Abstract: A process for preparing a cellulose ester liquid chromatographic stationary phase by reacting cellulose with an aromatic acid halide, such as p-toluoyl chloride, in the presence of a base catalyst, such as pyridine, the reaction temperature and the concentration of base catalyst being below the temperature and concentration at which the cellulose ester dissolves, the reaction time being less than the reaction time at which the cellulose ester dissolves. Similarly, a process for preparing a cellulose carbamate liquid chromatographic stationary phase by reacting cellulose with an aromatic isocyanate, such as 3,5-dimethyl phenyl isocyanate, in the presence of a base catalyst, such as pyridine, the reaction temperature and the concentration of base catalyst being below the temperature and concentration at which the cellulose carbamate dissolves, the reaction time being less than the reaction time at which the cellulose carbamate dissolves.

Abstract: Polysaccharide derivative molecules are crosslinked exclusively among themselves on a support such as silica gel with the use of a polyfunctional crosslinking agent to immobilize the polysaccharide derivative on the support. The separating agent for optical isomers produced by the method has a high solvent resistance and, therefore, is most suitable as a separating agent for optical resolution.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oil sorbent excellent in oil sorptivity and water repellency and a device preparing the same are disclosed. The process for preparing an oil sorbent comprises mechanically fibrillating, or shredding and grinding lignocellulose material while substantially maintaining cell structure; and heating the resultant at a temperature of 250 to 450.degree. C. or 350 to 400.degree. C. for a predetermined period of time; followed by predetermined cooling to form an oil sorbent. The device for continuously preparing an oil sorbent having such a basic structure that three pipes with a "ellipse-shaped" cross-section each of which includes therein a screw type transferring means are arranged on top of one another, and the heating and the cooling are effected externally.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorbents for water and aqueous solutions, in particular for blood, which contain a product from the tuber of a plant from the family of the Araceae.

Abstract: A biodegradable absorbent compound for liquids, such as petroleum spills, is comprised of processed bagasse, cottonseed hull lint, and mineral oil. Typically the proportions of the ingredients are 75% bagasse, 25% cottonseed hull lint, and less than 0.1% mineral oil.

Abstract: A floor dry material and method of manufacturing same in which waste cellulosic fibrous material, such as waste paper, is finely shredded after which any metal component is removed and the shredded material is then thoroughly mixed with a biodegradable surfactant, calcium oxide, and water until a temperature about 140.degree. F. to 150.degree. F. is achieved after which a natural citric-based solvent degreaser and a material selected from the group comprising silica diatomite plankton and non-swelling clay are added to obtain a finished floor dry material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sorbent with a high pickup ratio (>30 to 1) that has environmental benefits relating to renewable resource use of waste material as primary ingredients and is biodegradable; that is suitable for use on water and on land in a wide variety of forms; that is fire retardant; that incorporates a manufacturing process resulting in a finished product of low embodied energy; and results in a sorbent that is uncommonly simple, inexpensive, and effective. The improved sorbent also provides three options for disposal when the sorbent is full of oil. The first option allows extraction of absorbed oil by simple compression that results in a 70% recovery of oil without contamination by water. The used sorbent can be reused repeatedly afterward. A second option allows a used sorbent that, although flame resistant in its unused state, can be burned as fuel to recover 100% of energy with the sorbent contributing only 1% ash.

Abstract: This invention relates to asymmetric syntheses in which a prochiral or chiral compound is contacted in the presence of an optically active metal-ligand complex catalyst to produce an optically active product.

Abstract: Separation of a chemical substance is effected by treating a mixture thereof with a polysaccharide having a substituent for hydroxyl group an acyl group of the formula (1) or a carbamoyl group of the formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R represents an atomic group having a nucleus comprising a conjugated .pi.-bond system in which the number of bonds interposed between an atom contained therein and bonded with the carbonyl or amino group and an atom contained in the .pi.-bond system and most distant from said atom is at least 5 even in the shortest route.

Abstract: Adsorbents composed of a polysaccharide support which is suitable for chromatography and is preferably based on agarose which has undergone a chemical reaction with the glycidyl ethers of nonionic polyoxyethylene detergents of the type HO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --O--R to give a compound of the formula I ##STR1## where n is an integer from 2 to 30 andR is an alkyl radical having 4-20 or a phenyl radical or a phenylalkyl radical, where the alkyl radical has 1-16 carbon atoms, to a process for their preparation and to their use for removing lipoproteins from human or animal body fluids are described.

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of optical isomers.

Abstract: A process for carrying out in a consecutive fashion different modes of chromatographic separation in a liquid chromatography column using a single separation medium is disclosed. Separation media for use in such multimodal separations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of modifying the adsorptive characteristics of an adsorptive surface comprising the in situ precipitation of a polyvalent metal salt from a solution in contact with the adsorptive surface; the adsorptive product produced thereby and methods for the removal of impurities from aqueous materials by contact with the adsorptive product.

Abstract: A dry, particulate sorbent composition containing an organic absorbent, a combustible adsorbent, a water swellable polymer and a water soluble polymer is used to soak up and contain flammable liquids and to render the resulting product fire-safe by misting the product surface with water. Water contacting the polymers contained in the sorbent composition forms with those polymers a surface film which is resistant to the passage of combustible gases thus rendering the sorbed mass fire-safe even when briefly exposed to an open flame.

Abstract: Separation of a chemical substance is effected by treating a mixture thereof with a polysaccharide having a substituent for hydroxyl group an acyl group of the formula (1) or a carbamoyl group of the formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R represents an atomic group having a nucleus comprising a conjugated .pi.-bond system in which the number of bonds interposed between an atom contained therein and bonded with the carbonyl or amino group and an atom contained in the .pi.-bond system and most distant from said atom is at least 5 even in the shortest route.

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of optical isomers.

Abstract: A body made of carbon particles bonded together with bentonite clay and cellulose fibers, wherein in weight percent based on carbon, the bentonite content is about 4% to 20%, and the cellulose fiber content is about 2% to 10%. A method of making the body which involves forming an aqueous mixture having a composition in weight percent based on carbon of about 5% to 8% organic binder which can be cellulose ethers, cellulose ether derivatives, and combinations of these, about 4% to 20% bentonite clay, about 2% to 10% cellulose fibers, and the balance being activated carbon particles, forming the mixture into a body, and drying the body.

Abstract: Separation of a chemical substance is effected by treating a mixture thereof with a polysaccharide having a substituent for hydroxyl group an acyl group of the formula (1) or a carbamoyl group of the formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R represents an atomic group having a nucleus comprising a conjugated .pi.-bond system in which the number of bonds interposed between an atom contained therein and bonded with the carbonyl or amino group and an atom contained in the .pi.-bond system and most distant from said atom is at least 5 even in the shortest route.

Abstract: Thin-walled honeycomb structures of activated carbon, useful for the adsorption of hydrocarbon vapors are prepared without the need for firing or sintering at elevated temperatures. The structures are prepared by forming a substantially homogeneous batch from an admixture of thermally gellable cellulose ether and/or derivative thereof such as methylcellulose, an additional organic binder such as a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and particles of activated carbon; plasticizing the batch with liquid, extruding the batch into a honeycomb shape; and drying the extruded shape at a temperature up to about 225.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a fuel absorbent, which comprises the steps of: dissolving an organic polymer having a function of trapping fuel in a solvent to produce a polymer solution; adding a crosslinking agent to said polymer solution to allow said organic polymer to react in the presence of said crosslinking agent; and collecting, after the completion of the crosslinking reaction, the resultant fine polymer gel particles.The invention also relates to a porous fuel absorbent produced by the above process comprised of fine cross-linked organic polymer formed into particles. The above fuel absorbent along with coatings and a carrier may be used to control fuel evaporation loss in automobile canisters or boiler fuel tanks.

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of optical isomers.

Abstract: Improved cellulosic beads for use as supports in bioaffinity chromatography are produced by dissolution of cellulose in a chaotropic cellulose solvent, formation of the dissolved cellulose into droplets, and immersion of the droplets into a non-solvent capable of solvent interchange with the cellulose solvent to form generally spherical porous cellulose beads of narrow particle size distribution. The beads formed are preferably made with cellulose having a degree of polymerization between 100 and 200, and the resulting beads when saturated with water without drying contain between 1% and 7% cellulose by weight and have a particle size of at least about 0.3 mm. The beads can be activated by a suitable activation method, and specific bioaffinity ligands are bound to the active sites in the beads. The beads reacted ligands, the beads then used in bioaffinity chromatography to isolate specific bioaffinity molecules having molecular weights between 5,000 and 500,000 from complex solutions.

Abstract: A process for carrying out in a consecutive fashion different modes of chromatographic separation in a liquid chromatography column using a single separation medium is disclosed. Separation media for use in such multimodal separations are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing crack-free green activated carbon structures using a carbon matrix containing high gel strength binders such as methyl cellulose binders is disclosed. The invention also relates to a method of drying activated carbon structures by first contacting the structure with microwave radiation and then drying the structure in a conventional oven.

Abstract: Adsorption material, preferably substantially spherical, wherein support particles having cellulose capable of binding charged particles such as proteins, are distributed over the exterior surfaces thereof, and a method for generating substantially spherical adsorption material.

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of opticl isomers.

Abstract: An adsorbent composition containing sugar, vinegar, and diatomaceous earth is disclosed. The sugar, vinegar, and diatomaceous earth are preferably added together in about equal amounts by volume or in amounts of about 20 pounds of sugar, 2 gallons of vinegar, and 100 pounds of diatomaceous earth. The adsorbent composition has particular use in adsorbing petroleum oil from soil, water, or air and in water purification.

Abstract: Highly durable and chemically reactive zinc titanate materials are prepared in a particle size range of 50 to 400 .mu.m suitable for a fluidized-bed reactor for removing reduced sulfur species in a gaseous form by granulating a mixture of fine zinc oxide and titanium oxide with inorganic and organic binders and by optional additions of small amounts of activators such as CoO and MoO.sub.3 ; and then indurating it at 800.degree. to 900.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce attrition-resistant granules.

Abstract: Separation of a chemical substance is effected by treating a mixture thereof with a polysaccharide having a substituent for hydroxyl group an acyl group of the formula (1) or a carbamoyl group of the formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R represents an atomic group having a nucleus comprising a conjugated .pi.-bond system in which the number of bonds interposed between an atom contained therein and bonded with the carbonyl or amino group and an atom contained in the .pi.-bond system and most distant from said atom is at least 5 even in the shortest route.

Abstract: A method of physical and chemical pre-treatment of peat to be used in biofilters for wastewater treatment is disclosed. Particularly, the invention relates to a mixture of peat which has been pre-seeved and then mixed with pre-determined concentrations of a Fe-containing compound and lime. Biofilters which utilizes this peat mixture useful for wastewater treatment are also disclosed.

Abstract: The absorbent capacity of superabsorbent materials, as measured under an applied load, is significantly increased by treating the superabsorbent material at a temperature of about 125.degree. C. or greater for a sufficient period of time.

Abstract: Cross-linked polyglucans obtained by cross-linking polyglucans having branched chains intermolecularly and/or intramolecularly or cross-linked homooligomers obtained by cross-linking .alpha.-1,4-linked homooligomers of glucose intermolecularly can selectively adsorb glucoamylase and/or .beta.-amylase thereto. By the use of such three-dimensional, cross-linked high molecular weight substances, glucoamylase and .beta.-amylase can be isolated and purified extremely efficiently.

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of optical isomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorbent agent with special advantages to heavy metals, proteins, etc. and is based upon a ligand with an atom sequence (A): N--C--C.sub.n --N, wherein n is 1 or 2, and one terminal, a ring atom N in a heteroaromatic ring system, together with a proximal ring atom C forms a first terminal. The second terminal --C.sub.n --N-- can be an integral part of a heteroaromatic ring system with one or more heteroatoms and through a crosslinking bridge D is attached to P. The first terminal N--C-- can be included in a pyridine or imidazole core. The polymer P is organic and hydrophilic such as polysaccharide, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylester, polyethyleneimide or derivatives thereof, and can also be immobilized by crosslinking, binding or adsorption or inclusion in an inorganic bearer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a pressure stable and pH stable medium for use in high pressure gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC). The method comprises treating aminoalkyl-silica with an aldose or ketose, monosaccharide or disaccharide sugar in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C. for a period of time of from about 4 hours to about 6 hours, washing the resulting medium, and drying the medium. a pressure stable and pH stable medium for HPGFC is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of conducting affinity chromatographic separations of biomaterials which comprises contacting the biomaterial with a solid support comprising a generally spherical bead having a generally central magnetic core and a surrounding exterior coat about the core comprising a material capable of binding with the biomaterial.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of conducting affinity chromatographic separations of biomaterials which comprises contacting the biomaterial with a solid support comprising a generally spherical bead having a generally central magnetic core and a surrounding exterior coat about the core comprising a material capable of binding with the biomaterial.

Abstract: Methods for modifying polyhydroxylated materials by the direct covalent bonding of nucleophilic ligands to the former sites of hydroxyl groups on the material are disclosed. More specifically, methods for activating the surface of polyhydroxylated materials such as silica, which can serve as stationary phases in various chromatographic methods, are disclosed. The silica is first contacted with a reagent, e.g., a phosphorylating agent, effective to cleave the O--H bond of at least one of said hydroxyl groups and introduce through an --O-- linkage a moiety amenable to nucleophilic displacement; and the product of step (a) is then contacted with a suitable nucleophilic ligand.

Abstract: A method of coating chromatographic particulate supports to provide a biocompatible outer layer of synthetic membrane-type film which prevents the release of fines but permits the adsorption of components to an affinity ligand is described. The matrix is provided with a membrane-type coating, which prevents leaching of fines, with a pore size of at least 20 angstroms. The coating is applied to a solid particulate under conditions where an integral membrane coat will be formed. It may also be necessary to control the size and number of pores of the membranes by treating a suspension of the solid support in a solvent which contains 0.1-1% of the support weight of a biocompatible polymer along with 0.5-5% of the weight of said polymer of a dissolved compatible pore-controlling component. The solvent is then removed from the suspension and the membrane-coated material used in extracorporeal treatment of body fluids or in other chromatographic techniques.

Abstract: Inclusion compounds of a cyclodextrin, such as .beta.-cyclodextrin, and a palladium halide-diene complex, such as a complex of PdCl.sub.2 and 1,5-cyclooctadiene have been found to be effective hydrosilylation catalysts. One part heat curable organopolysiloxane compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Separation of a chemical substance is effected by treating a mixture thereof with a polysaccharide having a substituent for hydroxyl group an acyl group of the formula (1) or a carbamoyl group of the formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R represents an atomic group having a nucleus comprising a conjugated .pi.-bond system in which the number of bonds interposed between in atom contained therein and bonded with the carbonyl or amino group and an atom contained in the .pi.-bond system and most distant from said atom is at least 5 even in the shortest route.

Abstract: Highly compressible chromatographic stationary phase particles such as agarose beads are made rigid to a degree suitable for use in HPLC, and nonporous to proteins by one of two procedures. The first involves shrinking the beads with the use of an organic solvent in which the agarose bead will neither dissolve nor swell to collapse the porosity, followed by crosslinking the bead surfaces inside the collapsed pores to fix the pores in their collapsed state. The second involves filling the pores (without shrinkage of the beads) with a polymerizable substance which grafts to the pore surface, and performing the graft polymerization. The invention also extends to rigid beads, which are rendered deformable to a limited degree by coating the surface with a polymer. Finally, porous rigid beads are rendered nonporous by polymerizing a polymerizable material inside the pores in the same manner as the porous compressible beads.

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of optical isomers.

Abstract: A composite separating agent which comprises a hydrophilic polymer separating agent showing a degree of swelling in water of 10 to 100 ml/g-dry and having a giant network structure incorporated within pores of an organic polymer substrate showing a degree of swelling in water of 20 ml/g-dry or below and a degree of crosslinking of 4% to 100% by mol and having a porous structure as well as a process for producing the same are disclosed.When packed within a column, this composite separating agent having a high mechanical strength is hardly compacted and exhibits an excellent separation performance. Thus it is highly useful in chromatographic separation of biopolymers including proteins.

Abstract: A granular filter aid composition for filtering liquids composed of a major amount of phosphorylated starch and minor amounts of clay and cellulosic fibers.

Abstract: A foraminous filter useful for removing particulates from a gas being flowed therethrough having impregnated therein a manganese dioxide absorbent active for removal of Total Reduced Sulfur compounds from the gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel composition of matter which is prepared by subjecting at least one woodlike particle, such as a sawdust particle and preferably selected quantities of sawdust particles to a special treatment. Each particle has a cellular structure including a plurality of interconnected, generally tubular cell walls composed in part of hemicellulose that are subjected to a selectively controlled thermolytic heating above about 280.degree. C. but not above about 380.degree. C. and preferably between 300+ C. and 360.degree. C. to cause the hemicellulose to be converted to an oil-like oleophilic and hydrophobic substance on the cell walls and reduce the thickness of the cell walls to render the particle and particles oleophilic and hydrophobic. The product floats on water, absorbs oil, for absorbing hydrocarbons on the surface of water, and is an improved fuel both without and with the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to ion-exchanged fine cellulose particles, porous fine cellulose particles which can be advantageously used as an affinity carrier, and methods of production thereof. These fine particles of the invention have the advantage that they possess excellent pressure-resistant strength and can treat treatment liquors under pressure at a high flowing velocity. Thus, they can be advantageously used industrially in various separation and purification processes.

Abstract: A mixture of chemical substances such as optical isomers, geometrical isomers and polymers having different molecular weight ranges is separated to each ingredient by use of a cellulose derivative having an aromatic ring in the chromatographic method.

Abstract: A separating agent which includes a polyvinyl acetal resin having open cell structure and an average pore size of from about 10 to about 1000 micrometers; and, porous calcium phosphate granules having open cell structure, and also having two distributions of pore size wherein one distribution has micropores ranging from about 20 to about 500 mm in average pore size and the other distribution has small pores ranging from about 1 to about 50 micrometers in average pore size. Alternatively, the separating agent includes a polyvinyl acetal resin having open cell structure and having an average pore size of from about 10 to about 1000 micrometers as a first element, and a layer of porous calcium phosphate granules having an average granule size of from about 10 to about 2000 micrometers as a second element applied onto the first element. The separating agents may be used in a separator, and may be employed in separating methods.