Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating gaseous emission pollutants from a scrubber by using a narrow band of UV light energy emitted from an LED light source. The method includes sweeping the evolved gas away from the flow of liquid containing the pollutant using a non-reactive gas. The pollutant can be CO2, NOx, SOx, or other pollutants. The method can operate on multiple pollutants the gas stream, using different banks of LEDs, specifically tuned for a certain pollutant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new method for decomposing and/or removing hazardous substances using a photocatalytic material. The method of the present invention is sufficiently useful in fields requiring quick decomposition and/or removal of hazardous substances in gas and/or liquid phases. The decomposition method of the present invention using a photocatalytic material enables significantly efficient and rapid decomposition of hazardous substances in gas and/or liquid phases by causing a photocatalytic material to coexist with a dilute hydrogen peroxide solution.

Abstract: A lamp assembly including at least one light source, a housing formed from a first moisture barrier composition and a sealing cap formed from a second moisture barrier composition, wherein the at least one light source is arranged within the housing and the sealing cap is hermetically bonded to the housing and the at least one light source, and the sealing cap is arranged to enclose the at least one light source within a volume formed by the housing and the sealing cap.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for manufacturing a catalyst composition. In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a catalyst can comprise: forming a catalyst composition from a catalyst precursor and a volatile compound, disposing the catalyst composition on a substrate to form a supported composition, treating the supported composition with electromagnetic radiation, and removing at least a portion of the volatile compound to form the catalyst. In another embodiment, the method for manufacturing a catalyst can comprise: forming a catalyst composition comprising a volatile compound and a catalyst precursor, disposing the catalyst composition onto a substrate, and drying the catalyst composition at a temperature greater than or equal to a dew point of the volatile compound and less than or equal to a decomposition temperature of the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing metal nanoparticles by mixing a metal precursor with a solvent to prepare a mixed solution, and radiating the mixed solution with an ion beam to reduce the metal precursor and produce the metal nanoparticles. In addition, when metal nanoparticles are prepared by using an ion beam, uniform-sized metal nanoparticles can be mass produced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for determining the presence of an activated catalyst site in a catalyst system comprising a catalyst precursor and an activator, wherein the catalyst system is capable of providing a luminescence, the method comprising: performing a time resolved luminescence analysis on a reference analyte comprising the catalyst precursor that is not in combination with the activator, and performing a time resolved luminescence analysis on a sample analyte comprising the catalyst precursor in combination with the activator, determining a reference emission energy and a reference lifetime each associated with a maximum emission intensity in the reference output values; determining a sample emission energy and a sample lifetime each associated with a maximum emission intensity in the sample output values; and comparing the values to determine if the sample comprises an activated catalyst site. Use of the above method in relation to an activation index is also disclosed.

Abstract: Supported photooxidation catalysts containing a metal oxide or metal ion as catalyst which is fixed to the support by means of carboxylate moieties are an alternative to existing such catalysts, particularly if low cost supports such as organic polymers, particularly polyethylene, are used. The supported photocatalysts can be used in mineralisation of organic pollutants in both liquids and gases and show reduced leaching of the catalyst and good resistance towards reactive oxygen species generated during the degradation process.

Abstract: A ceramics dispersion liquid is provided. The dispersion liquid may form an applied film easily recovering hydrophilic properties with light irradiation even when contaminated by lipophilic materials. The ceramics dispersion liquid comprises a ceramics, a dispersion medium, and at least one compound selected from a carboxylic acid, an ammonium carboxylate, a salt of carboxylic acid with metal selected from Ia group, IIa group, IIIa group, Va group, VIa group, VIIa group, VIII group, Ib group, IIb group, IIIb group, IVb group and lanthanoid group, and a salt of oxalic acid with metal selected from IVa group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified photocatalyst sol comprising a liquid medium having dispersed therein particles of a modified photocatalyst, wherein the modified photocatalyst particles are prepared by subjecting particles of a photocatalyst to a modification treatment with at least one modifier compound selected from the group consisting of different compounds each of which independently comprises at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of a monooxydiorganosilane unit, a dioxyorganosilane unit and a difluoromethylene unit, and wherein the modified photocatalyst particles have a specific volume mean particle diameter. Also disclosed is a modified photocatalyst composition comprising the modified photocatalyst sol and a functional substance.

Abstract: The instant invention discloses a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula I: wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula II: wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, with a compound of the formula III: wherein R5 is as defined in claim 1. The compounds of the formula II are new and useful as stabilizers for protecting organic materials, in particular synthetic polymers, reprographic materials or coating materials against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: A photocatalyst-supporting body comprises a substrate, a porous layer fixedly disposed on at least one surface of the substrate, and a semiconductor photocatalyst layer deposited on the surface of the porous layer. The porous layer is made of fine particles or porous nonwoven metal fabric. Since the semiconductor photocatalyst is bound to the substrate through the porous layer, the area of the photocatalytic surface is increased and the contaminants in a fluid flow being treated adequately contact the photocatalytic surface thereby to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. The photocatalytic efficiency is further improved by making the porous layer dense (rough) in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate and rough (dense) with increasing distance from the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A photocatalytic oxidation purification system includes an ultra violet light source and a filter that comprises a pleated wire mesh substrate with a nanophase metal oxide oxidation catalyst suspended on the substrate, wherein the catalyst is applied without an adhesive using an electromechanical plating process. As a fluid containing organic contaminants is directed through the filter in the presence of ultra violet light from the light source, the catalyst oxidizes and decomposes the organic contaminants into environmentally harmless components. Methods of making the purification system including preparing a solution of catalyst and applying the catalyst without adhesive binding material to the filter substrate electromagnetically.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one photosensitizer of the tetrapyrrole and/or tetraazapyrrole series and a solid carrier which is swellable in water. Under the action of electromagnetic radiation the photosensitizer develops its antimicrobial action by way of the activation of oxygen and/or the promotion of processes in which free radicals are involved. Said composition is useful for treating water with the aim of freeing it of bacterial germs, algae, yeast and fungi.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions including a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser employ a photocatalytic material and a sensitiser at a locus, for example on a surface. The residue combats soils and/or undesired microorganisms at the locus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate provided, on at least a portion of one of its faces, with a coating with a photocatalytic property based on titanium dioxide which is at least partially crystalline and which is incorporated in the said coating partly in the form of particles predominantly crystallized in the anatase form. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this substrate and organic dispersions of titanium dioxide particles used in the said process for the preparation of the substrate.

Abstract: A present invention encompasses visible light response type photocatalyst having a titanium oxide layer, a mixture of titanium oxide and silicon oxide, and a silicon oxide layer, wherein these three layers are laminated in order onto a substrate.

Abstract: A photocatalytic oxidation purification system includes an ultra violet light source and a filter that comprises a pleated wire mesh substrate with a nanophase metal oxide oxidation catalyst suspended on the substrate, wherein the catalyst is applied without an adhesive using an electromechanical plating process. As a fluid containing organic contaminants is directed through the filter in the presence of ultra violet light from the light source, the catalyst oxidizes and decomposes the organic contaminants into environmentally harmless components. Methods of making the purification system including preparing a solution of catalyst and applying the catalyst without adhesive binding material to the filter substrate electromagnetically.

Abstract: A photocatalytic powder for environmental clarification, comprising finely divided titanium dioxide particles having a coating of porous calcium phosphate formed on at least part of the surface of each titanium dioxide particle, wherein an anionic surface active agent is present at least on the interface between said coating of porous calcium phosphate and the titanium dioxide particle. This photocatalytic powder is produced by dispersing finely divided titanium dioxide particles in an aqueous slurry containing an anionic surface active agent, and then forming a coating of porous calcium phosphate on at least part of the surface of each titanium dioxide particle. This photocatalytic powder is used, for example, by supporting it in an organic polymer shaped article.

Abstract: A method of reducing NOX within a gas stream includes the step of placing a NOX reducing catalyst within a flue gas stream. The NOX reducing catalyst activity is enhanced by applying a separate activating source that significantly improves removal of NOX from the flue gas stream. The NOX reducing catalyst may be a stationary NOX reducing catalyst structure positioned in the flue gas stream. Alternately, the NOX reducing catalyst may be injected into the flue gas stream as a NOX reducing catalyst powder. The NOX reducing catalyst powder may be subsequently gathered in a particulate collection device. The NOX reducing catalyst may be further activated in the particulate collection device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photocatalytic body having a good photocatalytic function characterized by using an amorphous titanium peroxide sol, and a method for making the same. A photocatalyst such as titanium oxide in the form of powder or a sol and an amorphous titanium peroxide sol are mixed in different mixing rations depending on the purpose in use and the resultant mixture is coated onto a substrate such as an organic polymer resin, dried-solidifed and/or baked to support and fixed the photocatalyst on the substrate to make a photocatalytic body. Alternatively, a first layer consisting of an amorphous titanium peroxide sol on a substrate, and a second layer made of a photocatalyst is formed on the first layer to make a photocatalytic body. According to the invention, the photocatalyst can be supported and fixed on the substrate without lowering the photocatalytic function of the photocatalyst to obtain a photocatalytic body which is usable over a long time.

Abstract: A process is described which comprises heating a methylalumoxane solution in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of at least 35.degree. C. for at least 0.5 hour in an inert, dry atmosphere such that the resulting heat-treated composition provides, in a supported metallocene catalyst produced using the heat-treated composition, increased activity as compared to the same supported metallocene catalyst produced in the same way except for using a portion of the methylalumoxane solution that has not been heat-treated. Before the heating the methylalumoxane of the solution contains from about 5 to about 35 mole percent unreacted trimethylaluminum, and was formed by partial hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum with free water in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst system supported on a support. The catalyst system is built up from at least one catalyst and at least one cocatalyst. The catalyst and the cocatalyst supported on a support material are brought into contact in a suspension solution. The fixing of the catalyst to the support is carried out under the action of microwaves.

Abstract: A particularly uniform Ziegler catalyst in the form of spherical particles is obtained by using shock waves instead of a stirrer for the thorough mixing of the reactants. By means of this highly active catalyst based on a magnesium dialkyl, it is possible to obtain polymers in the form of spherical particles in the polymerization of alpha-olefins. A further advantage of the catalyst according to the invention is its high activity, which is such that only very small amounts of the catalyst are required for the polymerization. The residual content of titanium and/or zirconium in the polymers prepared according to the invention is less than 10 ppm. By virtue of its good responsiveness to hydrogen, the catalyst is suitable for the preparation of polymers with a broad bimodal molar mass distribution, particularly in two-stage processes.

Abstract: For the treatment of solid catalyst or adsorbent particles, particles are urged upwardly in at least one vibrating helical coil having at least two pitches or turns, the particles being subjected to a temperature profile on most of their path within the coil and being contacted with at least one fluid over at least part of their path. At least one pitch or turn of the coil is heated by the Joule effect at a temperature between 20.degree. and 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of producing active carbon by microwave-induced pyrolysis of a carbonaceous material in an atmosphere wherein flame generation is prevented. The resulting product is treated with an acid to wash out sulphur or metal values and then activated with superheated steam and/or carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Provided are carbon molecular sieves produced by treating carbonacious materials with plasma. One of their most important uses is adsorbent for pressure swing adsorption processes, which are widely used for the separation of gases on industrial scales. The carbon molecular sieves meet the strong demand in this field where the performance of the adsorbent used governs the efficiency of gas separation.The carbon molecular sieves of the present invention are particularly effective in separating nitrogen gas from air.

Abstract: A surface modified catalyst of the type comprising at least two mechanically mixed elements forming active catalyst sites at the boundaries of such elements. The surface-modified catalyst is formed by irradiating a catalyst compound, which is preferably hopcalite (copper-manganese), at an energy level sufficient to cause molecular dispersion of the copper molecules and increase the number of active sites. One or more additional elements may be added to the surface-modified catalyst, e.g. lithium and yttrium, to affect the reaction properties and temperature stability.

Abstract: Deactivated hydrogenation catalysts of ruthenium metal deposited on an aluminum oxide support are regenerated by treatment with ultrasound.

Abstract: The present invention provides microencapsulated liquid or solubilized curing catalysts for one-part heat curable organosiloxane compositions. Compositions containing these exhibit long-term storage stability yet cure rapidly when heated above the melting point of the encapsulating polymer. At least a portion of these microcapsules are less than one micron in diameter, and substantially all are less than about three microns in diameter. Compositions containing the preferred platinum group metals as catalysts are optically transparent.The microencapsulated curing catalysts of this invention are prepared by the photoinitiated polymerization of at least one solubilized hydroxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a photoinitiator for the polymerization of said compound, an optional surfactant, and a liquid or solubilized curing catalyst for organosiloxane compositions.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light sensitive photoinitiator composition that includes at least one anthracene derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --(--CH.sub.2 --)--.sub.n O--(--R) with R being H or ##STR2## wherein each R.sup.I, R.sup.II and R.sup.III individually is selected from the group of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, ##STR3## wherein each R.sup.IV, R.sup.V and R.sup.VI individually is selected from the group of alkyl, alkenyl and aryl; wherein m is an integer of 0 to 4, p is an integer of 0 to 4; and is n being 1 to 2; and onium salt; and an organic solvent. The composition is used for cationic polymerization of cationic polymerizable materials including in the formation of a pattern of a photoresist. Also certain novel epoxy-functionalized organosilicons are provided that are sensitive to radiation including E-beam radiation and exhibit resistance to oxygen reactive ion etching.

Abstract: A process for regeneration of a deactivated hydroprocessing catalyst is provided. The process comprises exposing the catalyst to laser radiation in the presence of an oxidizing gas. The process may be used to regenerate supported or unsupported metal catalysts which have been fouled by coking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising(a) a titanocene photoinitiator of the formula I ##STR1## (b) a 3-ketocoumarin of the formula II ##STR2## in which both R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in claim 1, R.sup.4 is a radical of the formula V ##STR3## R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, cycloalkyl having 5-7 ring carbon atoms, phenyl or naphthyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by one to three C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy groups or halogen atoms or by one diphenylamino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 dialkylamino group, or is C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, a radical --(CH.dbd.CH).sub.a --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 or a radical of the formula V, a is 1 or 2, preferably 1, and R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or benzyl, and R.sup.11 can additionally also be a group --NR.sup.15 R.sup.16 or --OR.sup.15, wherein R.sup.15 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to electromagnetically induced thermal activation method and apparatus for in-situ preparation of samples including zeolite catalyst. More particularly, the invention relates to preparation of samples for IR spectroscopic characterization analysis. The technique is based on electromagnetically introduced thermal treatment of a catalyst situated in a specially designed vacum cell which is housed in the sample compartment of an IR analyzer. The sample is selectively heated by adsorption of direct infrared radiation from a laser. The sample is supported on a negligible mass which preferably comprises a wire made of nichrome.

Abstract: Radiation-curable two-layer systems containing immobilized photoinitiators are suitable for the production of coatings of constant thickness and good adhesion, and relief structures of high resolution and edge steepness.

Abstract: A solid catalyst composition which has undergone a partial loss of catalytic activity due to the accumulation of reaction product residue is treated in a chemical conversion process reaction zone in the presence of feedstock(s) with ultrasonic energy of a magnitude and a duration sufficient to restore at least a significant percentage of the lost activity.

Abstract: Mono- or multi-metal microaggregates in a monodisperse phase in a solid or liquid medium and of a size uniformly less than 5 nm. The microaggregates are obtained by irradiation of a metal salt or a mixture of salts, by means of an ionizing radiation source, comprising dissolving a metal salt or a mixture of metal salts, in an appropriate solvent, in the presence of an oxidizing radical scavenger, and a surfactant, a support or both a surfactant and a support, and then carrying out irradiation. The metal microaggregates are useful for catalysis of various reactions, in particular, the photoreduction of water.

Abstract: A new method is described for the in situ activation of catalysts. Conductive catalysts or catalyst compositions are treated by applying a relatively high (up to 3,000 vdc), substantially electrostatic, potential to the catalyst while the surface of the catalyst is exposed to an ionizable gas. Activation is observed only when the catalyst is biased negatively with respect to a remote counter electrode. The activation persists even after the electrical potential is removed. This activation and, in some cases, catalyst regeneration is believed to arise from the production of cation radicals which react with and remove inactivating deposits on the catalytic surface. The process is demonstrated on the nickel-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of ehtane and ethylene.

Abstract: Supported initiators for the radiation-activated polymerization of cationically-polymerizable compounds, particularly epoxide group-containing compounds, are described. The supported initiators comprise a particulate carrier and a photocatalytic ionic salt. The supported initiators are especially useful for the polymerization of cationically-polymerizable compounds in which the ionic salt alone is not soluble.

Abstract: Dithiolene complexes of the formula ##STR1## where Me is nickel, palladium or platinum, and <A is ##STR2## are readily soluble in organic solvents and have a high absorption in the range from 750 to 850 nm and are therefore very useful for optical recording media.The complexes may furthermore be used as antioxidants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors or catalysts, or as protective layers for colored photographic layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal microaggregates.The monodisperse of the invention are non-noble metal microaggregates in a monodispersed form in a solid or liquid medium and of a size uniformly less than 5 nm. They are obtained by irradiation of a metal salt or a mixture of salts, by means of an ionizing radiation source, by dissolving a non-noble metal salt or a mixture of metal salts, at least one of which is a non-noble metal, in an appropriate solvent, in the presence of an oxidizing radical scavenger and a surfactant and/or a support, and then by carrying out irradiation.Application is for catalysis of various reactions, in particular the photoreduction of water into hydrogen.

Abstract: The initiator composition is effectively used for a photopolymerizable resin composition which comprises a photopolymerizable compound having a double bond for polymerization and a polymer binder and comprises (A) thioxanthone or a substituted thioxanthone and (B) an oxime ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and represent each an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, pyridyl or quinolyl group or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be bonded together to form a ring, and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

Abstract: A process for producing an antimony-containing oxide catalyst with improved strength is described, by the steps of preparing a slurry containing an antimony compound, a polyvalent metal compound and a silica sol as the essential ingredients, adjusting the pH of the slurry to 7 or less, heat treating the slurry at a temperature of 40.degree. C. or higher, and thereafter drying the slurry and calcining the dried particles, wherein said slurry is irradiated with ultrasonic waves during the pH adjustment, or after the pH adjustment and before completion of the heat treatment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the transportation and heating of granulated materials, particularly of solid particles of catalyst used for hydrocarbon conversion which must be activated or regenerated. The process comprises moving a bed of catalyst particles on travelling bands or floor plates passing through an elongate chamber and eventually inclined to the axis. The bands are subjected to vibrations imparting to said bed an unidirectional motion, and said bed on said bands being exposed to heating by means of electromagnetic radiations of a wave length range from 0.38 .mu.m to 50 mm.

Abstract: There is described a photopolymerizable composition which contains at least one olefinically unsaturated compound and a photosensitive catalyst containing a diketone plus 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid or lower alkyl ester thereof.