Abstract: A cryopump array is described. Each vane of the array is coated with a 3-dimensional adsorbing structure made up of an adhesive which is transparent to passage of gases to be pumped by adsorption and a plurality of pieces of an appropriate adsorbing material adhered on top of one another.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to modified porous solid supports and processes for the preparation and use of same. In particular, passivated porous polymeric supports are disclosed which are characterized by a reversible high sorptive capacity substantially unaccompanied by non-specific adsorption of or interaction with biomolecules. Passivation is achieved by use of a passivation mixture comprising a main monomer, a passivating monomer that is different from the main monomer, and a crosslinking agent, which mixture upon polymerization results in the substantial elimination of the undesirable non-specific interaction with biomolecules.

Abstract: A process for carrying out in a consecutive fashion different modes of chromatographic separation in a liquid chromatography column using a single separation medium is disclosed. Separation media for use in such multimodal separations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dry, particulate sorbent composition containing an organic absorbent, a combustible adsorbent, a water swellable polymer and a water soluble polymer is used to soak up and contain flammable liquids and to render the resulting product fire-safe by misting the product surface with water. Water contacting the polymers contained in the sorbent composition forms with those polymers a surface film which is resistant to the passage of combustible gases thus rendering the sorbed mass fire-safe even when briefly exposed to an open flame.

Abstract: A fuel absorbent is provided in which polymer particles having a fuel absorbing ability are contained or dispersed in a binder matrix permeable to fuel. The fuel permeates the binder and is absorbed by the polymer particles. A process is provided for making the fuel absorbent by mixing polymer particles having fuel absorbing ability with a binder dissolved in a solvent, to thereby obtain a dispersion mixture having the polymer particles dispersed therein. The dispersion mixture is then dried to cause the polymer particles to be dispersed in a matrix of the binder. The fuel absorbent has excellent durability and fuel absorbing/desorbing ability.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for synthesizing a reactive sulfur-containing adsorbent material for removing metals, preferably mercury, from hydrocarbon fluids. The method includes impregnating a porous polystyrene resin with elemental sulfur, and heating the impregnated resin/sulfur mixture to chemically fix the sulfur to the resin. The elemental sulfur may be in solid, liquid, or vapor phase under conditions of contact with the resin. Also disclosed is the reactive adsorbent synthesized by this method. Also, a process is disclosed for removing mercury from hydrocarbon fluids by using a reactive adsorbent of the invention.

Abstract: An oxidizable substance and/or a reducible substance is removed from a liquid, such as a liquid industrial waste, by treating the liquid with a composite comprising a fluorine-containing organic cation exchanger and a metal oxide or hydroxide, supported on the cation exchanger. The metal of the metal oxide or hydroxide is selected from manganese and elements of group 1B and group 8 of the periodic table. This treatment is carried out, if required, in the presence of an oxidizing agent, or by using the composite which has previously been treated with an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to:(1) a novel catalyst which has a high catalytic activity, is useful in the production of acetic acid and/or methyl acetate from methanol, and is obtained through ion exchange of an anion of an anion exchanger with an anion of an Ru--Sn hetero-polynuclear compound;(2) a process for producing acetic acid and/or methyl acetate from methanol through a one-stage reaction in a gas phase wherein the catalytic activity is maintained throughout the reaction; and(3) a process for producing acetic acid and/or methyl acetate in the presence of a highly active catalyst, for example, the catalyst specified in (1), at a high reaction rate.

Abstract: A method of derivatizing a chromatography matrix having a hydrophobic surface involves reacting the hydrophobic surface with a halosulfonating agent to produce a significant amount of halosulfone groups covalently bonded onto the surface. Sulfonamide bonds then are formed between these halosulfone groups and a group of amine functions on a polyaminated polymer to produce a pellicular anion exchange layer covalently bonded to the surface. The resulting layer is stable in the absence of cross-links between the molecules of the polyaminated polymer.

Abstract: An integral adsorbent-heat exchanger apparatus for use in ammonia refrigerant heat pump systems. The apparatus has a finned tube heat exchange member. A bonded, pyrolyzed activated carbon adsorbent matrix, formed from a mixture of activated carbon particles and resol bonder, is tightly adjoined to the fins and the tube to form an integral apparatus. The integral apparatus is capable of withstanding repetitive adsorption and desorption cycles without the matrix becoming unbonded and without the matrix becoming unadjoined from the fins and tube. The apparatus permits very high rates of adsorption and desorption of refrigerant and very high rates of heat transfer between the refrigerant and the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Scavenger compositions useful for purifying process gas streams, such as process gas streams, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, noble gases, diborane, and hydride gases from Groups IVA-VIA of the Periodic Table, such as arsine, phosphine, silane, germane, hydrogen selenide, and hydrogen telluride, and mixtures thereof, to remove water, oxygen, and other oxidant and Lewis acid impurities therefrom, such scavenger comprising a porous, high surface area inert support having thereon an active scavenging species, formed by the deposition on the support of a Group IA metal and pyrolysis thereof at a selected elevated temperature on said support.

Abstract: Disclosed are chromatography methods and matrix geometries which permit high resolution, high productivity separation of mixtures of solutes, particularly biological materials. The method involves passing fluids through specially designed chromatography matrices at high flow rates. The matrices define first and second interconnected sets of pores and a high surface area for solute interaction in fluid communication with the members of the second set of pores. The first and second sets of pores are embodied, for example, as the interstices among particles and throughpores within the particles. The pores are dimensioned such that, at achievable high fluid flow rates, convective flow occurs in both pore sets, and the convective flow rate exceeds the rate of solute diffusion in the second pore set. This approach couples convective and diffusive mass transport to and from the active surface and permits increases in fluid velocity without the normally expected bandspreading.

Abstract: The supported amine-polyol sorbent of the present invention comprises about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % amine, about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % polyol, with the balance being support. This sorbent is capable of absorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide at relatively high rates at ambient temperatures, thereby improving carbon dioxide sorption capacity.

Abstract: A swellable oil-absorbent agent formed of cross-linked polymer (P) obtained by polymerizing a monomer component comprising 90 to 99.999% by weight of a monomer having as a main moiety thereof an alkyl (meth)acrylate the alkyl group of which has 10 to 16 carbon atoms and possessing one polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecular unit thereof and 0.001 to 10% by weight of a cross-linkable monomer possessing at least two polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecular unit thereof (providing that the total of the amount of the polymerizable monomer and that of the cross-linkable monomer is 100% by weight).

Abstract: Colloidal matter is removed from a fluid flow by first adsorbing a coagulant onto the surface of a finely divided filter media, and thereafter passing a colloid-containing fluid through the filter media. The adsorbing of coagulant is accomplished with the filter off-line, and it is returned on-line for filtering of the fluid. After the coagulant is adsorbed onto the filter media, it is not necessary to continue feeding coagulant during on-line operation, as the adsorbed coagulant captures the colloidal matter in the fluid and retains it on the surface of the filter media. The captured colloidal matter is removed during back washing of the filter media.

Abstract: A methanol carbonylation catalyst includes a rhodium complex supported on a porous, cross-linked vinylpyridine resin, wherein the vinylpyridine resin has a cross-linking degree of 30-60%, a pore volume of 0.1-0.4 ml/g and an average pore diameter of 20-100 nm. The catalyst may be prepared by contacting the pyridine ring-containing resin with an aqueous solution containing rhodium ion and then contacting the resulting rhodium ion-carrying resin with carbon monoxide and an alkyl iodide in an organic solvent to convert the rhodium ion to a rhodium complex bound to the resin. Acetic acid is produced by reacting carbon monoxide with methanol at a temperature of 140.degree.-250.degree. C. and a partial pressure of carbon monoxide of 7-30 kg/cm.sup.2 in the presence of an alkyl iodide and the above catalyst.

Abstract: Thin-walled honeycomb structures of activated carbon, useful for the adsorption of hydrocarbon vapors are prepared without the need for firing or sintering at elevated temperatures. The structures are prepared by forming a substantially homogeneous batch from an admixture of thermally gellable cellulose ether and/or derivative thereof such as methylcellulose, an additional organic binder such as a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and particles of activated carbon; plasticizing the batch with liquid, extruding the batch into a honeycomb shape; and drying the extruded shape at a temperature up to about 225.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a fuel absorbent, which comprises the steps of: dissolving an organic polymer having a function of trapping fuel in a solvent to produce a polymer solution; adding a crosslinking agent to said polymer solution to allow said organic polymer to react in the presence of said crosslinking agent; and collecting, after the completion of the crosslinking reaction, the resultant fine polymer gel particles.The invention also relates to a porous fuel absorbent produced by the above process comprised of fine cross-linked organic polymer formed into particles. The above fuel absorbent along with coatings and a carrier may be used to control fuel evaporation loss in automobile canisters or boiler fuel tanks.

Abstract: Composition for the absorption of pollutants, comprising at least a norbornene polymer for 100 parts by weight of norbornene polymer: said composition comprising 5 to 250 parts by weight of at least one hydrosoluble oil aqueous emulsion breaking agent. Application: for a process of absorption of hydrosoluble oil contained in a cutting fluid.

Abstract: A process for carrying out in a consecutive fashion different modes of chromatographic separation in a liquid chromatography column using a single separation medium is disclosed. Separation media for use in such multimodal separations are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-resinous adsorbents and methods of manufacturing them. These agents have been found to neutralize or remove inhibitory and antimicrobial substances found in test samples and culture media.

Abstract: Improved compositions for scavenging oxygen are disclosed. These materials, characterized by low degree crystallinity and a glass transition temperature of <-10.degree. C., have high oxygen scavenging rates at low temperatures. The composition comprises an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and a transition metal catalyst and can be incorporated into various types of layers. It is preferable that the composition be incorporated into layers of multilayered articles used for packaging oxygen-sensitive products such as food products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to buckminsterfullerenes or related condensed carbon molecules covalently bonded to a polymer particle or a siliceous support particle and their use for packing media for column chromatography.

Abstract: A method of producing crack-free green activated carbon structures using a carbon matrix containing high gel strength binders such as methyl cellulose binders is disclosed. The invention also relates to a method of drying activated carbon structures by first contacting the structure with microwave radiation and then drying the structure in a conventional oven.

Abstract: A salty water absorbing composition, salty water ice packs, and salty water absorbing packs used to preserve freshness of meat, fresh fish and shells, vegetables and other watery food when they are transported over a long distance. The salty water absorbing composition and packs containing the composition absorb drippings or exudation discharged from such food, in particular the salty drippings, which ooze from the fresh fish and shells and other marine products. The salty water absorbing pack containing antibiotic materials is accommodated in a bag made of paper sheet coated with a perforated polymer to construct a salty water absorbing pack. The salty water ice pack is obtained by absorbing the pack with salty water and freezing.

Abstract: A composition of a superabsorbent polymer and a process for using the polymer to absorb an aqueous electrolyte solution are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides crosslinked ampholytic copolymers that are highly absorbent to aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Abstract: Substantially water-insoluble, crosslinked polypeptides containing 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoserine, phosphohomoserine, phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine, phosphoasparagine, or phosphoglutamine, and 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as lysine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, serine or tyrosine, in which the degree of crosslinking is sufficient to result in a substantially water-insoluble polypeptide with the ability to absorb a 1 wt. % aqueous NaCl solution in an amount of at least 20 times the weight of the polypeptide, are useful as superabsorbents in devices such as diapers, etc. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of the crosslinked polypeptides increases their superabsorbency by two to three fold.

Abstract: A carbonylation catalyst useful for the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid, acetic anhydride or both comprises a polymer support containing pendant pyrrolidone groups which support a rhodium species. Other polymeric supports capable of withstanding carbonylation temperatures of at least 150.degree. C. are disclosed for the carbonylation reaction in which rhodium levels in the reaction medium of greater than 500 ppm are contemplated.

Abstract: A filter material suitable for making protective clothing comprising an air-permeable pliable textile support, substantially spherical adsorber particles, and an adhesive discontinuously securing said particles to said textile support, wherein the adsorber particles comprise a copolymer based mainly on styrene and divinylbenzene, eventually crosslinked by CH.sub.2 -bridges.

Abstract: Polymer-coated carbon-clad inorganic oxide particles are disclosed which are useful in sorbent applications, particularly as packing materials for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A method for the preparation of a chromatographic support material is also disclosed which comprises coating carbon-clad inorganic oxide particles with a monomer or oligomer and cross-linking the monomer or oligomer.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to modified porous solid supports and processes for the preparation and use of same. In particular, passivated porous mineral oxide supports are disclosed that are stabilized against leaching under harsh environmental conditions by the application of a thin, protective polymeric coating atop their porous surfaces and that are characterized by a reversible high sorptive capacity substantially unaccompanied by non-specific adsorption of or interaction with biomolecules. Passivation is achieved by the use of a passivation mixture comprising a main monomer, a passivating monomer that is different from the main monomer, and a crosslinking agent, which mixture upon polymerization results in the substantial elimination of the undesirable non-specific interaction between biomolecules and the protective polymeric coating on the surfaces of the mineral oxide matrix.

Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing composition containing particulate annealed electrolytically reduced iron of between about 100 mesh and 325 mesh in an amount of about up to 99.6% by weight, a salt such as sodium chloride in an amount by weight of about up to 3.5%, and optionally a water-attracting and supplying component such as silica gel of a mesh size of between about 30 mesh and 325 mesh in an amount by weight of up to about 80%. A packet for absorbing oxygen including a stain and grease resistant envelope containing the oxygen-absorbing composition. A grease and stain resistant laminate consisting of plies of various plastics and grease and stain resisting paper.

Abstract: Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size range of 50 to 400 .mu.m suitable for a fluidized-bed reactor for removing reduced sulfur species in a gaseous form by granulating a mixture of fine zinc oxide and titanium oxide with inorganic and organic binders and by optional additions of small amounts of activators such as CoO and MoO.sub.3 ; and then indurating it at 800.degree. to 900.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce attrition-resistant granules.

Abstract: Substantially water-insoluble, crosslinked polypeptides containing 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoserine, phosphohomoserine, phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine, phosphoasparagine, or phosphoglutamine, and 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as lysine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, serine or tyrosine, in which the degree of crosslinking is sufficient to result in a substantially water-insoluble polypeptide with the ability to absorb a 1% aqueous NaCl solution in an amount of at least 20 times the weight of the polypeptide, are useful as superabsorbents in devices such as diapers, etc.

Abstract: A method of coating chromatographic particulate supports to provide a biocompatible outer layer of synthetic membrane-type film which prevents the release of fines but permits the adsorption of components to an affinity ligand is described. The matrix is provided with a membrane-type coating, which prevents leaching of fines, with a pore size of at least 20 angstroms. The coating is applied to a solid particulate under conditions where an integral membrane coat will be formed. It may also be necessary to control the size and number of pores of the membranes by treating a suspension of the solid support in a solvent which contains 0.1-1% of the support weight of a biocompatible polymer along with 0.5-5% of the weight of said polymer of a dissolved compatible pore-controlling component. The solvent is then removed from the suspension and the membrane-coated material used in extracorporeal treatment of body fluids or in other chromatographic techniques.

Abstract: Chromatographic material having the general formula S-B-X-Y-L where S is a solid support, B is a binding group, X is a substantially non-ionic hydrophilic organic spacer, Y is a coupling group and L is an affinity ligand. The chromatographic material is substantially free of non-specific adsorption and is stable at high pH.

Abstract: Disclosed are chromatography methods and matrix geometries which permit high resolution, high productivity separation of mixtures of solutes, particularly biological materials. The method involves passing fluids through specially designed chromatography matrices at high flow rates. The matrices define first and second interconnected sets of pores and a high surface area for solute interaction in fluid communication with the members of the second set of pores. The first and second sets of pores are embodied, for example, as the interstices among particles and throughpores within the particles. The pores are dimensioned such that, at achievable high fluid flow rates, convective flow occurs in both pore sets, and the convective flow rate exceeds the rate of solute diffusion in the second pore set. This approach couples convective and diffusive mass transport to and from the active surface and permits increases in fluid velocity without the normally expected bandspreading.

Abstract: A process for removing an oxidizable organic compound from an oxidizing gas stream which includes contacting the gas stream with a bed of carbonaceous adsorbent particles, wherein the adsorbent particles comprise porous pyrolyzed particles of a polysulfonated cross-linked synthetic copolymer, to adsorb the oxidizable organic compound on the adsorbent particles.

Abstract: Method of chromatographically separating a mixture by contacting said mixture under chromatographic separation conditions with a chromatographic separation stationary phase comprising a polymer formed by coating substantially all of the surfaces of a microporous, comminuted substrate material with a monomer that is subsequently polymerized in situ with a cold-gas plasma discharge.

Abstract: The absorbent capacity of superabsorbent materials, as measured under an applied load, is significantly increased by treating the superabsorbent material at a temperature of about 125.degree. C. or greater for a sufficient period of time.

Abstract: A packing material for liquid chromatography bears a polyalkylene polyamine moiety linked through a spacer moiety as the pendant group to a porous silica gel coated with a silicone polymer, and optionally is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent on two or more amino group of the different polyalkylene polyamine moieties, and a process for production thereof. Such a packing material is especially useful in the analysis of sugars.

Abstract: A method of separating organic materials is disclosed utilizing a chromatographic packing material. This packing material includes a coated support material which is a chromatographically suitable substrate. An immobilized butadiene acrylonitrile polymer coating is provided on the substrate. The copolymer can be crosslinked by gamma radiation, or by means of a crosslinking agent such as dicumyl peroxide. The support material can be silica, alumina, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, porous glass or carbon, but preferably a spherical lamellar shaped crystals of aluminum hydroxide. the aluminum hydroxide crystals are bonded together at a central core and extend radially outward from a central core with a particle density ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3 and a diameter of 2 to 150 microns.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorbent agent with special advantages to heavy metals, proteins, etc. and is based upon a ligand with an atom sequence (A): N--C--C.sub.n --N, wherein n is 1 or 2, and one terminal, a ring atom N in a heteroaromatic ring system, together with a proximal ring atom C forms a first terminal. The second terminal --C.sub.n --N-- can be an integral part of a heteroaromatic ring system with one or more heteroatoms and through a crosslinking bridge D is attached to P. The first terminal N--C-- can be included in a pyridine or imidazole core. The polymer P is organic and hydrophilic such as polysaccharide, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylester, polyethyleneimide or derivatives thereof, and can also be immobilized by crosslinking, binding or adsorption or inclusion in an inorganic bearer.

Abstract: Polymer-coated carbon-clad inorganic oxide particles are disclosed which are useful in sorbent applications, particularly as packing materials for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A method for the preparation of a chromatographic support material is also disclosed which comprises coating carbon-clad inorganic oxide particles with a monomer or oligomer and cross-linking the monomer or oligomer.

Abstract: A method for sorbing oil comprises contacting the oil with an oil sorbing article comprising a plurality of substantially cross-linked polymer particles having adhesive layers formed on a portion of the outer surfaces of a majority of the particles. The particles are attached together with the adhesive areas to define a plurality of interstitial spaces. The method further comprising allowing the oil to sorb into the article. In the preferred embodiment, the adhesive areas are formed by heating the portion of the outer surfaces to a sufficient temperature to eliminate a portion of the cross-linking. With the cross-linking eliminated, the portion of the outer surfaces becomes tacky enabling adjacent particles to adhere to one another and form the plurality of interstitial spaces. The article comprises interstitial spaces to trap air causing the article to remain on the surface of an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A method of separating organic materials is disclosed utilizing a chromatographic packing material. This packing material includes a coated support material which is a chromatographically suitable substrate. An immobilized butadiene acrylonitrile polymer coating is provided on the substrate. The copolymer can be crosslinked by gamma radiation, or by means of a crosslinking agent such as dicumyl peroxide. The support material can be silica, alumina, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, porous glass or carbon, but preferably is spherical lamellar shaped crystals of aluminum hydroxide. The aluminum hydroxide crystals are bonded together at a central core and extend radially outward from a central core with a particle density ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3 and a diameter of 2 to 150 microns.

Abstract: An organic compound is bonded to a powdered solid support to produce, for example, a chromatographic stationary phase, by introducing to a bed of powdered material the vapor of a precursor of the compound to be bonded which precursor is selected from those which produce a gas phase by-product of the bonding reaction. The gas generated by the reaction is utilized as the fluidizing gas. This permits the use of fluidized bed techniques on extremely low particle size powders. One example is the reaction of alkylchlorosilanes with silica gel to produce stationary phases with bonded carbon chains, derived from the alkyl groups, of up to 24 carbon atoms. A second feature of the method is the hydrothermal pretreatment of the bed of powder with steam to precondition the support.

Abstract: Methods for modifying polyhydroxylated materials by the direct covalent bonding of nucleophilic ligands to the former sites of hydroxyl groups on the material are disclosed. More specifically, methods for activating the surface of polyhydroxylated materials such as silica, which can serve as stationary phases in various chromatographic methods, are disclosed. The silica is first contacted with a reagent, e.g., a phosphorylating agent, effective to cleave the O--H bond of at least one of said hydroxyl groups and introduce through an --O-- linkage a moiety amenable to nucleophilic displacement; and the product of step (a) is then contacted with a suitable nucleophilic ligand.

Abstract: Carbon-clad zirconium oxide particles are disclosed which are useful in sorbent applications, particularly as packing materials for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A method for the preparation of chromatographic support material is also disclosed which utilizes low pressure.