Abstract: A unique rope-pulling exercise apparatus that includes a support structure, a continuous rope, and a means for applying resistance to the force applied on the rope by the user, as the rope is pulled in either direction.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for simulating a back and forth leg or foot movement, the apparatus comprising: a pair of pivotable support mechanisms supported on a frame, a pair of foot pedals mounted on the support mechanisms for back and forth movement along an arcuate path of translation movement, the foot pedals being adjustable to a selected segment of an overall arcuate path of translation movement. The apparatus includes handles or arms interconnected or interlinked to the foot pedals for upper body pushing or pulling energy input. The handles or arms pivot together with and in the same back or forth direction as the pedals to which they are interlinked.

Abstract: The exercise slider includes a base having planar sides that selectively attach to an interchangeable handle and an interchangeable pad. The interchangeable handle attaches to one side of the base opposite the interchangeable pad. Attachment of the handle and pad to the base permits selective sliding movement of the exercise slider over a surface such that the handle remains in a substantially fixed position relative to the pad through common attachment to the base.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus in this disclosure includes a doorway mountable runner restraint device. The device has a generally rigid, preferably padded, belly pad that is placed against and in front of a user's pelvis and abdominal area. A pair of cords are attached to the belly pad, each having an opposite end attached to an elastic member. Each of the elastic members is, in turn, attached to an anchor which is removably fastened to a stationary object such as a closed door, a doorway frame, or sandwiched between a closed door and the doorway frame. A user fastens the apparatus in place in a doorway, faces away from the doorway, and places the belly pad against his or her torso directly over the pelvis area, and then runs in a direction away from the doorway. The elastic members resist and restrain the user from substantial movement away from the doorway but stretch to allow forward running movement during each step.

Abstract: The multi-exercise trainer includes a portable workout board having a low-friction upper surface. The low-friction upper surface includes a set of indicia concentrically spaced from one another to provide visual guidance for performing exercises thereon. The multi-exercise trainer further includes a hand pad slidable and rotatable over the low-friction upper surface. The indicia designate defined distances on the low-friction upper surface so a user may selectively position and slide the hand pad thereon while simultaneously performing push-ups.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus to simulate climbing is described that includes such features as arm handles that move in synchronism with the motion of foot pedals to provide a total body workout; side handrails; a mounting step; linear foot movement at a simulated climbing angle; a three point support structure using a vertical support column; pedal track covers; a mechanism to provide constant resistance to pedal motion; and pedal impact absorption.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising, a paddle lever, a hinge joint, the hinge joint pivotally attached to the paddle lever, a hydraulic piston, the hydraulic piston pivotally attached to the paddle lever, a crankshaft, a piston bar, the piston bar pivotally attached to the paddle lever on a first end and to the crankshaft on a second end, a chain assembly, the chain assembly interlocked to the crankshaft, and a wheel, the wheel attached to the chain assembly by a rear axle, wherein a force pushes down the paddle lever hinged on the pivot joint, the force is transmitted to both the hydraulic piston and the crankshaft at the same time therefore rotating the wheel. A method of transportation comprising, using human force to simultaneously move a crankshaft and a hydraulic piston, whereby a wheel is rotated.

Abstract: An improved rehabilitation and exercise machine is provided which allows a person with physical limitations, disabilities or chronic conditions to use the machine in order to rehabilitate their muscles, improve joint flexibility, and enhance cardiovascular fitness.

Abstract: A rolling resistance producing apparatus is tethered to trail behind a person includes a longitudinally aligned fabric panel stretched on a frame which also engages the rear end of an elastomeric band that is stretched through a sheath formed in the panel to engage a harness tied to selected limbs of the person to provide resistance thereto. The trailing end of the frame is supported on a wheel to follow the person as she or he are moving. A measurement system sensing the movement of the wheel then records the rate of the movement to provide an indication of fatigue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sit down exercise apparatus operated in a chair position where foot operated pedals and arm operated handles follow oblong paths. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exercise machine having separately supported pedals for the feet and arm exercise coordinated with motion of the feet. The foot pedals fold away from the operator to allow easy ingress and egress as well as arm exercise only. The handles for arm exercise fold away from the operator for foot only exercise and easy stowage. The exercise apparatus is wheelchair friendly and has a security connector to prevent tipback during operation. Arm exercise can passively exercise the feet or foot exercise can passively exercise the arms.

Abstract: A treadmill conversion resistance training apparatus includes mirror-image left and right attachments for attaching to treadmill vertical support columns, each attachment having a vertical mounting bracket removably attachable to a vertical support column; a translation member rotatingly connectable to the vertical mounting bracket at a translation axis; resistance straps removably connectable between the translation member and the mounting bracket; a handle connectable to the translation member and lockable at selected angles; wherein, the treadmill to continues to function as an treadmill while the apparatus is attached. A treadmill conversion apparatus includes a handle having an articulation joint lockable at selectable angles. A treadmill conversion apparatus includes a handle joint having adjustable resistance portion.

Abstract: An elliptical exercise machine comprises a frame, two transmission rods, two stepping rods, wherein the frame is provided with a driving wheel and two sides of the driving wheel are respectively provided with a crank. One ends of the two transmission rods are connected to two cranks. The two stepping rods are connected to two transmission rods. Another end of each stepping rod is pivoted with a towing rod. Each towing rod is pivoted to the frame. Relatively elliptical orbits are formed through the two stepping rods driven by the two swing arms and the two transmission rods. When the two stepping rods reach a left acme and a right acme of each elliptical orbit, the two towing rods further tow the stepping rods corresponding to each other to generate a quick return effect so that elliptical orbit motion can be smoother.

Abstract: An exerciser includes a base comprising a rotatable central seat and a fixed support upwardly extending out of the seat; first and second carriage assemblies each comprising two opposite rails each having one end formed as a joint pivotably secured to either side of the seat, a bar across the other ends of the rails, and a foot plate adapted to rotate horizontally with respect to the rails and move along the rails; and first and second damping assembly in the first and second carriage assemblies respectively and each comprising two rollers fixedly secured to the seat between the joints and an intermediate portion of the bar respectively, an elastic belt passing the rollers, and two attachments at both ends of the first elastic belt respectively, the attachments being releasably fastened at either carriage assembly.

Abstract: A track-adjusting method and a track-adjusting mechanism are applicable to an elliptical exercise apparatus using a linkage system to generate a cyclic exercise track. The track-adjusting method and the track-adjusting mechanism provide the elliptical exercise apparatus with additional exercise tracks by displacing at least one set of horizontally symmetrical pivotal joints in the linkage system, so as to allow diverse training programs and improved exercise effects.

Abstract: Presented is a bike fitting and diagnostic machine with adjustable rider contact points of the saddle, the pedals, and the handlebars. Adjustments can be made while the rider pedals, and while the rider's output is measured in watts, calories, heart rate, or other units. Optimal bike fit parameters are determined to help a rider select a well fitting bike or have one made to his specifications.

Abstract: A stationary exercise device with adjustable members for varying the stride path and the exercise intensity of a user is disclosed. The stationary device having a stationary frame and a movable frame that moves relative to the stationary frame to vary the exercise intensity of a user.

Abstract: A stationary exercise device with a frame including a base, a front portion, and a back portion, a rail joined to the front portion and back portion including a portion of the rail that is spaced apart from and above the base, first and second supporting members linked to the frame to rotate about a first axis, first and second swing member connected to the rail to pivot about a swing axis, first and second control links pivotally connected to the first and second control members, and first and second pedals respectively connected to the first and second control links.

Abstract: A sensor unit installed in a premises for detecting a user's walking behavior. Connected to the server through a communication network are a server, an information reporting unit, and an exercise machine. The server includes a diagnosis section for analyzing time series data of walking signal from the sensor unit to determine walking ability and generate walking ability data indicative thereof, and an information providing section which provides the walking ability date to the information reporting unit and the exercise machine. The information reporting unit includes reporting means for reporting the determined walking ability to the user. The exercise machine includes a control section which gives an exercise to the user depending upon the walking ability.

Abstract: An exercise device is provided, having a frame, an arm link pivotally coupled to the frame, a leg link pivotally coupled to the frame and a countermovement mechanism coupling the arm link and the leg link to enable substantially opposite direction of movement of the arm link relative to the leg link. A first and second set of the arm and leg links may be provided and positioned each adjacent a seat adapted to support a user. The range of motion of the arm links and therefore the leg links are controlled by the user as well as the direction of movement of the first set relative to the second set. This enables the user to perform a simulated walking gait exercise by moving the first and second arm links in generally opposing directions or an abdominal exercise by moving the first and second arms links in substantially the same direction.

Abstract: A system and method for developing an individual's physical abilities includes measuring one or more physical ability of an individual and establishing control parameters of a game such that operation of the game at a beginning level is within the individual's measured physical ability. The degree of physical ability shown by the individual over time of game play is monitored, and the control parameters are gradually modified to require a progressively greater physical ability of the individual than required at the beginning level. The system includes an input device, e.g., a joystick, that is operated by the individual to play the game. The system records aspects related to game play, such as frequency and duration of play, specific actions or motions, and changes in physical ability. A therapist is then able to review the record and modify system settings to optimize improvement by the individual.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the present invention generally provide a control system and a process for an exercise apparatus configurable into a combined treadmill and stepper mode. The apparatus may also be configured into stepper only and treadmill only modes. The apparatus generally includes a master control unit, a first sensor, in communication with the master control unit, which generates a first signal indicative of an effective tread speed for the apparatus, and a resistive element that includes at least one resistance level. Using the first signal, the resistance level, and empirical information, the amount of energy expended by a user of the apparatus may be calculated and the operation of the apparatus controlled. Various sensors, actuators and information, such as that obtained from various data structures, may be utilized in performing calculations and controlling the features, functions and operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention is a skating simulator 10 having a frame 20, a longitudinally extending rail 30, a carriage 40, and a foot pedal 50. The rail 30 is attached to the frame 20. The carriage 40 operably engages the rail 30 for reciprocating along a path 60 along the rail 30. The foot pedal 50 is attached to the carriage 40. The foot pedal 50 has an intermediate member 51, a foot pad 52, means for attaching the foot pad 52 to the intermediate member 51 allowing non circular arcuate movement of the foot pad 52 in relation to the intermediate member 51 in the longitudinal direction X and transverse direction Z.

Abstract: A foam roller exercise apparatus is disclosed. In one embodiment, the foam roller exercise apparatus may have first and second portions. The first portion may have a uniform cross-sectional shape, a first curved outer surface having a first radius of curvature, and a second curved outer surface spaced from the first curved outer surface and having a second radius of curvature. The second portion may be separable from the first portion and may have a uniform cross-sectional shape complimentary to the first portion. The foam roller exercise apparatus may have a third portion.

Abstract: A selectively inclining hiking exercise apparatus supports a user ambulating thereon. The selectively inclining hiking exercise apparatus includes a support base and a treadbase that selectively inclines with respect to the support base. The treadbase includes a motor for driving an endless belt upon which the user ambulates. The treadbase also includes a magnetic braking assembly for regulating the speed of the endless belt to prevent the endless belt from moving at a rate that is faster than the rate at which the treadbase motor is driving the endless belt. The magnetic braking assembly includes a magnet that selectively moves relative to the treadbase flywheel along a threaded lead screw to provide the braking force.

Abstract: Sports equipment or a sports device is described. It has an elongated body equipped with two handles, which are configured to accommodate hands and/or feet. The elongated body can be elastically flexed in a longitudinal direction. In a preferred embodiment of the sports equipment or sports device, the elongated body is designed for use as a swimming float. The sports equipment or sports device is particularly suited for training, playing and/or exercising.

Abstract: A cyclical skating motion exercise machine has a base frame assembly. A first pedal arm mounted on a first pedal axle, wherein the first pedal axle is substantially vertical. A first link assembly mounted to the first pedal arm at a first pedal joint. The first pedal joint provides motion between the first link assembly and the first pedal arm. A first pedal mounted to the first pedal arm for supporting a user's foot. A second pedal arm is mounted on a second pedal axle, wherein the second pedal axle is substantially vertical. A crank assembly has a first link assembly is mounted to the a crank assembly, and the crank assembly has rotational inertia is substantially orthogonally to the first pedal axle.

Abstract: An exercise device including a frame including a base frame and first and second posts extending substantially orthogonally from substantially outer ends of the base frame, a first platform rotatably connected to the base frame and selectably lockable in at least one position. The first platform includes a curved track mounted on the first platform such that a lowest point of the curved track is substantially near a center of the first platform and a pair of high points are located substantially near opposite outer edges of the first platform. A rolling mechanism is configured to ride on the curved track. A second platform rotatably mounted to the rolling mechanism is selectably lockable in at least one position. Such an exercise device provides multiple ranges of motion designed to provide an abdominal exercise that targets various different abdominal muscle regions, and may also provide an aerobic and/or cardiac workout.

Abstract: This pedal exerciser allows normal walking and running in place on pedals (16, 17) reciprocal back and forth by returning the pedal from varying strides to a forward step-down position in response to user's end of stride action of stepping down on the forward pedal and lifting the other foot at the rear. A return force is applied to a pedal only during its return stroke, avoiding the high force opposing user's stride of elastic return devices. This enables high return forces to return the pedals at high stride rates and long strides without high user stride effort, making possible pedal exercisers allowing normal, varying walk-run strides as on powered treadmills but without a motor drive. Mechanical and pneumatic versions are described, manual and motorized, providing cushioned step-down with automatic stride length, speed variation and stopping responding to user's foot force.

Abstract: A simulation play kit is provided for bracing and covering a person's hands and forearms to allow a person to walk on all fours to simulate an animal. The kit includes at least one crutch having a 4 to 6 inch width and having a telescopic extension member adjustable to a maximum a one-foot height. Each crutch has a U-shaped frame member with a brace member across a gap between first and second upper ends and also a hand support bar across the gap below the brace member. The kit also provides at least one faux hand member resembling a human hand with a sleeve attached thereto and may also provide at least one faux foot member which may be either an imaginative human foot or animal foot. The faux foot member also includes a sock portion. The crutch slides through either the faux hand or foot member.

Abstract: An apparatus for aerobic leg exercise of a seated user includes a first unit having means for supporting a first linear track on a floor, means for joining a first unit to the first linear track for non-resistive movement and means for enabling the seated user with a multi-positional contact for moving the first unit along the first linear track without substantial vertical movement of the seated user's knee. A second unit has means for supporting a second linear track on the floor, means for joining a second unit to the second linear track for non-resistive movement and means for enabling the seated user with a multi-positional contact for moving the second unit along the second linear track without substantial vertical movement of the seated user's knee. A means secures the first unit and the second unit at a desired splay angle and a means stabilizes the apparatus.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus having, as its principal objective, the provision of a portable exercise apparatus that offers substantially more benefits than a number of existing apparatus without their obvious associated problems. The exercise apparatus (1) has a base (2) having an upper surface (3) a lower surface (5), the upper surface (3) including a platform (7) with contact areas including a front (9) and a back (11) perpendicular to a right side (13) and a left side (15) adjacent a central area (17) of platform (7), the lower surface (5) rib supports (19) including dependent wheel support members (23) each one with a wheel (25) adapted for multi-directional movement (X, Y or Z).

Abstract: A training device to target train a body of a person includes a support, a device foot part having action elements for legs of the person, a device arm part having action elements for arms of the training person, and a connecting joint, mounted on the support, to couple the device foot part with the device arm part. The connecting joint allows the device foot part and the device arm part to displace relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis that runs through the connecting joint, device arm part and device foot part which causes a relative turning movement in a region of a vertebral column axis of the person, when lying on the device, between the pelvic girdle and the shoulder girdle of the person.

Abstract: A foldable treadmill includes a base and two posts are pivotably connected to the base. A handle is pivotably connected between the two posts and includes at least one pivotal end which is connected the two posts. A positioning unit is located between the two posts and includes a transverse link and at least one passive link which has a first end pivotably and is connected to the transverse link. A lever is connected to the transverse link so as to pivot the transverse link. At least one insertion is connected to a second end of the at least one passive link, the pivotal end of the handle having a restriction port with which the insertion is disengageably inserted to restrict the handle from pivoted about the insertion.

Abstract: An exercise device providing a fore and aft horizontal component of striding motion that is dynamically user-defined, while providing a vertical component of the motion that is maintained on a predetermined vertically reciprocating path in some embodiments. The exercise device guides the user's foot in a pseudo-elliptical stride path, while providing a dynamically variable stride length that allows the user to move with a natural stride length. The exercise device allows tall and short users to extend or curtail the stride length to match their natural stride lengths. The length of the reciprocating path is dynamically adjusted during the exercise operation without equipment adjustments by changes in the length of the stride input by the user at a pair of foot engagement pads disposed on laterally spaced apart foot support members.

Abstract: A method of improving mobility skills of a user on a stationary elliptical exercise device comprising two footpads, each footpad associated with a stationary exercise device, comprising a frame member having a transverse pivot axis. A first and a second foot tread member are operatively associated with a coupling member for pivotally coupling the front end of each foot tread member to the pivot axis at a predetermined distance from the pivot axis, so that each foot tread member front end travels in an arcuate path about the pivot axis. Each foot tread member moves independently of the other foot tread member. Each foot tread member rear end is operatively associated with a glide member for moveable coupling of the rear end of each foot tread member to a support surface. The glide members direct each foot tread member rear end along a reciprocating path of travel, as each foot tread member front end travels in an arcuate path.

Abstract: Ski simulation device has at least two arching rails parallel each other on a sloped plane elevated at an angle of a variable degree, joined to frame structure which includes handgrip and cross rail, arching rails providing track; a carriage rides in side-to-side movement on track; whereas carriage on which platform is mounted around axis, whereas platform on which two cradles each is mounted around its axis, whereas cradles wherein two rocking footrests are nested; resistance members providing a constraint on carriage as it rides on track; dampening member extending from front section of frame structure joined to midpoint on transverse bar of which ends joined to cradles; an assembly of rollers mounted on frontal sides of both cradles, whereby rollers as guide roll on cross rail; and rod extending from front section of frame structure to a point where mounted ball can be reached by user's both knees.

Abstract: In a swing exercise machine having a seat, a seat driving apparatus that moves the seat along a locus formed by a combination of a periodic swing motion around an anteroposterior swing shaft and a periodic swing motion around a transverse swing shaft, and a control circuit that can control rotation speed and rotation direction of a motor. The control circuit can switch the rotation direction of the motor, so that the seat can be moved in a reverse direction along the locus. Since the human body is asymmetrical in the anteroposterior direction, the regions of the human body where muscle activities occur when the seat is moved in the reverse direction are different from those when the seat is moved in a normal direction. Thereby, it is possible to vary the effect of the swing exercise on the human body.

Abstract: A ski exercising apparatus includes a ski unit including two ski members each having a wavy slide rail extending in a front-to-rear direction, two pedal units mounted slidably and respectively on the slide rails of the ski members, at least one pull rope mounted movably to the ski members and having two opposite ends connected respectively to the pedal units, two handle units connected pivotally and respectively to the ski members, and at least one connection unit disposed between and interconnecting the ski members and adjustable to change the position and orientation of one of the ski members relative to that of the other ski member.

Abstract: Exercise apparatus, which may be an elliptical cross trainer, has a rotating inertial flywheel driven by user-engaged linkage exercising a user. A user-actuated brake engages and stops rotation of the flywheel upon actuation by the user.

Abstract: An apparatus permitting a user to perform a simulated bicycling exercise is provided. The design includes a frame and a first mounting point and a second mounting point configured to maintain the frame. A seat is connected to the frame and configured to support the user. A wheel is positioned in association with said frame and pedals configured to interact with the wheel, and the frame is configured to pivot about the first mounting point and second mounting point in response to leaning by the user. Handlebars may be provided that enable further force application and enhance the leaning or pivoting in the bicycle riding simulation experience.

Abstract: A treadmill test protocol is provided having a linearly increasing work rate profile achieved by linearly increasing walking speed while simultaneously and non-linearly increasing the treadmill inclination. Specifically, according to the protocol it is possible to use a test subject's projected maximum end-test work rate to calculate a treadmill test protocol that starts with a low walking speed and low grade to produce a metabolic rate that is commensurable to that of unloaded cycling in cycle ergometer tests, thereafter having a linear increase in walking speed and simultaneous curvilinear increase in treadmill grade so that when the test subject is tested according to the calculated protocol, the test result yields a work rate and metabolic rate response with a linear slope. Further, the desired maximum treadmill speed can be adjusted so as there is no need for jogging or running for any given test subject.

Abstract: An adjustable exercise device that includes one or more inclined riser blocks for readily elevating and inclining a platform to enable stepping and other exercises to be readily performed on an inclined platform. The inclined riser blocks may be matingly engageable with the bottom of the platform to elevate and incline the platform. The inclined riser block may include a top face matingly engageable with the bottom of the platform, a bottom face, and a central portion extending between the bottom and top faces and having a front and rear, the central portion increasing in thickness from the front to the rear. The top face extends at an incline.

Abstract: A rotating exercise device is provided. In various embodiments, the rotating exercise device includes a stationary pedestal and a gearbox rotatably mounted to the pedestal such that the gearbox is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the pedestal. The rotating exercise device additionally includes a user seat mounted to a top of the gearbox and a user operable drive mechanism that is operably connected to the gear box. The user operable drive mechanism is structured and operable to, via control and operation of a user sitting on the seat, impart rotational force on the stationary pedestal to cause the gear box, seat and user to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the pedestal as the user operates the user operable drive mechanism.

Abstract: An adjustable exercise device that includes one or more inclined riser blocks for readily elevating and inclining a platform to enable stepping and other exercises to be readily performed on an inclined platform. The inclined riser blocks may be matingly engageable with the bottom of the platform to elevate and incline the platform. The inclined riser block may include a top face matingly engageable with the bottom of the platform, a bottom face, and a central portion extending between the bottom and top faces and having a front and rear, the central portion increasing in thickness from the front to the rear. The top face extends at an incline.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power-saving tread mill. A power-saving tread mill includes: a pair of rollers 10, 20; and an endless belt 30 wound around the pair of rollers 10, 20, wherein at least one of the rollers 10, 20 has: an armature 24a having iron cores 24c and coils 24c wound around the iron cores 24c; and permanent magnets 23 rotatable with the one of the rollers 10, 20 integrally, and electromagnetic induction produced between the permanent magnets 23 and the armature 24a produces induced electric current flowing through the coils 24c when the one of the rollers 10, 20 is rotated.

Abstract: An exercising machine for exercising of a user's torso, arm, leg or other body part, including an exercising attachment for exercising of the user's torso, arm, leg or other body part, a computer-controlled resistance actuator operatively connected to the exercising attachment to impart a resistance for concentric exercising of the user's torso, arm, leg or other body part through a forward range of motion, a computer-controlled force actuator operatively connected to the exercising attachment to impart a force for eccentric exercising of the user's torso, arm, leg or other body part through a reverse range of motion, a computer for controlling the actuators and a method for exercising, including imparting a resistance for concentric exercising of a user's torso, arm, leg or other body part through a forward range of motion and imparting a force for eccentric exercising of the user's torso, arm, leg or other body part through a reverse range of motion.

Abstract: Described is an exercise apparatus for providing elliptical foot motion that utilizes a pair of rocking links suspended from an upper portion of the apparatus frame permitting at least limited arcuate motion of the lower portions of the links. Foot pedal assemblies are connected to rotating shafts or members located on the lower portion of the links such that the foot pedals will describe a generally elliptical path in response to user foot motion on the pedals.

Abstract: A pedal assembly for a bicycle, including a pedal, a crank arm having an axis of rotation of the crank arm, and a variable attachment device that attaches the pedal to the crank arm at an angle of inclination with respect to the axis of rotation of the crank arm, wherein the variable attachment device enables changing the angle of inclination with respect to the axis of rotation of the crank arm without disassembly of the pedal from the crank arm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a locking mechanism for use with exercise treadmills capable of being selectively configured in an operating configuration or a storage configuration. The locking mechanism may utilize various configurations of engagement devices and/or locking members to allow a user to selectively lock a treadmill frame in a fixed position relative to a base frame.

Abstract: Sensing applications for exercise machines are described. An example sensing application for profiling a workout session of an exercise machine comprises selecting at least one workout parameter or inputting at least one physical characteristic of a user and operating the exercise machine in compliance with the at least one workout parameter selected. The method further comprising reading output signal values from a sensor in which the output signals are generated by a user impact to the exercise machine during the exercise session and processing the output signals. The method further comprising determining workout matrices to profile the exercise session using the processed output signals and providing feedback information based on the workout matrices.