Abstract: A SAPO-11 molecular sieve, preparation method thereof and use thereof in the isomerization of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The preparation method includes dissolving an aluminum source in ethylene glycol, and stirring to give a solution A; adding a structure-directing agent and a phosphorus source to the solution A, and stirring to give a solution B; adding a silicon source to the solution B, and stirring to give a solution C; transferring the solution C to a supercritical CO2 reactor, and introducing CO2 into the reactor to increase the pressure in the reactor; heating the supercritical CO2 reactor to the reaction temperature for crystallization; and after crystallization, lowering the temperature of the supercritical CO2 reactor, removing the solution from the reactor, separating the product, drying and calcining to obtain the SAPO-11 molecular sieve. A hydrocarbon isomerization catalyst can be obtained by molding the molecular sieve, loading a metal component, drying and calcining.

Abstract: The present invention provides a zeolite-containing catalyst having excellent shape, fluidity and mechanical strength as a catalyst for a fluidized bed reaction. The present invention provides a zeolite-containing catalyst which is a particulate catalyst containing zeolite and silica, wherein the catalyst has an average particle diameter of 20 to 300 ?m and the ratio of the void area in the cross-section of the particle is 30% or less relative to the cross-section area of the particle.

Abstract: There is provided a method for regenerating a spent dehydrogenation catalyst used in the conversion of n-paraffin to olefin. The method comprises method steps for removing the coke by treating the catalyst with an ozone-oxygen stream followed by an oxygen stream. The catalyst is stabilized by passing a nitrogen stream and the stabilized catalyst is rejuvenated by passing an air-nitrogen stream containing a halogenated hydrocarbon. This is followed by reducing the metal oxide in the catalyst by passing hydrogen-nitrogen stream.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for regenerating a catalyst composition, wherein the catalyst composition comprising a molecular sieve and at least 10 wt. % coke having a C/H molar ratio in the range of 0.26 to 5, the process comprising (a) contacting the catalyst composition with a first oxidative medium having oxygen and water at first conditions sufficient to form a first regenerated catalyst composition having at least 50 wt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for mixing spent catalyst and recycled regenerated catalyst in a regenerator vessel. Mixing is conducted in a confined space to which catalyst is delivered from catalyst conduits protruding through the wall of the regenerator.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst regeneration process which can improve catalyst selectivity. A first aspect of the invention is characterized in that a spent catalyst from a reactor is introduced into a first fluidized bed regenerator and contacted with an oxygen-containing gas stream and optional steam to carry out a coke combustion reaction, wherein the resultant mixture of the partially regenerated catalyst and flue gas is introduced into a second fluidized bed regenerator and contacted with steam and an optional oxygen-containing gas stream to carry out a further regeneration reaction, and then the regenerated catalyst is introduced into the reactor. A second aspect of the invention is characterized in that a spent catalyst from a reactor is introduced into a fluidized dense bed regenerator and contacted with an oxygen-containing gas stream and steam to carry out a coke combustion reaction, and then the regenerated catalyst is introduced into the reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons or for reforming, comprising a step for combustion in a zone A comprising at least 2 beds A1 and A2, a step for oxychlorination in a zone B, and a step for calcining in a zone C. A portion of the effluent gas from the oxychlorination zone is recycled via at least one scrubbing section D to the inlet to beds A1 and A2. Further, a portion of the effluent gas from zone B is recycled to the combustion bed A2, passing via a blower but without passing via said scrubbing section D, and a portion is recycled to the inlet to zone B, passing via said blower but not via said scrubbing section. The invention also concerns the vessel in which said process is carried out.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons or for reforming. Said process comprises a step for combustion in a zone A comprising at least 2 beds A1 and A2, a step for oxychlorination in a zone B, and a step for calcining in a zone C. A portion of the effluent gas from the oxychlorination zone is recycled via at least one scrubbing section D to the inlet to beds A1 and A2. Further, a portion of the effluent gas from zone B is recycled, passing via a blower and without passing via said scrubbing section D, to the combustion bed A2.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regenerating a spent catalyst are provided. The method can include mixing a spent catalyst with a carrier fluid to provide a mixture. The spent catalyst can include carbon deposited on at least a portion thereof. The carrier fluid can include an oxygen containing gas. The mixture can be introduced to or above an upper surface of a dense phase catalyst zone disposed within a regenerator. A gas can be introduced to a lower zone of the dense phase catalyst zone. At least a portion of the carbon deposited on the catalyst can be combusted to provide a flue gas, heat, and a regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regenerating a spent catalyst are provided. The method can include heating a hydrocarbon and a coke precursor in the presence of catalyst particles to provide a cracked hydrocarbon product and coked catalyst particles. The cracked hydrocarbon product and the coked catalyst particles can be selectively separated to provide a hydrocarbon product and coked catalyst particles. The coked catalyst particles can be mixed with a carrier fluid to provide a mixture. The mixture can be introduced to an upper surface of a dense phase catalyst zone disposed within a regenerator. A gas can be introduced to a lower zone of the dense phase catalyst zone. At least a portion of the carbon deposited on the coked catalyst particles can be combusted to provide a flue gas, heat, and a regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for mixing spent catalyst and recycled regenerated catalyst in a regenerator vessel. Mixing is conducted in a confined space to which catalyst is delivered from catalyst conduits protruding through the wall of the regenerator.

Abstract: A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes an upper combustion zone, and an lower combustion zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst. The upper combustion zone can be divided into multiple zones, and the combustion zone can be divided into multiple zones.

Abstract: A process for a continuous regeneration of a catalyst wherein the regeneration section includes at least two separate zones. The regeneration includes a combustion zone, and an oxygen boost zone, where the process utilizes at least two independent regeneration gas loops for control of the amount of oxygen to regenerate the catalyst.

Abstract: A system and method for activating chromium catalyst, including: increasing temperature of a chromium catalyst at a first rate for a first period of time to a first temperature; and increasing temperature of the chromium catalyst at a second rate for a second period of time from the first temperature to a second temperature, wherein the first rate is greater than the second rate, and wherein the first period precedes the second period.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for regenerating catalyst particles are provided. The processes include introducing spent catalyst particles to a burn zone in a continuous catalyst regenerator. When introduced, the catalyst particles, which contain a platinum group metal, carry coke deposits. In the process, a combustion gas at a temperature of at least 490° C. with an oxygen content of at least 0.5 mol % is fed to the burn zone. There, the coke deposits on the catalyst particles are combusted with the combustion gas. The catalyst particles are passed from the burn zone to a halogenation zone in the continuous catalyst regenerator and the catalyst particles are oxyhalogenated to redisperse the platinum group metal to form regenerated catalyst particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst distributor and process for spreading catalyst over a regenerator vessel. Nozzles disposed angular to a header of the distributor spread catalyst throughout a full cross section of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons or for reforming, comprising a step for combustion in a zone A comprising at least 2 beds A1 and A2, a step for oxychlorination in a zone B, and a step for calcining in a zone C. A portion of the effluent gas from the oxychlorination zone is recycled via at least one scrubbing section D to the inlet to beds A1 and A2. Further, a portion of the effluent gas from zone B is recycled to the combustion bed A2, passing via a blower but without passing via said scrubbing section D, and a portion is recycled to the inlet to zone B, passing via said blower but not via said scrubbing section. The invention also concerns the vessel in which said process is carried out.

Abstract: A process for removing carbonaceous deposits on surfaces of catalysts and plant parts by treating the deposits with a superheated stream of steam admixed at least temporarily with an oxygenous gas, which comprises, in each case with monitoring of the CO2 content in the offgas after condensation of the steam, at a temperature of at least 300° C., (a) treating the carbonaceous deposits with superheated steam at a temperature of at least 300° C. until the CO2 content of the offgas has exceeded a maximum, (b) then, with further supply of superheated steam, commencing the supply of oxygen, the amount of oxygen supplied being adjusted such that the CO2 content in the offgas decreases further until it has fallen to a value of <1% by volume, and then (c) ending the supply of superheated steam and passing an oxygenous gas over the amounts of carbonaceous deposits still remaining until the deposits have been virtually removed.

Abstract: New methods for activating chromium catalysts for polymerization processes decrease the amount of time required for activation and increase catalyst activity. Rapid heating to a first temperature is followed by a first hold period before heating to a higher second temperature and maintaining the second temperature for a second hold period. In one aspect, the overall activation process takes less than 10 hours.

Abstract: Regeneration flue gas streams containing unacceptable levels of CO can be effectively combusted (i.e., for more complete combustion or oxidation of CO to CO2) by contact with a second catalyst undergoing regeneration, for example in a second regenerator. While the second catalyst may also be regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing gas stream, this second catalyst additionally comprises a noble metal, or is present in combination with a combustion comprising a noble metal. Representative catalysts used in an integrated regeneration process are those used for oxygenate conversion and olefin cracking, both for the purpose of producing light olefins (e.g., ethylene and propylene).

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for regenerating a deactivated reforming catalyst by circulating a first oxygen-containing gas stream from a gas compressor to a catalyst bed in a reforming reaction zone in order to remove at least a portion of the carbonaceous deposits on the reforming catalyst. Then, a second oxygen-containing gas stream is further circulated from the gas compressor to the reforming catalyst bed, for oxidizing the reforming catalyst, and an inert gas stream is passed from the gas compressor through the reforming catalyst bed to purge a substantial portion of the oxygen contained therein for a time sufficient to reduce the oxygen content of an exiting purge gas stream to less than about 2% by volume oxygen.

Abstract: New methods for activating chromium catalysts for polymerization processes decrease the amount of time required for activation and increase catalyst activity. Rapid heating to a first temperature is followed by a first hold period before heating to a higher second temperature and maintaining the second temperature for a second hold period. In one aspect, the overall activation process takes less than 10 hours.

Abstract: A process for regeneration of a catalyst that comprises at least one EUO-structural-type zeolite in acid form and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal, used in a process for isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises aromatic compounds with eight carbon atoms, comprising at least a) a stage for eliminating a majority of the coke, deposited on said catalyst, by combustion in the presence of a gas that contains oxygen at a temperature that is less than or equal to 600° C., and b) a stage for oxychlorination of the product that is obtained from stage a), carried out between 200 and 550° C. in the presence of at least one gas mixture that contains at least oxygen, water and chlorine and/or at least one chlorinated compound, is described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalytic cracking process. The process includes introducing at least one species of a natural or synthetic residuum containing feedstock and a catalyst into a catalytic cracker reaction zone, and thereafter cracking the feedstock into a lower molecular weight gaseous product and spent cracking catalyst with hydrocarbonaceous product deposited thereon. Among others, the lower molecular weight gaseous product includes ethylene or propylene. The spent cracking catalyst obtained from the catalytic cracker reaction zone may then be regenerated using a first and a second regeneration zone. The first regeneration zone may be operated in an oxidizing mode resulting in a remaining coke of reduced hydrogen content which lowers the moisture content of flue gas in subsequent regeneration zones.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a synthesis gas from a regeneration of a spent cracking catalyst. The method includes introducing a spent cracking catalyst into a first regeneration zone in a presence of a first atmosphere comprising a first oxygen containing gas at a first regeneration temperature. For example, a temperature that does not exceed about 1400° F., and more preferable, a temperature that ranges from about 1150° F. to about 1400° F., may be used as the first regeneration temperature. The method further includes introducing the spent cracking catalyst from the first regeneration zone into a second regeneration zone. The spent cracking catalyst is introduced into the second regeneration zone in a presence of a second atmosphere comprising a second oxygen containing gas and a carbon dioxide rich stream, and at a second regeneration temperature substantially greater than the first regeneration temperature.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a zeolite catalyst comprises the following stages: (I) Heating a partially or completely deactivated catalyst to 250-600° C. in an atmosphere which contains less than 2% by volume of oxygen, (II) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from 0.1 to 4% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof, and (III) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from more than 4 to 100% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a synthesis gas from a regeneration of spent cracking catalyst. The method includes introducing a spent cracking catalyst into a first regeneration zone in a presence of a first oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere and at a first regeneration temperature. For example, a temperature that does not exceed about 1400° F., and more preferable a temperature that ranges from about 1150° F. to about 1400° F., may be used as the first regeneration temperature. The method further includes introducing the spent cracking catalyst from the first regeneration zone into a second regeneration zone in a presence of a second oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere, and producing a synthesis gas from cracking deposits located on the spent cracking catalyst within the second regeneration zone at a second regeneration temperature substantially greater than said first regeneration temperature.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent catalyst having coke deposits thereon in a catalyst regeneration vessel having a dense phase and a dilute phase, wherein the process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the spent catalyst with a primary oxygen-containing gas in the dense phase, thereby combusting the coke, resulting in the formation of a combustion gas comprising nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide which further reacts, thus reducing a majority of the nitrogen oxides to form elemental nitrogen; and (b) contacting the combustion gas with a secondary oxygen-containing gas, and typically a shield gas, at a location just above the interface between the dense phase and the dilute phase and also in the dilute phase, thereby oxidizing the remaining CO to CO2 without significant temperature rise in the dilute phase due to the after burn.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for maintaining heat balance in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit. More specifically, the invention relates to a combustion control method capable of maintaining or restoring heat balance by conducting, under appropriate conditions, fuel and an oxygen-containing gas to a transfer line. The transfer line conducts effluent including spent catalyst and combustion products to the unit's catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst in a fixed bed, for example a catalyst for reforming or for aromatic compound production, including a step for monitoring and controlling combustion completion which is carried out after the catalyst has undergone all of the combustion steps of the process. The monitoring and control step is carried out by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the zone where monitoring and control takes place, the monitoring and control step being carried out under conditions which are more severe than those in the combustion steps. The monitoring and control step is carried out with an oxygen consumption of less than 10%. The temperature advantageously remains substantially constant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a synthesis gas from a regeneration of spent cracking catalyst. The method includes introducing a spent cracking catalyst into a first regeneration zone in a presence of a first oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere and at a first regeneration temperature. For example, a temperature that does not exceed about 1400° F., and more preferable a temperature that ranges from about 1150° F. to about 1400° F., may be used as the first regeneration temperature. The method further includes introducing the spent cracking catalyst from the first regeneration zone into a second regeneration zone in a presence of a second oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere, and producing a synthesis gas from cracking deposits located on the spent cracking catalyst within the second regeneration zone at a second regeneration temperature substantially greater than said first regeneration temperature.

Abstract: Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with hydrogen while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound into a reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to add from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine to the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst resulting in a reforming system having increased activity and providing enhanced RON values with reduced cracking of feedstock.

Abstract: An improved composition and a method of scavenging oxygen using said composition which comprise oxidizable organic compounds, transition metal catalysts in combination with certain photoinitiators is disclosed. The method comprises initiating scavenging by exposing the composition to UV radiation. The present composition uses certain defined benzophenone derivatives which maintain effectiveness of photoinitiation while providing reduced migration of the photoinitiator from the resin matrix.

Abstract: A process for regenerating spent molecular sieve catalysts from a fluidized catalytic cracking unit in an oil refinery with high temperature flue gas from a second group of cyclones with the spent catalyst in a first riser regenerator to form a mixture of a half-regenerated catalyst and flue gas, separating the half-regenerated catalyst from the mixture formed in the previous step in a first group of cyclones, mixing the half-regenerated catalyst from the first group of cyclones with a sufficient amount of air for burning off coke on the spent catalyst in a second riser regenerator to form a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and a regenerator catalyst, separating the regenerated catalyst formed from the preceding step from the mixture in the second group of cyclones and recovering the surplus heat from the regenerated catalyst from the second group of cyclones by a regenerated catalyst cooler.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a zeolite catalyst comprises the following stages: (I) Heating a partially or completely deactivated catalyst to 250-600° C. in an atmosphere which contains less than 2% by volume of oxygen, (II) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from 0.1 to 4% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof, and (III) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from more than 4 to 100% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof.

Abstract: An improved composition and a method of scavenging oxygen using the composition which comprise oxidizable organic compounds, transition metal catalysts in combination with certain photoinitiators is disclosed. The method comprises initiating scavenging by exposing the composition to UV radiation. The present composition uses certain defined benzophenone derivatives which maintain effectiveness of photoinitiation while providing reduced migration of the photoinitiator from the resin matrix.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for regenerating a catalyst for the production of aromatic compounds, in particular for reforming, comprising combustion (A), oxychlorination (B) and calcining (C) steps, in which at least one chlorinating agent (conduit 19), at least one oxygen-containing gas (conduit 18), and water (conduit 20) are introduced into the oxychlorination step such that the H.sub.2 O/HCl molar ratio is 3 to 50, the oxychlorination step being carried out in the presence of an oxychlorination gas containing less than 21% of oxygen and at least 50 ppm by weight of chlorine (based on HCl), and at a temperature of 350-600.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for controlling combustion in a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator. More specifically, afterburning which occurs during the combustion process is controlled by adjusting oxygen concentration in at least one of two combustion streams which is injected into a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator. Preferably, the combustion streams used in the invention are asymmetrically injected into a dense phase catalyst bed within the regenerator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward improved processes for the regeneration of noble metal-containing catalysts wherein iron contamination of the catalyst during regeneration is significantly diminished. It has been found that maintenance of any iron present in contact with the catalyst in the oxidized state (e.g., as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) during contact of the catalyst with a source of halogen in the regeneration haliding step results in a marked decrease in the degree of catalyst contamination by iron species.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for moving bed regeneration of a reforming or aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst. The catalyst includes a support, at least one noble metal and at least one halogen. The process includes a combustion step in which the catalyst is treated in at least two successive combustion zones. Also, the process includes each combustion zone separated from adjacent combustion zones allowing catalyst to pass and preventing passage of gas, at least one oxygen-containing gas introduced into each zone and produced gases extracted from each zone, and the severity of the operating conditions in each zone increasing in the direction of catalyst flow. Advantageously, the combustion step ends in a zone for monitoring and controlling combustion completion characterized by a low or zero oxygen consumption.

Abstract: Calcium sulfide particles in mixtures with carbon particles, as in coal gasifier waste, are converted to calcium oxide by repeated cycles of oxidation and reduction by utilizing the carbon as a source of the reducing gas required for the treatment. The treatment can be conducted in a two zone fluidized bed reactor by limiting the amount and concentration of oxygen supplied to a lower reducing zone and by supplying excess oxygen to an upper oxidizing zone. Alternatively, for particles less than 0.5 mm in size, the treatment can be conducted by utilizing either two transport reactors or two circulating fluidized bed reactors in series whereby the first reactor in the series is maintained in a reducing state and the second reactor is maintained in an oxidizing state. The particles are transported sequentially through both reactors and recycled several times.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward improved processes for the regeneration of noble metal-containing catalysts wherein iron contamination of the catalyst during regeneration is significantly diminished. It has been found that maintenance of any iron present in contact with the catalyst in the oxidized state (e.g., as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) during contact of the catalyst with a source of halogen in the regeneration haliding step results in a marked decrease in the degree of catalyst contamination by iron species.

Abstract: Oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) emissions from an FCC regenerator are reduced by operating the regenerator in partial CO burn mode and controlled turbulent/laminar flow processing of the flue gas. Partial CO burn FCC catalyst regeneration produces flue gas with CO and NO.sub.x precursors. Air is added to a turbulent flow reactor such as a flue gas transfer line where most NO.sub.x precursors are homogeneously converted while leaving some CO unconverted. A downstream CO boiler thermally converts this unconverted CO. NO.sub.x emissions are less than would be experienced using a like amount of air injection to a conventional CO boiler.

Abstract: Improved compositions for scavenging oxygen are disclosed. These materials, characterized by low degree crystallinity and a glass transition temperature of lower than -15.degree. C., have high oxygen scavenging rates at low temperatures. The composition comprises an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and a transition metal salt catalyst and can be incorporated into various types of layers. It is preferable that the composition be incorporated into layers of multilayered articles used for packaging oxygen-sensitive products such as food products.

Abstract: A semi-continuous process for combusting coke from catalyst particles in a fixed bed is improved by rejecting from the combustion process a high moisture content flue gas stream which is produced by the combustion of a relatively large proportion of the hydrogen in the coke that enters the combustion section during an early stage of combustion. By operating the early stage of combustion at conditions to increase the rate of combustion of the hydrogen in the coke relative to that of the carbon in the coke, the overall equilibrium level of water in a flue gas/recycle gas that circulates through the process is lowered. The high moisture content flue gas stream from the early stage of combustion is rejected separately from the process.

Abstract: In a dehydrogenation process wherein catalyst is regenerated off-stream by use of heated air, at least two reactors are in the regeneration cycle, with regeneration air being heated to regeneration catalyst temperature for introduction into the first reactor, and thereafter being reheated to catalyst regeneration temperature and introduced into the second reactor. Such air may also be employed for preheating feed to the dehydrogenation reactor and/or for steam generation by heating such air to the temperature required for such procedure.

Abstract: A method is provided for regenerating a molecular sieve-free resid hydroprocessing catalyst for use with an ebullated bed reaction process comprising at least one hydrogenation metal and at least one Group IIA metal deposited on an inorganic oxide support wherein the catalyst contains a pore volume of pores having a diameter greater than 1200 Angstroms of at least 0.05 cc/gm. The method comprises the steps of contacting the molecular sieve-free resid hydroprocessing catalyst with a contaminant metal-containing hydrocarbon feedstream in a first contacting step at conditions sufficient to deposit contaminant metals and coke onto the catalyst; and contacting the coke-deactivated, contaminant metal-containing, molecular sieve-free catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas in a second contacting step at oxidation conditions sufficient to remove a substantial amount of the coke from the coke-deactivated, contaminant metal-containing, molecular sieve-free catalyst.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a contaminant metal-containing, coke deactivated, molecular sieve-free catalyst having at least one hydrogenation metal and at least one Group IV metal deposited on an inorganic oxide support comprising contacting the catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas under conditions sufficient to remove a substantial amount of the coke from the catalyst.

Abstract: The useful life of the palladium dehydrogenation catalyst used in the preparation of 2-alkylpyrimidines from 1,3-diaminopropane and an appropriate alkanecarboxylic acid in a continuous vapor phase process is substantially increased by employing a stoichiometric excess of the carboxylic acid and by using catalyst pellets of less than 3-4 mm diameters. Additionally, the dehydrogenation catalyst can be regenerated in situ by controlled air oxidation below 350.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the regeneration of an activated carbon or activated coke product comprising loading the activated product into a reaction vessel having two ends, initiating a flame front at one end of the vessel, introducing an oxidant to the other end of the vessel, and allowing the flame front to move through the activated product toward the end through which the oxidant is introduced.