Abstract: A gym machine comprising a ground resting base, a structure for supporting a user which is associated with the resting base so that it can rotate about a rotation axis, at least one maneuvering body which is associated movably with the supporting structure and flexible elements which are stretched between the maneuvering body and the ground resting base, the supporting structure rotating about the rotation axis between a first configuration and a second configuration when a user supported by the structure moves the maneuvering body, applying to the maneuvering body an action which is opposite with respect to the action applied thereto by the flexible elements.

Abstract: Rowing simulators that include a variety of features that provide one or more rowers with a rowing experience that more accurately simulates on-water rowing and/or provide enhanced training feedback. One feature is a rowing station that includes one or two oars each having a vertical-feel emulator implemented as a compliant guide follower that engages a corresponding oar guide during the drive phase of the rowing stroke so as to simulate an oar's engagement with water during on-water rowing. In other embodiments, the vertical-feel emulator is incorporated into an oar support. Other features include: stroke gauges that provide visual feedback on the various phases of a rower's stroke, including the catch phase, drive phase, finish phase, and recovery phase; an oar feathering indicator; and seats linked together for training rowers to row in unison, among others.

Abstract: A chest exercise machine has a main frame, a user support frame pivotally associated with the main frame and movable between a start position and an end position during an exercise, a user engagement device movably mounted relative to the frames and having at least one handle for gripping by a user positioned on the user support, and a connecting linkage which translates movement of the user engagement device to movement of the user support frame. The user engagement device provides articulated motion so that the handle moves in a user-defined chest exercise movement path between a start position and an end position. A load resists movement of at least one of the user support, user engagement device, and connecting linkage.

Abstract: An exercise machine has a main frame and a user support movably mounted relative to the main frame for movement between a start position and an end position during an exercise. At least one multi-function user engagement device is movably mounted relative to the frames for engagement and actuation by a user during an exercise, and a connecting linkage translates movement of the user engagement device to movement of the user support. The user engagement device has two different modes of operation selectable by a user for performing different exercises which exercise distinct muscles or muscle groups. A load provides resistance for both exercises.

Abstract: An exercise machine has a main frame and a user support frame pivotally mounted relative to the main frame for rotation between start and end positions. The user support frame supports spaced positions on a user's body throughout an exercise movement. A user engagement device is movably mounted relative to the frames and has at least one handle gripped by the user in performing exercises, and a connecting linkage translates movement of the user engagement device to rotational movement of the user support frame. A load resists movement of at least one of the user support, user engagement device, and connecting linkage. The user engagement device is at least partially non-rigid to allow a user to define the path of the handle and thus the type of back exercise performed.

Abstract: An exercise device is provided, having a frame, an arm link pivotally coupled to the frame, a leg link pivotally coupled to the frame and a countermovement mechanism coupling the arm link and the leg link to enable substantially opposite direction of movement of the arm link relative to the leg link. A first and second set of the arm and leg links may be provided and positioned each adjacent a seat adapted to support a user. The range of motion of the arm links and therefore the leg links are controlled by the user as well as the direction of movement of the first set relative to the second set. This enables the user to perform a simulated walking gait exercise by moving the first and second arm links in generally opposing directions or an abdominal exercise by moving the first and second arms links in substantially the same direction.

Abstract: An exercise machine has a main frame and a user support frame pivotally mounted relative to the main frame for rotation about a user support pivot axis between start and end positions. The user support frame has at least a primary support and a secondary support for supporting spaced positions on a user's body throughout an exercise movement. A user engagement device is movably mounted relative to the frames for engagement by the user in performing exercises, and an at least partially flexible connecting linkage translates movement of the user engagement device to rotational movement of the user support frame. The connecting linkage includes at least two axially spaced winding portions mounted for rotation about a common cam axis. A load resists movement of at least one of the user support, user engagement device, and connecting linkage.

Abstract: A physical exercising machine includes a base and a carrier, a lever attached to the carrier and inclined relative to the carrier and the base, a pivotal coupling mechanism pivotally coupled between the base and the carrier for horizontally moving the carrier and the user up and down relative to the base, a follower slidably engaged with the base and the lever for moving the platform and the user up and down relative to the base when the follower is moved along the base and along the inclined lever, and a cable coupled to the follower and having two end portions for being pulled by the user and for moving the follower to engage with the lever and to move the platform and the user up and down relative to the base.

Abstract: A physical exercising machine includes a carrier having a platform to support a user, a lever attached to the carrier and inclined relative to the carrier and the base, a pivotal coupling mechanism pivotally coupled between the base and the carrier for horizontally moving the carrier and the user up and down relative to the base, a follower slidably engaged with the base and the lever for moving the platform and the user up and down relative to the base when the follower is moved along the inclined lever, and a cable coupled to the follower and having two end portions engaged through two openings of the platform for being pulled by the user and for actuating the follower to move the platform and the user up and down relative to the base.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a portable therapeutic exercise device and more particularly a convenient exercise device, which is particularly adapted for restoring and/or maintaining the range of motion of post-operative patients and also having general therapeutic use. The disclosed device has several significant and novel improvements over prior art devices. Several improvements have resulted in a device which is much easier and less expensive to produce, lighter, more convenient to transport and to store. The device has a lightweight base frame, and a moveable carriage connected thereto. A plurality of elastic members couple the base to the carriage to supply resistant force while in operation.

Abstract: An exercise cycle includes a base frame having front and rear wheels and a seat slidably mounted thereon. A pair of pivotal foot pedals operate a steering mechanism to turn the front wheels toward the left or right. Between the foot pedals is a vertical support bar having a drive pawl at an upper end with a cable spirally wrapped thereabout. A handle affixed to the distal end of the cable is accessible by a rider resting in the seat. A drive chain encompasses a gear on a side of the pawl and a similar gear on the rear wheel axle. Accordingly, a rider sits on the seat, grasps the handle and places the feet on the foot pedals. By pushing with the legs and simultaneously pulling the cable, the rider propels the cycle while simulating the workout typically provided by a rowing machine.

Abstract: One embodiment of a lateral roll simulating assembly is provided which is adapted to attach to existing rowing exercise machines. It permits the user to experience various levels of physiological disequilibrium when a lack of proper balance control induces a sideways tipping action during a rowing workout. This facilitates the desirable and advantageous development of correct proprioceptive balance response using appropriate core musculature while practicing the rowing motion on a suspended rowing exercise machine. The apparatus comprises two floor-mounted members secured to each end of a rowing exercise machine that support the rowing exercise machine in a suspended condition. This assembly simulates lateral instability around the metacenter of any of a variety of rowing shells on water by allowing the rowing exercise machine to roll freely around a variety of longitudinal axes. Other embodiments are described and shown.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for controlling and/or regulating a training and/or rehabilitation unit, the device comprising at least one training and/or rehabilitation unit, a sensor unit having a sensor for determining oxygen concentration and for determining carbon dioxide concentration, a control unit for the sensors, a microcontroller in the control unit for controlling the heating power of heating elements of the sensors, depending on breath flow volume, for maintaining constant sensor temperatures, and a resistance and/or braking arrangement of the training and/or rehabilitation unit that can be controlled and/or regulated based on the breath gas composition determined by the sensor unit. Said device can be used to increase endurance, preferably by means of altitude training.

Abstract: Among other things, a rowing exercise method includes enabling a combination of a force applied to a movable handle and a force applied to a movable foot rest to work against a resistance device and to permit relative motion of the footrest and the resistance device.

Abstract: An exercise device for exercising a person's body is provided. The exercise device comprises a frame having a first side rail, a second side rail substantially perpendicular to the first side rail, a front rail between the first side rail and the second side rail, and a rear rail opposite the front rail and between the first side rail and the second side rail. A front axle is mounted to the front rail and a rear axle is mounted to the first side rail and the second side rail adjacent the rear rail. A wheel is rotatably attached to each end of each axle. A handlebar is pivotally mounted to and between the first side rail and the second side rail. A propelling gear is rotatably mounted on the handlebar between the first side rail and the second side rail with the gear rotatable in only one direction. A freewheel/gear system is mounted on the rear axle and a rotatable gear is mounted to the front rail.

Abstract: A multi-station exercise machine in one embodiment comprises at least two exercise stations for performing different exercises, at least one of the stations having a main frame, a user support frame pivotally associated with the main frame, a user engagement device movably mounted on one of the frames for actuating by a user in order to perform an exercise, and a connecting linkage which links movement of the user engagement device to movement of the user support. A load provides resistance to movement of the user support frame, user engagement device and/or connecting linkage. The connecting linkage, user support pivot, and user engagement device mount are arranged so that movement of the user engagement device results in self-aligning movement of the user support. The other station may have a fixed user support or a moving user support.

Abstract: Featured is a rowing simulation machine including a single base having a first pair of spaced apart rails; a carriage having a second pair of spaced apart rails and engaged with the first pair of rails and moveable therealong in a generally horizontal translation; a seat engaged with the second pair of rails and moveable therealong in a generally horizontal translation. Also included is an energy dissipating unit fixed to the carriage. The energy dissipating unit includes a frame for supporting a flywheel, the flywheel being rotatably mounted on a flywheel shaft; a handle; a drive device connected to the handle, for converting a translation of the handle into a flywheel rotation; and a take up device for rewinding and maintaining a predetermined tension on the drive device. The carriage includes a foot rest assembly disposed therein between the second pair of spaced apart rails.

Abstract: Gymnastic machine (1) includes a frame (10), a slide (20) carried movable by the frame (10) along a given direction (D) from and to a starting station (30), with the slide (20) being suitable for coupling with a first limb in such a way as to guide it along the given direction (D) and to enable, in use, to control a scissor movement of the first limb with respect to a second limb retained at the starting station (30).

Abstract: A leg press machine has a floor engaging main frame, a user support pivotally mounted relative to the main frame and having primary and secondary support portions which support spaced locations on a user's body throughout an exercise, and a leg press exercise arm rotatably mounted relative to the main frame. The exercise arm has a first pivot connection which pivotally links the exercise arm to the user support and a second pivot connection which is associated with the main frame to link movement of the exercise arm to movement of the user support. A load resists movement of at least one of the moving parts.

Abstract: A folding exercise rowing or sculling machine has left and right fold-down oar assemblies, each formed of an arm hinged to the side of the frame, and a pivot at the end of the arm on which the oar and oarlock are mounted. A cam plate at a lower end of the pivot pulls a cable that drives the sprocket wheel of a flywheel mounted to the rear or proximal of the frame. The oar assemblies fold to rearward, with the cam wheels fitting in a space between the flywheel and the frame. Multiplier pulley assemblies couple the power cable and elastic cords to a drive chain that is wound around the sprocket.

Abstract: A recumbent exerciser includes a base, a right link and a left link are pivotably connected to the base and a right cam and a left cam are connected to the right link and the left link respectively. A right pedal and a left pedal are connected to two respective top ends of the right link and the left link, and a right swinging arm and a left swinging arm are connected to the right link and the left link. A resistance unit provides resistance to the right and left pedals and the right left swinging arms when the right and left cams are driven by operation of the user so as to exercise the user's hands and legs. The resistance unit is located remote from the seat so that the seat does not need to remove to maintain the resistance unit and the cams.

Abstract: A training machine includes a seat assembly, a loading device, and a positioning device. The seat assembly includes a transverse main tube fitted to an elongated rail of the loading device. The seat assembly is provided with rollers to help the seat assembly having a smooth movement on the rail. The positioning device is able to fix the seat assembly to any desired position of the rail of the loading device. The present invention further provides a swinging device with two handles to be operated by users for arm training.

Abstract: A rowing trainer includes a frame, and a seat affixed to the frame. A sliding rigger, which supports an oar assembly, is movable back and forth along the frame. The oars are indirectly connected to a cord which passes around at least one pulley, and which turns a flywheel. Neither the flywheel nor the seat translates relative to the frame. The only component which translates is the rigger and the associated oar assembly. The device closely simulates the experience of rowing an actual boat or scull.

Abstract: An exercise machine has a stand, a linking assembly, an elastic member, a seat, two handles, two pedals and two wheels. The linking assembly is mounted pivotally on the stand. The elastic member is connected to the stand and the linking assembly. The seat is mounted on the stand. The handles, the pedals and the wheels are attached to the linking assembly. The handles are operated against the elastic members and the linking assembly moves to drive an exerciser's legs to stretch out. Therefore, the exercise machine provides the exerciser to train the muscles of the arms and the legs synchronously.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating sculling or rowing on water includes a support frame with foot rests, a sliding seat, bilateral oars that are rotationally coupled to a set of actuators, integrated input velocity and torque sensors, computer and computer display. Each actuator incorporates a mechanical transmission, a rotational inertial mass, a variable linear and a variable non-linear damping element. The damping elements can be controlled manually or automatically by computer programs under user control.

Abstract: Principles of exercise machine construction, an exercise machine, components of an exercise machine, and methods related to exercising on or constructing an exercise machine that allows for the performance of multiple different exercises, where the user utilizes related arcs of an arm with a fixed path of motion for the different exercises. Generally the arcs will be utilized for both pull-type exercises and push-type exercises and/or for diverging and converging exercises.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to rowing machines, and, more particularly, to such rowing machines with internal environments that duplicate actual Olympic-class rowing shells in terms of both dimensions and appearance, and simulate the specific rowing motion and technique that occurs on the water.

Abstract: An exercise machine that enables a user to perform a variety of repetitive exercises in reclined, sitting and standing positions. The machine permits a user to perform exercises not possible on a traditional Pilates Reformer machine. The machine includes a frame with parallel side rails formed of extrusions, with a carriage that is mounted for rolling movement along the frame. A plurality of tension springs are selectively detachable/attachable to the end of the frame, to allow the user to decrease/increase the tension on the carriage. Angularly adjustable crossbars are mounted at both the head and foot ends of the frame, as are stationary platforms for the user's feet and/or hands; in addition, a raised transverse bar is mounted at the head end of the rolling platform. The combination of platforms and bars enables the user to perform a variety of exercises in standing positions. The frame includes legs that raise the side rails above the floor.

Abstract: An exercise device configured to sense and respond to objects in proximity to the exercise device is provided. The device includes a sensor configured to sense objects in proximity to the exercise device other than the user who is operating the exercise device. A console is in communication with the sensor that instructs components of the treadmill to provide, for example, an audible and/or visual response to the user of the exercise device, or to slow or stop the exercise device from moving. Sensors that are capable of sensing whether objects are within different spatial zones of proximity are disclosed. Multiple pre-defined and/or user-defined responses to objects detected in multiple corresponding spatial zones of proximity are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an exercise device that is lightweight and easy to transport, and is particularly effective in improving neuromuscular/proprioceptive coordination, balance and core strength. The exercise device draws on the well known physical fitness benefits of canoe and kayak paddling, and at the same time is a device that can be used in a gym, home, office, or at any land site desired. The exercise device of the present invention comprises a pole that can be grasped in two hands similar to grasping a canoe or kayak paddle. A yoke is positioned at one end of the pole. A roller is held axially in the yoke. A variable resistance brake controls the ease with which the roller is able to rotate within the yoke. An adjustment means may be positioned on the pole that allows the user of the device to control the variable resistance.

Abstract: A rowing or mid-row exercise machine has a main frame and a user support frame pivotally mounted relative to the main frame for rotation between start and end positions. The user support frame supports spaced positions on a user's body in the same relative orientation throughout an exercise movement. A user engagement device is movably mounted relative to the frames and has at least one handle gripped by the user in performing exercises. The handle is movable in a predetermined rowing exercise path between a start position spaced in front of a user's chest and an end position closer to the chest. A connecting linkage translates movement of the user engagement device to rotational movement of the user support frame. A load resists movement of at least one of the user support, user engagement device, and connecting linkage.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to rowing machines, and, more particularly, to such rowing machines with internal environments that duplicate actual Olympic-class rowing shells in terms of both dimensions and appearance, and simulate the specific rowing motion and technique that occurs on the water.

Abstract: An exercise machine has a main frame and a user support frame pivotally mounted relative to the main frame for rotation about a user support pivot axis between start and end positions. The user support frame has at least a primary support and a secondary support for supporting spaced positions on a user's body throughout an exercise movement. The user support pivot axis is spaced below at least one of the supports in at least one of the exercise start and end positions. A user engagement device is movably mounted relative to the frames for engagement by the user in performing exercises, and a multiple part connecting linkage translates movement of the user engagement device to rotational movement of the user support frame. A load resists movement of at least one of the user support, user engagement device, and connecting linkage.

Abstract: A recumbent exerciser includes a base, a right link and a left link are pivotably connected to the base and a right cam and a left cam are connected to the right link and the left link respectively. A right pedal and a left pedal are connected to two respective top ends of the right link and the left link, and a right swinging arm and a left swinging arm are connected to the right link and the left link. A resistance unit provides resistance to the right and left pedals and the right left swinging arms when the right and left cams are driven by operation of the user so as to exercise the user's hands and legs. The resistance unit is located remote from the seat so that the seat does not need to remove to maintain the resistance unit and the cams.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes a frame and handles mounted on the frame and moveable by a user in opposite directions. The handles are coupled to a transmission so that movement of the handles by a user create rotational movement of a transmission input, movement of the handles in one direction creating rotational movement of the transmission input in one direction and movement of the handles in the opposite direction creating rotational movement of the transmission input in the opposite direction. The transmission couples the transmission input to a resistance means, such as an eddy current resistance device, in a manner to provide a different resistance to rotation of the transmission input depending upon the direction of rotation of the transmission input. Thus, the resistance to rotational movement of the transmission input in one rotational direction is greater than it is in the opposite rotational direction.

Abstract: Footwear including a support member having an upper surface attachable to a foot, and two bulbous protuberances, a forward bulbous protuberance and rearward bulbous protuberance, each having a curved outer contour, protruding from a lower surface of the support member on opposite sides of a latitudinal midline thereof, and wherein at least one of the protuberances is offset from the centerline of the support member.

Abstract: The rowing massage machine has a base frame, a footrest, a rowing mechanism and a massage device. The base frame has a base. The footrest is mounted on a front end of the base. The rowing mechanism is mounted on the base and has a chair and at least one rowing resilient element. The chair has a seat and a backrest having longitudinal slits. The rowing resilient element is mounted between the footrest and the rowing mechanism. The massage device has four body massaging wheels and at least one massaging resilient element. The massaging rolling wheels are rotatably mounted on rods connected to the base and are respectively mounted through the slits of the chair. The massaging resilient element is mounted between the rowing mechanism and the massage device. When an operator sits on the chair to exercise, he/her receives a foot, back and upper leg massage.

Abstract: The subject invention provides an upper body exercise machine with increased joint range of motion along with more consistently applied torque to the joint throughout the entire range of exercise. The exercise machine includes dual axis, dual hinge mechanisms enabling a user emulate the natural biomechanical motion associated with free weights, while maintaining the stability of an exercise machine and providing more consistent loading than free weights. The dual axis, dual hinge mechanisms permit the handles to be independently or in combination moved longitudinally and laterally in a relationship selected by the user.

Abstract: An exercise machine has a main frame, a user support frame which supports a user in an exercise position, and a multiple pivot assembly pivotally mounting the user support frame for movement between a start position and an end position. The pivot assembly has multiple pivots which define a theoretical pivot axis of the user support pivotal movement and a vertical gravitational center line which extends through the theoretical pivot axis. The user support frame has at least a primary support and a secondary support for supporting spaced positions on a user's body throughout an exercise movement. A user engagement device is movably mounted relative to the frames for engagement by the user in performing exercises, and a multiple part connecting linkage translates movement of the user engagement device to rotational movement of the user support frame. A load resists movement of at least one of the user support, user engagement device, and connecting linkage.

Abstract: A handle for an exercise machine, e.g. a rowing machine, which is mounted on an end of a connecting linkage, e.g. chain, strap or cord, which extends along an axis of force application in the exercise machine. The handle includes first and second arm structures pivotally connected at their ends to a mounting bracket, which is attached to the connecting linkage. Handgrips are mounted on an the outer free ends of the first and second arm structures for pulling towards the users body, while separating the first and second arms apart, thereby replicating actual rowing strokes. Preferably, the handle is adjustable to various positions to replicate various rowing styles, e.g. conventional or crossover.

Abstract: An exercise device is provided for simulating the paddling of a watercraft in order to provide a user with both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. In one aspect, an elongate rod is provided having a first assembly coupled to a distal end of the elongate rod. The first assembly can have at least two degrees of freedom and can be configured for selectively attaching to a resistance source. In another aspect, the device further can have a second assembly attached to a proximal end of the elongate rod. The second assembly can have at least two degrees of freedom and can be configured for selectively attaching to a resistance source.

Abstract: Systems and techniques to mount equipment in a watertight fashion to a wall. A watertight mount includes a mounting base including a flange and a socket having an interior surface including mating threads. The mount may include a base plate coupled with the mounting base, the base plate defining an opening through which the socket passes. The mount may also include a gasket coupled between the base plate and the mounting base, the gasket defining an opening through which the socket passes, and the base plate may be releasably coupled with the mounting base through a spa wall. The base plate may be coupled with the mounting base using a connector, such as a nut defining a threaded hole that matches securing threads on an exterior surface of a barrel shaped socket in the mounting base.

Abstract: Exercise apparatus (10) for training the abdominal muscles of a user (41) comprises a lever frame (11) linked to a support frame (12) at a pivot (13). The lever frame (11) has first and second arms (14, 15) joined at a central junction (16) which also forms a fulcrum for the lever frame (11). The support frame (12) consists of a base member (19) having a seat portion (21) associated therewith. The apparatus (10) is adapted to support a user (41) in a half-kneeling position so as to promote neutral pelvic alignment during the performance of abdominal muscle training exercise. In use, the exercise apparatus (10) is operated by the user (41) pushing the first arm (14) away from his or her body so as to cause the lever frame (11) to rotate about its fulcrum (16). This lifts the second arm (15), which in turn causes the seat portion (21) associated with the base member (19) to lift and/or tilt. The user's abdominal muscles are thus exercised in lifting his or her own body mass.

Abstract: The present invention is an exercise device of the rowing machine type, which may impose both flexion and extension forces against motion of a user with respect to the seat and/or arms of the exercise device. Rotation of the seat about a pitch axis may be provided to allow a user to impose forces against the seat pan more comfortably in opposition to seat travel flexion resistance, while rotationally free grips may allow the user to maintain proper orientation of the hands and wrists during exercise using the exercise device. Other improvements are discussed in the detailed description of the invention above.

Abstract: An exercise device designed to work the abdominal and oblique muscle groups. The abdominal exerciser comprises a carriage connected to a frame by a swing-arm that allows the carriage to swing along an arcuate path. In some embodiments, the carriage is connected to the frame by non-parallel first and second swing-arms. The carriage is adjustable so as to accommodate users of different sizes and to isolate different abdominal muscle groups. The abdominal exerciser device is designed to simulate an abdominal exercise “crunch” motion when the knees are brought within proximity of an upper body support.

Abstract: One embodiment of a lateral roll simulating assembly is provided which is adapted to attach to existing rowing exercise machines. It permits the user to experience various levels of physiological disequilibrium when a lack of proper balance control induces a sideways tipping action during a rowing workout. This facilitates the desirable and advantageous development of correct proprioceptive balance response using appropriate core musculature while practicing the rowing motion on a suspended rowing exercise machine. The apparatus comprises two floor-mounted members secured to each end of a rowing exercise machine that support the rowing exercise machine in a suspended condition. This assembly simulates lateral instability around the metacenter of any of a variety of rowing shells on water by allowing the rowing exercise machine to roll freely around a variety of longitudinal axes. Other embodiments are described and shown.

Abstract: A rowing machine on which a user simulates a rowing or sculling motion. The machine imparts a resistance to the rowing or sculling motion. The machine comprises a substantially horizontal frame having a fore end and an aft end, a seat moveably mounted on the frame, foot rest means for positioning the user's feet, a flywheel, a pair of outriggers mounted to the frame and extending laterally from said frame. Each outrigger is adapted to pivotally support a rowing oar at or near its free end. Each oar is connected to the flywheel via a drive assembly. The flywheel is mounted at or near the fore end of said frame and said flywheel has an axis of rotation that is disposed substantially vertically.

Abstract: A standing exercise device foldable between operative and storage positions includes a base on which a non-sitting user at least partially stands during a variety of pushing or pulling exercises. A lever is pivotally connected to the base and a mechanism providing adjustable resistance for pushing or pulling exercises connects the base and lever. A handle bar assembly is pivotally connected to and extends upwardly from the lever.

Abstract: A rowing trainer includes a frame, and a seat affixed to the frame. A sliding rigger, which supports an oar assembly, is movable back and forth along the frame. The oars are indirectly connected to a cord which passes around at least one pulley, and which turns a flywheel. Neither the flywheel nor the seat translates relative to the frame. The only component which translates is the rigger and the associated oar assembly. The device closely simulates the experience of rowing an actual boat or scull.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus is disclosed, which comprises a pedestal, a seat supported by the pedestal, and at least two handle members mounted to opposing sides of the pedestal, to be gripped generally at their top end by a user oriented relative to the seat. The pedestal has a curved base for permitting rocking movement of the pedestal about a substantially intermediate axis, generally orthogonal to opposing sides on which the handle members are placed. The handle members preferably include bar-shaped structures hinged to the pedestal via respective ball joints.