Abstract: The reduction of nitrogen oxides in gas is carried out, by means of selective reaction of the nitrogen oxide with the reducing agent in the in the solid catalyst. In order to achieve high catalytic activity, the above is carried out at high gas temperatures. As a rule, ceramic filter elements, coated with catalytic material are used. This does, however, give rise to the risk the catalytically active components are stripped from the filter during the hot gas filtration. A ceramic filter element with support material in the form of particles, with binder material and catalytic material is thus disclosed, whereby the binder material comprises catalytic material, or the binder material is partly replaced by the catalyst material and the support material particles (1) are connected to each other by means of the catalyst and/or binder material.

Abstract: The present application provides a scrubber for a gasification system. The scrubber may include a column, an inlet for a flow of dirty syngas, an inlet diffuser system positioned about the inlet, and an outlet for a flow of cleaned syngas.

Abstract: Techniques, systems, apparatus, and materials are disclosed for generating multi-purpose liquid fuel for isolating contaminants and storing energy. In one aspect, a method of producing a liquid fuel includes forming a gaseous fuel (e.g., by dissociating biomass waste using waste heat recovered from an external heat source). Carbon dioxide emitted from an industrial process can be harvested and reacted with the gaseous fuel to generate the liquid fuel. A hazardous contaminant can be dissolved in the liquid fuel, with the liquid fuel operating as a solvent or continuous phase for a solution or colloid that isolates the hazardous contaminant from the environment. The hazardous contaminant can include at least one of a carbon donor and a hydrogen donor.

Abstract: A slag agglomerator includes an inlet, an outlet and a plurality of obstacles. The inlet receives a flow of gas and slag droplets and the outlet allows the flow of gas and slag droplets to exit the agglomerator. The obstacles are oblique or perpendicular to the flow of gas and slag droplets and have an exterior surface containing a ceramic matrix composite.

Abstract: A method of capturing acid compounds contained in a gas, wherein the following stages are carried out: a) contacting (R1) gas (2) with a liquid solution (9) comprising a mixture of an aqueous phase and of a non-water miscible phase so as to produce a solution (3) comprising acid compound hydrates and an acid compound depleted gas (10), b) dividing (B1) the solution comprising acid compound hydrates into a hydrate-rich fraction and a fraction rich in non-water miscible phase, c) separating (B1) hydrate-rich fraction (4) from fraction (5) rich in non-water miscible phase, d) heating (R2) the hydrate-rich fraction so as to release gaseous acid compounds (6) by dissociating the hydrates and to produce a water-rich fraction (8), e) mixing (B2) the fraction rich in non-water miscible phase obtained in stage c) with the water-rich fraction produced in stage d) so as to produce the liquid solution used in stage a).

Abstract: Disclosed area process and a system for gasifying biomass to obtain a combustible gas for combustion in an engine. Further, a method and a purification system for removing tar components from a combustible gas having a temperature above its dew-point are disclosed.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to a process of reforming a natural gas stream by steam. The reforming is carried out at a temperature within a predetermined range to form a substantially carbon monoxide free product mixture of hydrogen and natural gas. The reforming is carried out in presence of a nickel-based catalyst. The temperature is controlled in a range of about 350° C. to about 390° C. The reforming can be started or stopped or its rate can be varied, based on an outflow demand of the product mixture of hydrogen and natural gas.

Abstract: Described herein are gradual oxidation systems that receive and process solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. The system can include a solid fuel gasifier that extracts and cleans gas fuel from a solid fuel. The system can also include a reaction chamber that receives the gas fuel and maintains a gradual oxidation process of the fuel. In some embodiments, liquids containing contaminants can be oxidized within the gradual oxidation chamber. Liquid fuels and gas fuels may be communicated to the oxidation chamber separately or in combination.

Abstract: A gas-generating apparatus (10) includes a reaction chamber (18) containing a solid fuel component (24) and a liquid fuel component (22) that is introduced into the reaction chamber by a fluid path, such as a tube, nozzle, or valve. The flow of the liquid fuel to the solid fuel is self-regulated. Other embodiments of the gas-generating apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: With a system for synthesis gas production, having a reactor as well as a gas cooler/purifier connected with it in terms of flow, a solution is supposed to be created, with which the most compact possible connection between reactor, on the one hand, and the gas cooler or purifier, on the other hand, is made possible, whereby heat expansions that occur due to different temperatures are absorbed. This is accomplished in that the connection between reactor (1) and gas cooler/purifier (7) is formed by a horizontal connection piece (5) having a throttle element (6) configured as a Venturi element.

Abstract: A process for desulphurising hydrocarbons includes the steps of (i) passing a mixture of hydrocarbon and hydrogen over a hydrodesulphurisation catalyst to convert organosulphur compounds present in the hydrocarbon to hydrogen sulphide, (ii) passing the resulting mixture over a hydrogen sulphide sorbent including zinc oxide to reduce the hydrogen sulphide content of the mixture and (iii) passing the hydrogen sulphide-depleted mixture over a further desulphurisation material, where the further desulphurisation material includes one or more nickel compounds, a zinc oxide support material, and optionally one or more promoter metal compounds selected from one or more compounds of iron, cobalt, copper and precious metals, the desulphurisation material having a nickel content in the range 0.3 to 20% by weight and a promoter metal content in the range 0 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of carbon dioxide (or CO2) from various types of gas emitting sources containing carbon dioxide, including the reduction of carbon dioxide from industrial gas emitting sources via the use of an ion exchange material in which a heated stream of carbon dioxide is utilized in the regeneration of the ion exchange material.

Abstract: Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Method and system for gasifying biomass. Tar loaded gas from the reactor for gasifying the biomass is subjected to a saturation and absorption treatment with a first and second fluid respectively. The first fluid comprises aromatic hydrocarbons whilst the second fluid comprises linear hydrocarbons. Tars received in the aromatic fluid is entered together with such fluid in a separation column. Separation is effected based on evaporation temperature and the lighter fraction is returned to the inflow of the saturation separator. The heavier fractions are either discharged or sent back to the biomass reactor. An intermediate buffer vessel can be provided between the discharge of the saturation cleaner and the separator.

Abstract: A catalyst-coated support including a sheetlike support, a primer layer applied thereto and composed of nanoparticles composed of silicon oxide-comprising material, and at least one catalyst layer applied to the primer layer. The layers applied are notable for a particularly good adhesive bond strength and can be used particularly efficiently in heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, especially in microreactors.

Abstract: A quench ring for use with a gasifier system. The quench ring including an annular manifold having a radius, an annular channel coupled in flow communication with said manifold, and at least one inlet coupled in flow communication with said manifold, said at least one inlet having a center line aligned substantially tangentially to said annular manifold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the separation and capture of carbon-containing compounds from gases. Specifically, the present invention relates to the use of rare-earth based compounds for the capture and separation of carbon-containing compounds from gases. The carbon capture processes can be integrated into fossil fuel power generation plants or other industrial process plants in order to reduce emission of greenhouse gases from the plants.

Abstract: A method for processing pre-combustion syngas includes, in an exemplary embodiment, providing an absorber unit having a membrane contactor having a plurality of micro-pores, channeling pre-combustion syngas along a first surface of the membrane contactor, channeling an amine based solvent along a second opposing surface of the membrane contactor, and contacting the solvent with the syngas such that the solvent and the syngas contact at gas-liquid interface areas, defined by the plurality of micro-pores in the membrane contactor, to separate CO2 from the flue gas by a chemical absorption of CO2 into the solvent to produce a solvent containing CO2.

Abstract: A small cylindrical reformer having at least a combustion reaction unit and a fuel-converting catalytic reaction unit wherein the combustion reaction unit and the fuel-converting catalytic reaction unit are structured as six cylindrical pipes to realize optimal heat exchange efficiently, a route supplying a water gas shift reformate to a preferential oxidation reactor and a route supplying feed and water into reforming reaction parts from the feed/water inlet overlap each other at a lower portion of the reformer so as to increase heat transfer efficiency, and a preferential oxidation reactor provided outside the fuel-converting catalytic reaction unit to decrease the concentration of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reformate to a predetermined level or lower and increase heat transfer efficiency with an air/fuel preheating passage communicating with the air/fuel inlet.

Abstract: There are provided a fuel reformer housing container and a fuel reforming apparatus, which are capable of maintaining a level of vacuum inside the fuel reformer housing container favorably and which have less power generation loss. A fuel reformer housing container includes a base having a concave portion for housing a fuel reformer in which reformed gas containing hydrogen gas is generated from fuel, a discharge pipe for communicating inside of the concave portion with outside thereof to discharge the reformed gas from the fuel reformer, a supply pipe for communicating inside of the concave portion with outside thereof to supply the fuel to the fuel reformer, and a gas adsorbent housed in the concave portion, for adsorbing gas in the concave portion.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide remover includes a reactor body having an inner space, and a catalyst provided in the inner space of the reactor body to react with the reforming gas. A diffusion unit is installed at an inlet portion of the reactor body for introducing the reforming gas to diffuse the reforming gas over the entire area of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are a continuous drying apparatus and method. The apparatus includes a combustion chamber, a heat exchange chamber, a filter, a mixing chamber, and a drying chamber. Biomass to be dried is loaded into an upper end of the drying chamber and falls on a rotating plate at a bottom of the drying chamber. Heated gas from the combustion chamber is mixed with recycled gas output from the drying chamber, and with recycled gas output from the heat exchange chamber, is filtered and is directed to the mixing chamber. Gas circulates within the mixing chamber and is directed into a lower end of the drying chamber at a drying temperature. The biomass loaded into the drying chamber is dried by the gas, and is extracted off the rotating plate.

Abstract: A system and process for gas homogenization is disclosed. This has application in the areas of generation of gas and its conversion to electricity in downstream applications. The homogenization system minimizes variance in the gas characteristics (composition, flow, pressure, temperature), thereby rendering a steady stream of gas of consistent quality to the downstream machinery. This homogenization system can be adjusted to optimize the output gas stream for specific end-applications, or to optimize the output gas stream for different input feedstocks. This ensures that overall conversion efficiencies are maximized while keeping the process cost-effective. Such a uniform, steady output gas stream has a wide range of applications in the broad areas of generation of electricity (e.g. using internal combustion engines and combustion turbine engines), chemical synthesis (e.g.

Abstract: The system contained within this application for non-provisional patent protection provides the ability to convert municipal solid waste materials, used tires, various biomass including wood chips and other agricultural waste, and the addition of coal into synthesis gas (syngas), with oxygen as plasma gas. The system will accommodate the possibility for variation in feedstock co-gasification of the various materials with plasma torches that will be embedded in a plasma gasification unit. One converted into synthesis gas (syngas), the syngas will be cleaned of acid gases and carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide will be captured and converted for various industrial applications instead of being released into the atmosphere. Clean syngas generated by the system will become the gas fuel for various energy solutions including clean electricity, as substitute for natural gas, and ultra clean FT synthetic fuels.

Abstract: In a retrofit system for hot solids combustion and gasification, a chemical looping system includes an endothermic reducer reactor 12 having at least one materials inlet 22 for introducing carbonaceous fuel and CaCO3 therein and a CaS/gas outlet 26. A first CaS inlet 40 and a first CaSO4 inlet 64 are also defined by the reducer reactor 12. An oxidizer reactor 14 is provided and includes an air inlet 68, a CaSO4/gas outlet 46, a second CaS inlet 44, and a second CaSO4 inlet 66. A first separator 30 is in fluid communication with the CaS/gas outlet 26 and includes a product gas and a CaS/gas outlet 32 and 34 from which CaS is introduced into said first and second CaS inlets. A second separator 50 is in fluid communication with the CaSO4/gas outlet 46 and has an outlet 52 for discharging gas therefrom, and a CaSO4 outlet from which CaSO4 is introduced into the first and second CaSO4 inlets 62, 66.

Abstract: Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a gasifier having a partial moderator bypass are provided. The gasifier includes a partial oxidation reactor including an inlet and an outlet and a primary reaction zone extending therebetween, the partial oxidation reactor configured to direct a flow of products of partial oxidation including fuel gases, gaseous byproducts of partial oxidation, and unburned carbon, and a secondary reaction chamber coupled in flow communication with the partial oxidation reactor, the secondary reaction chamber is configured to mix a flow of moderator with the flow of gaseous byproducts of partial oxidation and unburned carbon such that a concentration of fuel gases is increased.

Abstract: A method of assembling a gas removal system for an integrated gasification combined cycle is provided. The method includes coupling a first rich solvent tank in flow communication with the integrated gasification combined cycle to store a first emissions-rich solvent discharged from the integrated gasification combined cycle and coupling a first stripper in flow communication with the first rich solvent tank to facilitate removing gases from the first emissions-rich solvent. The method also includes coupling an absorber in flow communication with the first stripper to receive gases from the first stripper and create a second emissions-rich solvent and coupling a second rich solvent tank in flow communication with the absorber to store the second emissions-rich solvent.

Abstract: A reacting device includes a base plate, a first reaction unit provided on the base plate, a reaction material being supplied thereto, the first reaction unit being set at a first temperature, a reaction flow channel being formed such that the reaction material flows therein, the first reaction unit causing a reaction of the reaction material and at least one heating unit which sets the first reaction unit at the first temperature. The first reaction unit has a plurality of reactors that communicate with each other, and the heating unit is provided between the adjacent reactors.

Abstract: A reactor is proposed for entrained flow gasification for operation with pulverized or liquid fuels, with an externally cooled draft tube protecting the slag discharge outlet. An outlet of the draft tube remains above a water line of a sump of the reactor and is formed from Molybdenum, an alloy featuring molybdenum, Tantalum or an alloy featuring Tantalum.

Abstract: With a method and a system for treatment of a hot crude gas generated by an entrained flow gasification system, removal of the compounds that contain sulfur and carbon is supposed to be undertaken in such a manner that hot gas is made available for further use. This is achieved in that a desulfurization (7) follows the gasifier (2), in series, in the flow path of the hot gas, followed by a solid separation (8, 9), whereby behind the solid separation (8, 9), a partial stream (13) of the gas is provided downstream by way of a water quench (14), a Venturi scrubber (15), a crude gas cooler (16), as well as an H2O separation (17) and a compressor (18), the flow path (19) of which is passed back, cooled, into the circuit, behind the gasification (2) and ahead of the desulfurization system.

Abstract: A down-draft fixed bed gasifier is disclosed that produced clean producer or synthesis gas. The gasifier can be installed at a stationary location or can be scaled down to enable placing the gasifier on a trailer that can be moved to the site of biomass generation. The gasifier is vertically oriented and generally cylindrical, and the design allows for a continual input of feedstock into the gasifier with less clogging and without lowering the gas pressure inside the gasifier. The design incorporates an internal catalyst to clean tars from the produced gas, and uses heat from the combustion chamber of the gasifier to heat the catalyst. The flow of air may be either positive flow or negative flow.

Abstract: The inventive stage system for producing hydrogen consists of at least two upstream/downstream stages, respectively, each of which comprises, optionally, a catalytic reactor (C1 to C5) followed by a separator comprising a space (E1 to E4) for circulation of a gaseous mixture contacting at least one oxygen extracting membrane and a hydrogen collecting space, wherein the reactor (C1) of the upstream stage is connected to a reaction gaseous mixture source, the circulation stage (E1) of the upstream stage separator is connected to the reactor (C2) of the downstream stage and the spaces for extracting/collecting oxygen from two separators are connected to a hydrogen collecting circuit (TC, 8) which is common for two stages.

Abstract: A syngas cooler for use in a gasification system is described that includes a head portion including a plurality of conduit headers. The syngas cooler also includes an annular shell portion including a plurality of conduits, the plurality of conduits configured to be coupled in flow communication with the plurality of conduit headers. The syngas cooler also includes a quench portion configured to remove particulates entrained in a flow of syngas flowing through the syngas cooler. The head portion and the shell portion are configured to be coupled together with a circumferential seam weld.

Abstract: A gas-generating apparatus (10) includes a reaction chamber (18) containing a solid fuel component (24) and a liquid fuel component (22) that is introduced into the reaction chamber by a fluid path, such as a tube, nozzle, or valve. The flow of the liquid fuel to the solid fuel is self-regulated. Other embodiments of the gas-generating apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A reformer having a combustion unit including a combustion part to burn air and fuel, a combustion gas distributor to distribute the burned combustion gas, and first and second combustion gas passages to guide the distributed combustion gas into an outlet. A fuel-converting catalytic reaction unit includes two reforming reaction parts preparing a reforming reaction reformate, each having a reforming catalyst to reform feed and water supplied from a feed/water inlet, and a water gas shift reaction part preparing a water gas shift reformate, between the two reforming reaction parts to decrease a concentration of carbon monoxide in the reforming reacting reformate. The two units are structured as six cylindrical pipes to realize optimal heat exchange efficiency, and preferential oxidation reactor is provided between first air fuel preheating passages in the combustion part to decrease the concentration of carbon monoxide in the water gas shift reformate to a predetermined level or lower.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing hydrogen with reforming catalysts. The reforming catalysts may be platinum group metals on a support material, and they may be located in a reforming reaction zone of a primary reactor. The support material may be an oxidic support having a ceria and zirconia promoter, or may include a neodymium stabilizer. The support material may also include at least one Group IA, Group IIA, manganese, or iron metal promoter. The primary reactor may have a first and second reforming reaction zones, where upstream catalysts located in the first reforming reaction zone and downstream catalysts located in the second reforming reaction zone may be selected to perform optimally under the conditions in their respective reforming reaction zone.

Abstract: A method for processing pre-combustion syngas includes, in an exemplary embodiment, providing an absorber unit having a membrane contactor having a plurality of micro-pores, channeling pre-combustion syngas along a first surface of the membrane contactor, channeling an amine based solvent along a second opposing surface of the membrane contactor, and contacting the solvent with the syngas such that the solvent and the syngas contact at gas-liquid interface areas, defined by the plurality of micro-pores in the membrane contactor, to separate CO2 from the flue gas by a chemical absorption of CO2 into the solvent to produce a solvent containing CO2.

Abstract: A system for use in separating carbon dioxide and acid gas from syngas includes a syngas purification circuit that includes at least one adsorption tower coupled in flow communication to a supply of lean solvent. The system further includes a carbon dioxide removal circuit coupled downstream from the syngas purification circuit. The carbon dioxide removal circuit includes at least one component that facilitates the removal of carbon dioxide from the solvent after the solvent has passed through the syngas purification circuit. The carbon dioxide removal circuit also includes at least one compressor, wherein the at least one component and the at least one compressor are operable at substantially similar pressures. In addition, the system includes an acid gas removal circuit that is coupled downstream from the carbon dioxide removal circuit. The acid gas removal circuit includes at least one adsorption tower.

Abstract: A method of assembling a spray quench apparatus is provided. The method includes coupling a first end of an exit tube to a quench chamber such that the exit tube end is in flow communication with the quench chamber, coupling at least one spray nozzle to an opposite second end of the exit tube such that water emitted from the spray nozzle fills the exit tube and forms a film of water across an inner surface of the exit tube, coupling a water source to the quench chamber for providing a substantially continuous water film along an inner surface of the quench chamber, and coupling at least one discharge apparatus to the quench chamber for providing water spray into the quench chamber, wherein the water of the water film and water sprays drains into a water sump.

Abstract: A system and process for maximizing the generation of electrical power from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The hydrocarbon feedstocks are first gasified and then oxidized in a two-chamber system and process using oxygen gas rather than ambient air. Intermediate gases generated in the system and process are recirculated and recycled to the gasification and oxidation chambers in order to maximize energy production. The energy produced through the system and process is used to generate steam and produce power through conventional steam turbine technology. In addition to the release of heat energy, the hydrocarbon feedstocks are oxidized to the pure product compounds of water and carbon dioxide, which are subsequently purified and marketed. The system and process minimizes environmental emissions.

Abstract: A method of reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in process fuel gas in a feed stream for a fuel cell. The method includes introducing a hydrocarbon feed stream into a primary reactor and reacting the hydrocarbon feed stream in effective contact with a reforming catalyst forming primary reactor products containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane; placing a high activity water gas shift catalyst system into a water gas shift converter, introducing the primary reactor products into the water gas shift converter in effective contact with the high activity water gas shift catalyst system, and reacting the carbon monoxide and water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen using a water gas shift reaction forming the feed stream for the fuel cell; and introducing the feed stream into the fuel cell. The high water gas shift catalyst system includes a noble metal, a support comprising a mixed metal oxide of cerium oxide and at least one of zirconium oxide or lanthanum oxide.

Abstract: Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems, hydrogen purification membranes, hydrogen purification devices, fuel processing and fuel cell systems that include hydrogen purification devices, and methods for operating the same. In some embodiments, operation of the fuel processing system is initiated by heating at least the reforming region of the fuel processing system to at least a selected hydrogen-producing operating temperature. In some embodiments, an electric heater is utilized to perform this initial heating. In some embodiments, use of the electric heater is discontinued after startup, and a burner or other combustion-based heating assembly combusts a fuel to heat at least the hydrogen producing region, such as due to the reforming region utilizing an endothermic catalytic reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that includes a fuel reforming reactor generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150 C, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit that separates the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream, and a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit that converts carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O). The method of purification involves generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150 C in a fuel reforming reactor, separating the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit, and converting carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O) in a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit.

Abstract: A continuous pressure letdown system connected to a hopper decreases a pressure of a 2-phase (gas and solid) dusty gas stream flowing through the system. The system includes a discharge line for receiving the dusty gas from the hopper, a valve, a cascade nozzle assembly positioned downstream of the discharge line, a purge ring, an inert gas supply connected to the purge ring, an inert gas throttle, and a filter. The valve connects the hopper to the discharge line and controls introduction of the dusty gas stream into the discharge line. The purge ring is connected between the discharge line and the cascade nozzle assembly. The inert gas throttle controls a flow rate of an inert gas into the cascade nozzle assembly. The filter is connected downstream of the cascade nozzle assembly.

Abstract: A flammable gas concentration system comprises concentrating means for acquiring at least a portion of the product gas, concentrating the flammable gas included in the acquired product gas, and generating a high-concentration gas; and mixing means for acquiring the raw gas and the high-concentration gas generated by the concentrating means, mixing the acquired high-concentration gas and the raw gas, and generating the product gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of sulfur contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream comprising: (a) providing a gaseous hydrocarbon stream having sulfur contaminants, but having less than 10 ppmw of said sulfur contaminants as thiophenes, to a bed of adsorbent material, said material having at least one Group VIII metal compound with at least one Group VI, IA, IIA, IB metal compound on an inorganic metal oxide support material, without substantial added hydrogen, to absorb said contaminants; (b) periodically stopping said providing of said gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream of (a); (c) then, regenerating said adsorbent bed by introducing at least one regenerant, in any order, in the place of said stream; and, (d) continuing to alternate (a) and (b) plus (c) as needed.

Abstract: A home fuel gas refining system has a modifier for modifying a hydrogen-containing fuel to produce a modified gas. The modifier includes a hydrogen-containing fuel supply mechanism for supplying the hydrogen-containing fuel and a modifying air supply mechanism for supplying modifying air. The hydrogen-containing fuel delivered from the hydrogen-containing fuel supply mechanism and the modifying air delivered from the modifying air supply mechanism are mixed with each other by a modification fuel ejector, and then delivered to a reactor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing synthetic natural gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled to provide a cooled raw syngas. The cooled raw syngas can be processed in a purification system to provide treated syngas. The purification system can include a flash gas separator in fluid communication with the gasifier and a saturator. The treated syngas can be converted to synthetic natural gas to provide steam, a methanation condensate, and a synthetic natural gas. The methanation condensate can be introduced to the flash gas separator.

Abstract: A system for collecting carbon dioxide in flue gas includes a stack that discharges flue gas discharged from an industrial facility to outside, a blower that is installed at the downstream side of the stack and draws the flue gas therein, a carbon-dioxide collecting device that collects carbon dioxide in the flue gas drawn in by the blower, and a gas flow sensor arranged near an exit side within the stack. A drawing amount of the flue gas by the blower to the carbon-dioxide collecting device is increased until an flow rate of the flue gas from the stack becomes zero in the gas flow sensor, and when the discharged amount of flue gas from the stack becomes zero, drawing in any more than that amount is stopped, and the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is collected while the flue gas is drawn in by a substantially constant amount.