Abstract: A coating composition, coating glass and a method for preparation thereof, and a cooking appliance including the coating class are described. The coating composition includes a coating material and a heat conductive oxide nano powder that is 5 to 10 wt % with respect to a weight of the coating material. The coating composition provides an excellent infrared reflective function, a high transmittance, and an excellent cleaning performance.

Abstract: A process for preparing a surface of an optical article to improve light reflection and light transmission properties while conserving mechanical properties as durability and scratch resistance of the surface. A blank film is deposited on a base article. The film is post processed to convert a flat surface into near close packed array of near hemispherical protuberances. The conversion done in 2 steps. First the film is scratched to honeycomb pattern. Second the article is annealed. The anneal causes sequential transformation of flat film into the array. The transformation starts from scratch lines and go to a center of each honeycomb island cell. It is driven by dewetting phenomena. Characteristic size of the protuberances is controlled by initial film thickness. For low reflectivity of visible light, the initial blanket film is near 150 nm thick.

Abstract: Gaseous combustion products from a glassmelting furnace after being passed through a regenerator are used to heat glassmaking feed material and pyrolyze organic material on the feed material. Gaseous pyrolysis products and the combustion products are combined with reforming fuel and passed through a regenerator heated in a previous cycle to form syngas which is fed into the furnace and combusted.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing glass raw material granules which are less likely to be formed into fine powders which cause a change of the glass composition at a time of forming a glass melt or defects of glass, and which can be preferably used for producing glass. A process for producing glass raw material granules, which comprises a granulation step of adding boric acid to either one of or both of a glass raw material powder and an alkaline solution having a pH of at least 9 and mixing the glass raw material powder together with the alkaline solution. The glass raw material powder preferably contains at least 10 mass % of boric acid.

Abstract: A charging load and a method of making the same wherein the charging load includes at least three diverse mineral raw materials in pre-selected percentages, the charging load being transformable into an aluminosilicate glass product by heating to a temperature of at least 1,200° C. and being a mass of structurally stabilized individual beads, where each of the beads is a composite of the at least three diverse mineral raw materials made non-friable by a partial sintering process, each bead of the mass containing a homogeneous mixture of ground and sized particles of the at least three diverse mineral raw materials, where the particles have a controlled maximum particle size of less than 30 microns and are mixed in each of the beads at the pre-selected percentages.

Abstract: Provided is a mineral wool that includes recycled material. The mineral wool is characterized by an acid to base ratio within a specified range. Also provided is a method of manufacturing the mineral wool that includes selection of post-consumer or post-industrial recyclable materials. Application of the mineral wool to products such as an acoustical ceiling panel is also provided.

Abstract: Granules of a glass raw material mixture, for producing alkali-free glass containing substantially no alkali metal oxides, such that the glass composition of glass obtained from the granules comprises, as represented by mol % based on oxides, 60-75 mol % of SiO2, 5-15 mol % of Al2O3, 1-9 mol % of B2O3, 0-15 mol % of MgO, 0-20 mol % of CaO, 0-12 mol % of SrO and 0-21 mol % of BaO, provided that the total of CaO, SrO and BaO is more than 0, and in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the granules obtained by means of a CuK? ray, when the diffraction peak area of quartz (100) in a range of 2? being 19.85-21.71 degrees is taken as 1, the total of the relative values of the diffraction peak areas of strontium borate hydrate, calcium borate hydrate and barium borate hydrate, is at least 0.005.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing granules, wherein a component in an exhaust gas discharged from a glass melting furnace can be reused as a raw material for alkali-free glass, and a heating and drying step is not required for the reuse. Exhaust gas G1 formed in a process for melting a raw material of glass containing a boron component is brought in contact with contacting liquids L1 and L2 to obtain treated liquids S1, S2 and S3 having the boron component in the exhaust gas G1 dissolved therein; magnesium hydroxide is added to the mixture of the treated liquids in a treated liquid tank 14 to obtain a liquid containing a boron component and a magnesium component; by using the liquid, a granulation liquid is prepared; and in the presence of the granulation liquid, a raw material mixture for producing alkali-free borosilicate glass is granulated to produce granules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pellets for use in the manufacture of glass.

Abstract: Provided are a glass composition, preparation method thereof, and cooking appliance including the glass composition. The glass composition includes a glass frit containing P2O5, a Group I-based oxide, and a Group III-based oxide. The Group I-based oxide is selected from Na2O, K2O, and Li2O, the Group III-based oxide is selected from Al2O3 and B2O3, and the glass frit contains about 40 wt % to about 75 wt % of P2O5.

Abstract: An unbonded loosefill insulation material formed from a glass batch is provided. The glass batch comprises, in weight percent: 62.0-69.0% of SiO2, 0.0-4.0% of Al2O3, 7.0-12.0% of CaO, 0.0-5.0% of MgO, 3.0-14.0% of B2O3, 13.0-18.0% of Na2O and 0.0-3.0% of K2O. The unbonded loosefill insulation material is configured for distribution in a blowing insulation machine.

Abstract: An integrated dental porcelain system for making dental prostheses and restorations is provided. The system includes three universal major components: a) opaque porcelain composition; b) pressable dentin ingot; and c) veneering porcelain composition that can be used interchangeably for making restorations. Techniques for making the prostheses and restorations include porcelain fused-to-metal (PFM), press-to-metal (PTM), and either pressed and/or machined all-ceramic methods. The system uses both a hand-layering of veneering porcelain (PFM technique) and a hot-pressing process (PTM and all-ceramic technique) to fabricate the prostheses and restorations.

Abstract: The invention is to processes for producing a nanoglass powder batches and to powder batches formed by such processes. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of providing a precursor medium comprising a first metal oxide precursor to a first metal oxide, a second metal oxide precursor to a second metal oxide, and a liquid vehicle; and flame spraying the precursor medium under conditions effective to form aggregated nanoglass particles comprising the first and second metal oxides, wherein the aggregated nanoglass particles have an average primary particle size of from 25 nm to 500 nm. The aggregated nanoglass particles preferably have an average aggregate particle size of from 50 nm to 1000 nm and may be amorphous or crystalline.

Abstract: The subject invention is directed to a method for producing a raw material or materials that can be used by themselves or in combination with other ingredients to make glass of high quality at high efficiencies and short production times. The raw materials are capable of high reactivity in a glass melting furnace and therefore will allow glass to be produced either at lower temperatures or shorter residence times at the same temperatures as compared with known methods.

Abstract: Precursor materials and methods of making are disclosed. The precursor materials include at least one of a silica source, and a carbon source, with or without liquid and a binder The methods described include pyrolyzing the precursor material to form a carbonaceous mixture and heat treating the mixture for a pre-determined time and at an elevated temperature during which carbon and/or nitrogen react with silica in the mixture to form carbides and/or nitrides. The carbides and nitrides formed from said methods may be used as blowing agents in a glass, ceramic, or metal forming processes or for promoting dispersion of the carbides and nitrides throughout a glass, ceramic, or metal composite.

Abstract: A solid state particle agglomerate and method for producing the solid state particle agglomerate are provided. The alkaline earth metal source material, aluminum source material and silicon source material that comprise the solid state particle agglomerate are uniformly distributed and in close proximity within the solid state particle agglomerate, enabling the solid state particle agglomerate to form glass in a more energy efficient manner when heated.

Abstract: A process for preparing and storing moist glass-making batch is disclosed, comprising incorporating a surfactant in moist batch so that when the batch is either: a) stored at a temperature below 35° C., it remains free flowing without setting, or b) pre-heated at, or above, 100° C. before supply to a glass melting furnace, it remains free flowing without setting. The moist batch includes from 2% to 10% by weight free water and from 0.0001% to 5% by weight surfactant, which is preferably a soluble soap (for example a carboxylate having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms in its chain) that is incorporated into the batch as it is mixed. The moist batch can be stored for at least 24 hours, and it can be pre-heated to at least 150° C., and remain free flowing without setting.

Abstract: The invention is to processes for producing a nanoglass powder batches and to powder batches formed by such processes. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of providing a precursor medium comprising a first metal oxide precursor to a first metal oxide, a second metal oxide precursor to a second metal oxide, and a liquid vehicle; and flame spraying the precursor medium under conditions effective to form aggregated nanoglass particles comprising the first and second metal oxides, wherein the aggregated nanoglass particles have an average primary particle size of from 25 nm to 500 nm. The aggregated nanoglass particles preferably have an average aggregate particle size of from 50 nm to 1000 nm and may be amorphous or crystalline.

Abstract: Pellets encapsulating selenium or a compound of selenium comprise one hollow cavity filled with the selenium surrounded by a matrix which is able to form an eutectic with at least one of the constituents of a batch of molten raw materials for the manufacture of glass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of glass. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the production of glass utilizing processes of reacting materials in a glass furnace in either a batch mode or a continuous process. These reactions affect the thermodynamics and other characteristics of the glass-forming reaction. The present invention additionally relates to compositions which are useful in such reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides an opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, the glass component comprising by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO2. The invention also provides a method of using the color concentrate.

Abstract: A forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 50% to about 95% of a glass component and from about 4% to about 50% of a binder, said glass component comprising by weight from about 15% to about 35% chromium oxide. The present invention further provides a method of using the color concentrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of glass. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for the production of glass utilizing processes of reacting materials in a glass furnace in either a batch mode or a continuous process. These reactions affect the thermodynamics and other characteristics of the glass-forming reaction. The present invention additionally relates to compositions which are useful in such reactions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which coarse silica, calcium oxides and magnesium oxides are treated in a ball mill together with grinding aids and cold-strength binders. This material is then agglomerated with water to produce a product that reacts at elevated temperatures, e.g. in a fluidized bed reactor, to produce synthetic silicates.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a glass batch. The method involves use of a calcium magnesium silicate as a batch component substitution for a lithium melting aid. The amount used is effective to produce a beneficial viscosity character and reduced batch free time.

Abstract: A synthetic silicate pellet is provided having component of calcium and magnesium, either together or in the alternative. Such pellet is further provided with either an aluminate silicate binder and/or an ion flow catalyst. The synthetic silicate pellet has use as a glass batch component.

Abstract: A synthetic silicate pellet is provided having a component(s) of calcium and magnesium, either together or in the alternative. Such pellet is further provided with either an aluminate silicate binder and/or an ion flow catalyst. The synthetic silicate pellet has use as a glass batch component.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing a synthetic silicate. The method is advantageous in providing material useful in glass making. Such method involves the reaction of calcium oxides and magnesium oxides, water and sodium silicates. The glass formation is performed at a lower temperature than usual and performed with a lower amount of volatile gas release. Less cristobalite formation in the glass occurs. The synthetic silicate produced can be a cylindrical pellet.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing a synthetic silicate. The method is advantageous in providing material useful in glass making. Such method involves the reaction of calcium oxides and magnesium oxides, water and sodium silicates. The glass formation is performed at a lower temperature than usual and performed with a lower amount of volatile gas release. Less cristobalite formation in the glass occurs. The synthetic silicate produced can be a cylindrical pellet.

Abstract: A synthetic silicate pellet is provided having component of calcium and magnesium, either together or in the alternative. Such pellet is further provided with either an aluminate silicate binder and/or an ion flow catalyst. The synthetic silicate pellet has use as a glass batch component.

Abstract: A silica glass composition and a method for manufacturing silica glass using the silica glass composition are provided. The silica glass composition includes: pyrogenetic silica having an average particle diameter of 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 1.times.10.sup.-1 .mu.m and a specific surface area of 50 to 400 m.sup.2 /g; and heat-treated silica, as an agglomerate of the pyrogenetic silica, having an average diameter of 2 to 15 .mu.m and a specific surface area less than that of the pyrogenetic silica. A high purity silica glass tube, in which cracking after drying rarely occurs and the shrinking ratio is remarkably decreased, can be obtained by using the silica glass composition according to the present invention. Also, a large silica glass tube can be manufactured by using the composition.

Abstract: A method of processing material for use in production of rock wool, comprises providing the material in finely divided form; mixing the finely divided material with a fibrous binding agent; and forming the mixture into solid blocks. The resulting blocks (lacking fines) are in a form suitable for use in the production of rock wool, and may be fed to a smelting furnace, together with other ingredients as appropriate, for processing in conventional manner. In one preferred embodiment, the material is waste rock wool, such as spent hydroponic growth medium or shot. By use of the invention, shot which has hitherto constituted a waste material can be recycled and reused in the production of rock wool, thus obviating the waste disposal problem and improving the overall efficiency of the rock wool production process. The invention also covers the resulting solid blocks and a method of producing rock wool using the blocks.

Abstract: A method for controlling chemical distribution of substances in a solid state (and products produced thereby), the method comprising the steps of mixing particles of a first powder and a triggerable granule facilitator to form first microcapsules, the first microcapsules each having a core of one of the particles and a cladding of the facilitator; and triggering the facilitator while dry mixing the microcapsules to form substantially spherical granules of the microcapsules, the granules each having a controlled chemical distribution.The method also includes the steps of mixing particles of a second powder with the facilitator to form second microcapsules, the second microcapsules each having a core of one of the particles of the second powder and a cladding of the facilitator; and then mixing the first and the second microcapsules prior to said triggering step.

Abstract: A granular product for use as a raw material for glass manufacture is composed of at least one alkaline earth metal silicate intimately admixed with at least one alkali metal carbonate or hydroxide. Glass containing fewer gas bubble inclusions and undissolved-particle defects can be produced more readily.

Abstract: The present invention provides free-flowing chemically resistant color granulates that are heat resistant and color stable in aggressive media. The color granulates comprise 20-94.8% by weight coloring bodies, 5-75% by weight of one or more frits, 0.220% by weight binder and 0.03-15% by weight organosilanes and/or polyorganosiloxanes. The glass frit comprises by weight 20-90% SiO.sub.2 +B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-6% Na.sub.2 O+Li.sub.2 O, 0-6% K.sub.2 O, 10-25% CaO+MgO+ SrO, 0-35% TiO.sub.2 +ZrO.sub.2, 0-40% Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 +P.sub.2 O.sub.5 +V.sub.2 O.sub.5 +MoO.sub.3 +WO.sub.3 and 0-10% ZnO.

Abstract: A process for producing granulated strontium carbonate in which strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide or hydrated strontium hydroxide, and optionally water, is added as the binder and is granulated and dried simultaneously or in any desired sequence. In a preferred embodiment, the material to be granulated or the granulated material does not come into contact with any inorganic refractory material during any of the process steps. The resulting strontium carbonate obtained according to the process is free of added foreign ions and, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, also free of inorganic refractory materials, and is suitable for use, for example, as the basic material in the manufacture of glass.

Abstract: A non-melted, non-powder concentrated colorant material consists essentially of a flux that is not over 30% by weight of an alkali metal borate, a binder that is an alkali metal silicate and 35-60% V.sub.2 O.sub.5. The flux, binder and colorant oxide constitute at least 90% of the composition. A method of producing a black glass-ceramic material comprises forming the colorant material into particles and adding the particles to a precursor glass for the glass-ceramic while the glass is passing through the forehearth of a glass tank in a molten state.

Abstract: A briquette batch is prepared from a mixture of glass raw materials containing not only sodium hydroxide as a binder, but also calcined plaster.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing free flowing powders of nonpigmentary titanium dioxide granular aggregates. The process comprises the providing of dried preforms of flocculated pigmentary titanium dioxide and the comminution thereof to powders of granular aggregates of enhanced bulk density and predetermined particle size.

Abstract: A process for making a homogeneous melt for producing mineral wool insulation. This insulating material is made from waste products namely, bottom ash, cement kiln dust, slag, and waste from mineral wool production. These materials, along with a binder, are homogenized into a mixture. Thereafter, the process includes briquetting the mixture into agglomerated pieces. The agglomerates are then melted in a cupola furnace and the molten agglomerate is discharged into a receiver. Hot combustion gases are then passed into the melt or molten agglomerate to chemically homogenize the melt and heat the melt to preselected temperature. Thereafter, the melt is converted into fibers using conventional practices.

Abstract: A process for making a homogeneous melt for producing mineral wool insulation. This insulating material is made from waste products namely, bottom ash, cement kiln dust, slag, and waste from mineral wool production. These materials, along with a binder, are homogenized into a mixture. Thereafter, the process includes briquetting the mixture into agglomerated pieces. The agglomerates are then melted in a cupola furnace and the molten agglomerate is discharged into a receiver. Hot combustion gases are then passed into the melt or molten agglomerate to chemically homogenize the melt and heat the melt to a preselected temperature. Thereafter, the melt is converted into fibers using conventional practices.

Abstract: An at least double silicate of an alkali metal and at least one other metal is prepared by interreacting (i) an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate and (ii) a solution of an oxide of such at least one other metal, or salt thereof, in the presence of (iii) a water-miscible polar organic liquid, whereby said at least double silicate is suspended in the organic reaction medium in insoluble and finely divided form. The separated product is an admirable glass-former.

Abstract: Layered glass batch pellets are produced in a continuous process which comprises the steps of:(a) maintaining in the pelletizing zone of a rotary apparatus a moving bed of recycle pellets,(b) feeding sand and particles of a calcium carbonate source into the pelletizing zone,(c) feeding a Na.sub.2 O source comprised of a solution of sodium hydroxide into the pelletizing zone, the recycle pellets being coated with a layer comprised of the solution of sodium hydroxide, the sand and the calcium carbonate source and forming layered pellets,(d) passing the layered pellets into a heated drying zone to form dried layered pellets, the dried layered pellets having a residual moisture content of from about 4 to about 12 percent by weight,(e) passing the dried layered pellets from the drying zone to a cycle zone,(f) recycling a portion of the dried layered pellets to the pelletizing zone as the recycle pellets, and(g) recovering a portion of the dried layered pellets from the recycle zone.

Abstract: A lead additive containing a lead oxide and an alkaline silicate which is resistant to dusting, abrasion and segregation. The weight ratio of lead to alkaline silicate, calculated as PbO and SiO.sub.2, respectively, is greater than about 95:5; the moisture content is less than or equal to about 2%; and the density is less than about 5 g/cm.sup.3.The process for producing these additives involve forming a paste of the lead oxide and alkaline silicate, conditioning the paste to form granules and heat treating the granules.

Abstract: Layered glass batch pellets are produced in a continuous process which comprises the steps of:(a) maintaining in the pelletizing zone of a rotary apparatus a moving bed of recycle pellets,(b) feeding sand and particles of a calcium carbonate source into the pelletizing zone,(c) feeding a Na.sub.2 O source comprised of a solution of sodium hydroxide into the pelletizing zone, the recycle pellets being coated with a layer comprised of the solution of sodium hydroxide, the sand and the calcium carbonate source and forming layered pellets,(d) passing the layered pellets into a heated drying zone to form dried layered pellets, the dried layered pellets having a residual moisture content of from about 4 to about 12 percent by weight,(e) passing the dried layered pellets from the drying zone to a recycle zone,(f) recycling a portion of the dried layered pellets to the pelletizing zone as the recycle pellets, and(g) recovering a portion of the dried layered pellets from the recycle zone.

Abstract: In a rotary apparatus and a process for the production of layered glass batch pellets there is provided a drying process and a dryer for final drying of the pellets prior to their being fed to a melting furnace. Relatively cool moist pellets are fed into a static bed-type dryer to form a uniformly distributed pellet bed while a heating and drying gas is directed into the dryer in such a manner that the gas flows countercurrent to the direction of travel of the pellets through the dryer to maintain a temperature differential between the gas and the surface of the solid pellets in the bed throughout the bed's entire height in the range of approximately 5.degree. F. to 120.degree. F. and, ideally, within approximately 50.degree. F.

Abstract: Method of producing a melt from rock materials in a cupola furnace which materials are charged as uniformly-shaped briquettes together with coke. In order to recue the content of CO in the exhaust and to increase the melting capacity of the furnace, the flow of combustion air related to the cross-section of the furnace is at least 60 Nm.sup.3 /m.sup.2 minute, and the briquettes having such a shape that a porosity in the combustion zone is more than 0.45.

Abstract: A method of rendering substantially seed-free glass is disclosed by incorporating into glass batch materials a carbide compound, such as silicon carbide. The compound may be present in concentrations as low as about 0.001 weight percent and as high as 0.025 weight percent of the total batch.

Abstract: The incorporation of an additive selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and boric acid into a glass batch pellet comprising uncalcined colemanite imparts to the pellets improved strength when heated to 1100.degree. F. (593.degree. C.).

Abstract: Layered glass batch pellets are produced in a continuous process which comprises the steps of:(a) maintaining in the pelletizing zone of a rotary apparatus a moving bed of recycle pellets,(b) feeding sand and particles of a calcium oxide source into the pelletizing zone,(c) feeding a solution of sodium hydroxide into the pelletizing zone, the recycle pellets being coated with a layer comprised of the solution of sodium hydroxide, the sand and the calcium oxide source and forming layered pellets,(d) passing the layered pellets into a heated drying zone exposed to an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide gas,(e) lifting the layered pellets to the upper part of the drying zone and releasing the layered pellets to separately fall through the drying zone,(f) simultaneously absorbing carbon dioxide onto the layered pellets while evaporating and removing water from the falling layered pellets to form dried layered pellets, the dried layered pellets having a residual moisture content of less than 15 percent by weight,