: Self-watering fruit tree container comprises a container holding a living plant that is positioned above a container holding a pool of water or nutrient solution where the water may be absorbed by the living plant through a permeable bottom and/or side of the plant container. Self-watering fruit tree container allows for an airspace layer between the plant container and the water container which prevents excessive absorption of water into the plant container, thereby preventing root rot. Self-watering fruit tree container achieves this partially by special funnel shaped root-pruning aeration apertures in the bottom of the plant container that allow very small roots and root hairs to pass and grow through the bottom of the plant container and into the water reservoir below, while pruning and stopping larger roots, and also allowing for aeration of soil in the plant container.

Abstract: A plant container includes a container body having a conduit extending between an inlet connection and an outlet connection. A float valve assembly is in communication with the conduit within the container body for automatically controlling fluid entry into the container body from the conduit. A soil retention element is arranged in the container body above the float valve assembly. A method of using the self-watering plant container includes adding soil to an interior volume of the container body above the soil retention element, planting at least one seed in the soil, and connecting a water supply to an inlet connection of the conduit.

Abstract: A plant container includes a container body and an automate watering arrangement, wherein the automate watering arrangement includes a reserve unit and a plurality of watering units. Each of the watering units includes a guiding element and a watering element, wherein one end of the guiding element is communicated with the reserve unit, and another end of the guiding element is coupled with the watering element end-to-end. The watering element is downwardly extended from the guiding element and submerged into the soil of the planting cavity such that the water of the reserve unit is guided to flow to the soil of the planting cavity via the watering element so as to maintain a moisture level of the soil for the plant.

Abstract: An insertable watering device for a standard bucket comprising, a circular planar base member, central chamber, plurality of wicks, fill tube, and support legs. The insertable device provides support for soil and allows for the watering of plants contained in the soil by capillary action using a wick through the transfer of water below the base member and into the soil layer.

Abstract: A molded body for improving the cultivating conditions of plants includes at least one tapering projection. The molded body is disposed such that the projection extends into a plant substrate from the bottom. The projection is a highly porous material for providing an exchange of water by capillary forces and/or air, between the interior and the area surrounding the projection. The molded body comprises a depression provided opposite the projection and serving as a water reservoir that is spaced apart from the plant substrate.

Abstract: A plant cultivation container is provided which does not need a feed-water tube made of a porous material or the like but the plant cultivation bed material can be made permeated in a relatively short time period. For this purpose, a water reservoir portion for pooling plant cultivation water is provided, the water reservoir portion having a bed material accommodation part for placing a water-absorbing plant cultivation bed material. In the plant cultivation container, the water reservoir portion is provided with a surrounding feed-water channel that surrounds an entire circumference of the bed material accommodation part, and a feed-discharge channel for supplying the plant cultivation water from outside to the water reservoir portion and for discharging the plant cultivation water in the water reservoir portion to outside is provided in communication with the surrounding feed-water channel.

Abstract: A plant cultivation container includes a container body having: a plant cultivation space with an opening for planting a plant formed in a front face thereof; and a water reservoir portion for pooling plant cultivation water formed in a lower portion of the plant cultivation space, in which container a water-absorbing plant cultivation flooring material is mounted in the plant cultivation space so that a part of the plant cultivation flooring material is positioned inside the water reservoir portion.

Abstract: Self-watering plant container includes a container used to hold a living plant and soil and a container to hold a pool of water or nutrient solution underneath the plant/soil container where the water may be absorbed by the living plant through a permeable bottom in the plant/soil container. Self-watering plant container includes an airspace layer located between the bottom of the plant/soil container and the top of the water or nutrient solution pool in order to prevent excessive moisture or water from being absorbed into the plant/soil container, thereby preventing root rot. Self-watering plant container achieves this partly by special funnel shaped root-pruning aeration apertures in the bottom of its plant/soil container that allow very small roots and root hairs to grow through the bottom of plant/soil container and into the water reservoir below, while forcing larger roots back into the plant/soil container, and also allowing for aeration of the plant/soil container.

Abstract: A greening system is disclosed for enabling plants/vegetation to grow only with natural rainfall, enabling a garden to be constructed on building rooftops, minimizing the applicable loads on the building and risk of leakage. Planting container 1 comprises box 2 with stickers 3 to carry perforated partition panel 4. The lower half of the container is constituted as water storage 5, and drain holes 6 are opened on sides of the container. Soil layer 7 placed on partition panel 4 is formed of light woody soil-based on charcoal 9 and humus timber chips for absorbing moisture transported from the water 8 stored in water storage 5 by evaporation or difference in humidity, to increase water capacity and reduce amount of water evaporating into the air. Charcoal 9 absorbs water from the air inside the lower half of the container to water the plants.

Abstract: A water supply device for a planting container comprises a main body having a water storage space and a water supply space. A water supply hole is disposed between the water storage space and the water supply space. Water in the water storage space is transported to the water supply space through the water supply hole. A water absorbing material is disposed in the water supply space and utilizes siphon principle to pump the water in the water supply space. When the water level of the water supply space is higher than the water supply hole, a vacuum effect is generated. When the water level of the water supply space is lower than the water supply hole, the vacuum effect is released so that water in the water storage space is transported to the water supply space through the water supply hole.

Abstract: A method for efficiently delivering an aqueous solution to plants includes positioning a distal portion of a microporous hydrophobic tubing coated with a hydrophilic polymer adjacent a root system of a plant and channeling an aqueous solution from an inlet to the distal portion through a lumen. The tubing along the distal portion has a porosity adapted for permitting a flow of the aqueous solution therethrough when acted upon by a surfactant root exudate generated by the roots due to water stress. The aqueous solution is held in a reservoir, from which it can be channeled to the hydrophilic device's inlet. A nutrient solution can also be channeled to the plant roots via additional tubing.

Abstract: A system and method for efficiently delivering an aqueous solution to plants includes a hydrophilic solution-channeling device having a delivery portion positionable adjacent a root system of a plant. The solution-channeling device has a lumen therethrough for channeling a solution from an inlet to the delivery portion. At least a portion of the delivery portion has a porosity adapted for permitting a flow of the solution therethrough when acted upon by at least one of a surfactant root exudate and negative root pressure generated by the plant roots, for example, when experiencing water stress and/or a need for nutrients. The system also includes a pressure regulating device for providing at least a minimum pressure value to permit fluid to flow through the lumen and at most a maximum pressure value above which fluid flows through the lumen even in the absence of surfactant root exudate or negative root pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for efficiently delivering an aqueous solution to plants includes a microporous hydrophobic tubing coated with a hydrophilic polymer that has a delivery portion positionable adjacent a root system of a plant and a lumen for channeling an aqueous solution from an inlet to the delivery portion. The tubing along the delivery portion has a porosity adapted for permitting a flow of the aqueous solution therethrough when acted upon by a surfactant root exudate generated by the roots due to water stress. A pressure regulating device is upstream of the tubing's inlet, and a reservoir adapted for holding the aqueous solution therein is situated in fluid communication with an upstream end of the pressure regulating device. Additional tubing can be provided for channeling a nutrient solution to the plant roots.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for coating the surface of substrates such as a sheet, film, foam, fiber, etc., with a curable liquid resin or solution of curable resin, then in one embodiment, stably attaching a superabsorbent polymeric powder to such resin, and then curing the resin to form a coated superabsorbent product. Such substrates may include polymeric materials. Other process embodiments utilizing curable and thermoplastic resinous powders may be used instead of curable liquid resins and resulting products are included in the invention. The coated product may be utilized for water and nutrient retention in combination with irrigation, erosion control, to direct plant root growth, and to clean up standing water and petroleum spills.

Abstract: There are provided an organism-culture apparatus in which a pooled culture medium and a culturing tissue is not directly contacted, which comprises a culture medium, and a microporous body having the water-absorbing ability, a part of which is immersed in the culture medium, or an intervening body connected to the microporous body which can supply the culture medium to the microporous body by contact between a part of the intervening body and the culture medium, wherein the culture medium is transferred upwardly via communicating pores in the interior of the microporous body to supply the culture medium to an organism tissue or an organism cell placed on a surface of the microporous body, whereby, the organism tissue or the organism cell is cultured, as well as a method of culturing an organism using the same.

Abstract: Drainage systems for plant gardening in flowerpots, specifically a shaped porous rock or perhaps even an enclosed pouch having soil preservation capability and filling inside the enclosed pouch. Embodiments may include a pot hole locator which may place an enclosed pouch in a bottom of a pot prior to adding soil and planting a plant in a flowerpot. Other embodiments may include the addition of soil amendments, water retention elements, drying elements and the like. Filling may include plastic, various rocks, various stones, pebbles, synthetic materials and the like.

Abstract: A plant irrigation apparatus for providing a fluid to one or more plants includes a plurality of platforms that are disposed in an array. Each platform has a support surface that is disposed at a platform elevation. A fluid reservoir for containing the fluid is defined at least partially in between adjacent platforms of the plurality of platforms. At least one fluid-regulating structure is configured to maintain a maximum elevation for the fluid, wherein the maximum elevation for the fluid is lower than the platform elevation. A capillary mat is supported by the plurality of platforms. At least a portion of the capillary mat is disposed within the fluid reservoir below the maximum elevation of the fluid.