Abstract: The invention relates to abed management cycle for a fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of: a) providing fresh ilmenite particles as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler; b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process; c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler; d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream; e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler. The invention also relates to a corresponding arrangement for carrying out fluidized bed combustion, comprising a fluidized bed boiler comprising ilmenite particles as bed material; and a system for removing ash from the fluidized bed boiler; wherein the arrangement further comprises a separator for separating ilmenite particles from the re-moved ash; and means for recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler.

Abstract: Presented is a process for the off-line regeneration of a deactivated nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst of a selective catalytic reduction system that is a component of a flue gas treating system. The selective catalytic reduction system is isolated to allow for removal and replacement of deactivated SCR catalyst. The removed SCR catalyst may be regenerated off-line from the flue gas treating system. The off-line regenerated SCR catalyst can be used as a replacement SCR catalyst.

Abstract: As an improvement to processes for desulfurization of natural gas and synthetic natural gas streams that employ conventional zeolitic materials (absorbents), including copper-containing zeolites, pre-treatment methods and post-treatment methods are provided that lower the level of leachable benzene following desulfurization with the absorbents to <0.5 mg benzene/L leachate, while retaining within the absorbents a majority of sulfur adsorbed from a gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decoupling the provision of electricity and high-pressure steam of a combined heat and power plant which has the primary purpose of providing process steam, i.e. which is heat-led.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing activated carbon from a particulate coal feedstock that include the introduction of a buffering gas, a moisture spray, a finest carbon fraction as a fuel, and certain gas ratios. Different methods and system configurations allow the production of activated carbon or other heat-treated carbons while concurrently avoiding adverse reaction conditions.

Abstract: A method in which a parent hydrocarbon-rich material is processed so as to produce both a carbon-rich solid material that has a higher carbon to hydrogen ratio than that of the parent material and a carbon-deficient combustible gas that has a lower carbon to hydrogen ratio than the parent material. In the process, the material is activated by exposing it to a hot gas stream having elevated levels of one or both of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The combustible gas is combusted to produce heat. At least about 80% of the heat is used in one or more endothermic steps that include drying coal or biomass.

Abstract: Two or more acidic gaseous species such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide from an adsorbent can be selectively removed from a feed gas by contacting the feed gas with an adsorbent for these acidic species, followed by: a. subjecting the adsorbent to a first purging gas, said first purging gas not containing said first acidic gaseous species and containing said second acidic gaseous species at a partial pressure which is at least the partial pressure of said second gaseous species in said feed gas; b. subsequently subjecting the adsorbent to a second purging gas, said second purging gas not containing said first gaseous species and, containing this second gaseous species at a partial pressure which is lower than the partial pressure of said second gaseous species in said feed gas.

Abstract: A method of producing an alumina-supported cobalt catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, which comprises: calcining an initial ?-alumina support material at a temperature to produce a modified alumina support material; impregnating the modified alumina support material with a source of cobalt; calcining the impregnated support material, activating the catalyst with a reducing gas, steam treating the activated catalyst, and activating the steam treated catalyst with a reducing gas.

Abstract: A reclaiming apparatus 106 includes: a sealed container 106a that is an absorbent reservoir for storing therein a part of an absorbent that has absorbed CO2 in flue gas, and a heater that heats the absorbent stored in the sealed container 106a. The reclaiming apparatus 106 distributes a part of the absorbent stored in the sealed container 106a, and brings the distributed absorbent into counter-current contact with steam. Because a part of the absorbent stored in the absorbent reservoir is brought into counter-current contact with the steam, absorbent component contained therein becomes volatilized, and is separated from depleted materials. In this manner, the absorbent component can be extracted from the depleted materials, and a loss of the absorbent can be reduced.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Generally, the process includes providing a feed to a riser of a reaction vessel, and providing a stream to a distributor positioned within a void proximate to an inlet receiving unregenerated catalyst in a regenerator. The feed can include at least one of a gas oil, a vacuum gas oil, an atmospheric gas oil, a coker gas oil, a hydrotreated gas oil, a hydrocracker unconverted oil, and an atmospheric residue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for regenerating catalysts containing mixed oxides from the group of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal oxides, aluminium oxide and silicon oxide, characterized in that the regeneration comprises the following features: i) treatment of the catalyst in situ, ii) contacting of the catalyst with water, iii) treatment of the catalyst within a temperature range from 100 to 400° C., iv) treatment of the catalyst within a pressure range from 0.1 to 2 MPa, v) treatment of the catalyst over a period of 0.1 to 24 h, vi) treatment of the catalyst with a specific catalyst hourly space velocity of 0.1 to 100 h?1.

Abstract: Two or more acidic gaseous species such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide from an adsorbent can be selectively removed from a Fig. la feed gas by contacting the feed gas with an adsorbent for these acidic species, followed by: a. subjecting the adsorbent to a first purging gas, said first purging gas not containing said first acidic gaseous species and containing said second acidic gaseous species at a partial pressure which is at least the partial pressure of said second gaseous species in said feed gas; b. subsequently subjecting the adsorbent to a second purging gas, said second purging gas not containing said first gaseous species and, containing this second gaseous species at a partial pressure which is lower than the partial pressure of said second gaseous species in said feed gas.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst regeneration process which can improve catalyst selectivity. A first aspect of the invention is characterized in that a spent catalyst from a reactor is introduced into a first fluidized bed regenerator and contacted with an oxygen-containing gas stream and optional steam to carry out a coke combustion reaction, wherein the resultant mixture of the partially regenerated catalyst and flue gas is introduced into a second fluidized bed regenerator and contacted with steam and an optional oxygen-containing gas stream to carry out a further regeneration reaction, and then the regenerated catalyst is introduced into the reactor. A second aspect of the invention is characterized in that a spent catalyst from a reactor is introduced into a fluidized dense bed regenerator and contacted with an oxygen-containing gas stream and steam to carry out a coke combustion reaction, and then the regenerated catalyst is introduced into the reactor.

Abstract: The various embodiments relate to a system and method for regenerating a direct oxidation catalyst that coverts H2S to elemental S. One embodiment of the method comprises regenerating a direct oxidation catalyst by contacting the direct oxidation catalyst with steam.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vaporizing and transporting an alkali metal salt is shown. The apparatus has a first conduit capable of transporting an alkali metal salt solution and a second conduit in fluid communication with the first conduit, the second conduit capable of transporting steam so that the alkali metal salt is dissipated into the steam forming a solution that can be transported, such as to a remote reaction zone. The solution can be transported via a third conduit that is capable of being heated by a heat source. The method can be used to add a promoter to a dehydrogenation catalyst during a dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for rejuvenating a catalyst, comprising contacting the catalyst with a gaseous feedstock at rejuvenation conditions for at least one hour to form a rejuvenated catalyst and a gaseous product, wherein the catalyst comprises at least 10 wt. % of a molecular sieve, wherein the catalyst prior to the contacting step comprises from 0.001 wt. % to 45 wt. % of hydrocarbons and 0.001 to 10 wt.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a system includes a gas cleaner. The gas cleaner includes a solvent to clean a syngas. The system also includes a heat exchanger configured to heat a liquid to generate a vapor. The system further includes a vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cycle coupled to the gas cleaner and the heat exchanger. The VAR cycle is configured to cool the solvent. In addition, the vapor drives the VAR cycle.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for regenerating catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Generally, the process includes providing a feed to a riser of a reaction vessel, and providing a stream to a distributor positioned within a void proximate to an inlet receiving unregenerated catalyst in a regenerator. The feed can include at least one of a gas oil, a vacuum gas oil, an atmospheric gas oil, a coker gas oil, a hydrotreated gas oil, a hydrocracker unconverted oil, and an atmospheric residue.

Abstract: A method for regenerating activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is provided. The method includes loading the activated coke to an environment under 150 to 250° C., heating the activated coke to a temperature of 700 to 850° C. for about 40 to 90 minutes; and providing a steam to the activated coke with a rate of 0.1 to 0.5 m3/(ton of activated coke). When the activated coke is being heated at the temperature, it generates a gas mixture including a steam portion and at least a paraffine gas. The gas mixture flows along a reverse direction relative to a flow of cooling water, so that the steam portion is converted into a part of the cooling water for recycling. The paraffine gas is used as a fuel. An apparatus for regenerating the activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is also provided.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for treating a hydrocarbon stream having one or more compounds with a boiling point of about 140° to about 450° C. The apparatus can include an extraction zone and a regeneration zone. The extraction zone can include at least one settler. Each settler can have a height and a length. Typically the length is greater than the height. Also, the settler can form a boot, which can be adapted to receive a feed at one end. The regeneration zone may include a regenerator for an ionic liquid. The regenerator can include a column adapted to provide a regenerated ionic liquid to the extraction zone.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxide storage catalysts are used to remove the nitrogen oxides present in the lean exhaust gas of lean-burn engines. As a result of the stress due to high temperatures in vehicle operation, they are subject to thermal aging processes which affect both the nitrogen oxide storage components and the noble metals present as catalytically active components. The present invention provides a process with which the catalytic activity of a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst which comprises, in addition to platinum as a catalytically active component, basic compounds of strontium and/or barium on a support material comprising cerium oxide, said catalytic activity being lost owing to the thermal aging process, can be at least partly restored. The two-stage process is based on the fact that strontium and/or barium compounds formed during the thermal aging with the support material, which also comprise platinum, are recycled to the catalytically active forms by controlled treatment with specific gas mixtures.

Abstract: A process for removing carbonaceous deposits on surfaces of catalysts and plant parts by treating the deposits with a superheated stream of steam admixed at least temporarily with an oxygenous gas is provided, which involves, in each case monitoring the offgas CO2 content after condensation of the steam, at a temperature of at least 300° C.: (a) treating the carbonaceous deposits with superheated steam at a temperature of at least 300° C. until the CO2 content of the offgas has exceeded a maximum; (b) then, with further supply of superheated steam, commencing oxygen supply, the amount of oxygen supplied being adjusted such that the CO2 content in the offgas decreases further until it has fallen to a value of <1% by volume; and then (c) ending the supply of superheated steam and passing an oxygenous gas over remaining amounts of carbonaceous deposits until the deposits have been virtually removed.

Abstract: A method for producing a regenerated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst obtained by regenerating a spent catalyst used in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, comprising a steaming step of bringing the above spent catalyst into contact with a mixed gas comprising 1 to 30% by volume of steam and an inert gas at a pressure of atmospheric pressure to 5 MPa and a temperature of 150 to 350° C., the above spent catalyst being a spent catalyst in which cobalt and/or ruthenium is supported on a carrier comprising silica with an average pore diameter measured by a nitrogen adsorption method of 4 to 25 nm, and of which activity represented by an initial carbon monoxide conversion is 40 to 95%, based on the activity of a corresponding unused catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst having decreased activity is subjected to a contact treatment with a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen. Also, the catalyst can be effectively activated by being treated by contacting with an oxidizing gas after having been treated by contacting with the reducing gas. As the catalyst for production of chlorine, a ruthenium catalyst, particularly a catalyst containing ruthenium oxide is suitably activated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for regenerating catalysts containing mixed oxides from the group of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal oxides, aluminium oxide and silicon oxide, characterized in that the regeneration comprises the following features: i) treatment of the catalyst in situ, ii) contacting of the catalyst with water, iii) treatment of the catalyst within a temperature range from 100 to 400° C., iv) treatment of the catalyst within a pressure range from 0.1 to 2 MPa, v) treatment of the catalyst over a period of 0.1 to 24 h, vi) treatment of the catalyst with a specific catalyst hourly space velocity of 0.1 to 100 h?1.

Abstract: Mesoporous activated carbon is disclosed. In at least some embodiments, virgin activated carbon to be processed may be coconut shell-based. The enhanced activated carbon may have a mesopore structure of at least about 10%. The enhanced activated carbon may be produced through a calcium-catalyzed activation process. A chelator may also be used. Catalyzed thermal activation may be carried out until a desired mass loss is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for reforming a tar-containing gas, wherein the catalyst contains at least one composite oxide as oxide containing nickel, magnesium, cerium and aluminum and the content of alumina as a single compound is limited to 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: A method for regenerating an adsorber or absorber on board a submarine, wherein the adsorber or absorber is present in the interior of the submarine for binding metabolically generated CO2-containing harmful gases, and wherein the metabolically generated CO2-containing harmful gases are transferred outboard via a compressor. The thermal energy for regenerating the adsorber or absorber is generated by burning a hydrocarbonaceous energy carrier with oxygen, wherein at least one combustion product, together with the metabolically generated CO2-containing harmful gases, is transferred outboard via the compressor.

Abstract: A process for stripping gases from catalyst material in which catalyst travels down baffles at a first acute angle and then at a second acute angle on the same baffle. Traveling down the baffle at the second angle assures the catalyst will cross a downcomer channel and land on an adjacent baffle.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a lesser amount of nitrogen within the coke so that carbon articles produced from such coke experience minimal expansion upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed from decant oil, which includes a lesser amount of nitrogen within the coke so that carbon articles produced from such coke experience minimal expansion upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a reduced nitrogen content within the coke so that the coke particles do not experience as much puffing during the formation of graphitized carbon articles produced from such coke upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream without consuming excess energy, wherein a solid sorbent material is used to capture the carbon dioxide. The solid sorbent material may utilize a water-swing for regeneration. Various geometric configurations are disclosed for advantageous recovery of CO2 and regeneration of the sorbent material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a highly active catalyst for reforming tar-containing gas used to treat crude gas for chemical energy conversion consisting of converting to a fuel composition consisting mainly of methane, hydrogen and the like, by utilizing sensible heat possessed by crude gas generated during thermal decomposition of carbonaceous raw materials, and using the high chemical reaction activity of high-temperature tar contained in and incidental to the crude gas to convert the tar to light hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst; a tar reforming method; and, a method for regenerating a catalyst for reforming tar-containing gas.

Abstract: A method of regenerating an absorbent includes preparing a reactor having a gas inlet portion and a discharge portion, filling the reactor with a reforming catalyst and an absorbent for absorbing carbon dioxide, feeding the feedstock gas and the steam via the gas inlet portion to the reactor to allow a steam reforming reaction to take place, allowing the absorbent to absorb carbon dioxide generated with hydrogen at the steam reforming reaction, and releasing the carbon dioxide from the absorbent after the carbon dioxide absorption capacity of the absorbent has been degraded. In this method, the temperature in an inside of the reactor is set to 625° C. or more at the release of the carbon dioxide, and an inert gas is fed via the discharge portion to the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel metal-promoted zeolite catalyst, a method of producing the catalyst and a method of using the catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with improved hydrothermal durability. The novel metal-promoted zeolite is formed from a low sodium zeolite and is hydrothermally treated after metal ion-exchange.

Abstract: The CO2 contained in combustion fumes is captured by carrying out at least the following steps in combination: a) a fuel is burned, producing combustion fumes; b) the fumes are placed in contact with an absorbent solution in order to produce CO2-poor fumes and a CO2-laden solution; c) the CO2-laden solution is regenerated in a thermal regeneration column (RE) in order to produce a regenerated absorbent solution and a CO2-rich gaseous effluent (5); and d) the CO2-rich gaseous effluent is cooled in order to obtain a CO2-enriched gaseous fraction which is evacuated, and a liquid fraction, which is heated by heat exchanged with the combustion fumes and then introduced at the head of regeneration column (RE) as reflux (7).

Abstract: Process for regenerating a ruthenium-containing supported hydrogenation catalyst. wherein the catalyst is treated with steam and then dried. Integrated process for hydrogenating benzene to cyclohexane in the presence of a ruthenium-containing supported catalyst, comprising, as well as the hydrogenation step. the catalyst regeneration steps.

Abstract: A reclaiming apparatus 106 includes: a sealed container 106a that is an absorbent reservoir for storing therein a part of an absorbent that has absorbed CO2 in flue gas, and a heater that heats the absorbent stored in the sealed container 106a. The reclaiming apparatus 106 distributes a part of the absorbent stored in the sealed container 106a, and brings the distributed absorbent into counter-current contact with steam. Because a part of the absorbent stored in the absorbent reservoir is brought into counter-current contact with the steam, absorbent component contained therein becomes volatilized, and is separated from depleted materials. In this manner, the absorbent component can be extracted from the depleted materials, and a loss of the absorbent can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for regenerating activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is provided. The method includes loading the activated coke to an environment under 150 to 250° C., heating the activated coke to a temperature of 700 to 850° C. for about 40 to 90 minutes; and providing a steam to the activated coke with a rate of 0.1 to 0.5 m3/(ton of activated coke). When the activated coke is being heated at the temperature, it generates a gas mixture including a steam portion and at least a paraffine gas. The gas mixture flows along a reverse direction relative to a flow of cooling water, so that the steam portion is converted into a part of the cooling water for recycling. The paraffine gas is used as a fuel. An apparatus for regenerating the activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is also provided.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxide storage catalysts are used to remove the nitrogen oxides present in the lean exhaust gas of lean-burn engines. As a result of the stress due to high temperatures in vehicle operation, they are subject to thermal aging processes which affect both the nitrogen oxide storage components and the noble metals present as catalytically active components. The present invention provides a process with which the catalytic activity of a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst which comprises, in addition to platinum as a catalytically active component, basic compounds of strontium and/or barium on a support material comprising cerium oxide, said catalytic activity being lost owing to the thermal aging process, can be at least partly restored. The two-stage process is based on the fact that strontium and/or barium compounds formed during the thermal aging with the support material, which also comprise platinum, are recycled to the catalytically active forms by controlled treatment with specific gas mixtures.

Abstract: A new process for producing a SAPO molecular sieve is disclosed wherein a mixture of a P source with an Al source is subjected to a digestion step under stirring before adding a Si source and a template. The slurry resulting after addition of all chemicals is subjected to a pH adjustment followed by the usual hydrothermal treatment at higher temperature in an autoclave. In this way, very pure highly crystalline SAPO molecular sieves such as SAPO-34 are obtained with a very high yield. In addition, the SAPOs produced this way have an exceptional activity in the dehydration reactions and can be employed as a active component of catalysts for the production of valuable dehydration products from methanol such as, but not limited to, olefins and dimethylether (DME).

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur and sulfur compounds from a catalyst includes the following steps: exposing the catalyst to a reducing atmosphere and exposing the catalyst to microwave energy. Desorption of the sulfur and sulfur compounds from the catalyst occurs at a temperature less than 600 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for regeneration of a zeolite catalyst, specifically an aluminosilicate zeolite with germanium substituted in the framework for silicon and with platinum deposited on the zeolite. The catalyst may be used in a process for aromatization of alkanes, specifically C2-C8 alkanes. The regeneration process 1) removes coke and sulfur from the catalyst via oxidation, 2) redisperses platinum on the surface of the catalyst via chlorine gas, 3) removes chlorine and bind Pt to the surface of the zeolite by steaming, 4) reduces the catalyst in hydrogen, and 5) optionally, resulfides the catalyst. The zeolite may be a MFI zeolite. The catalyst may be bound with an inert material which does not act as a binding site for platinum during the regeneration process, for example, silica.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for regenerating a used catalyst comprising two or more noble metals supported on a carrier. The method comprises calcining a used catalyst comprising a noble metal and a transition metal supported on an inorganic carrier in an oxygen-containing gas to produce a calcined catalyst; and contacting the calcined catalyst with a hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature higher than 430° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for combusting dry gas to heat the air supplied to an FCC regenerator to increase its temperature and minimize production of undesirable combustion products. Preferably, the dry gas is a selected FCC product gas. Alternatively or additionally, dry gas from an FCC product stream is separated and delivered to an expander to recover power before combustion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel metal-promoted zeolite catalyst, a method of producing the catalyst and a method of using the catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with improved hydrothermal durability. The novel metal-promoted zeolite is formed from a low sodium zeolite and is hydrothermally treated after metal ion-exchange.

Abstract: A system for optimizing operation of an amine regeneration system comprising a flash tank, a rich/lean heat exchanger, a still, a reflux condenser, a reflux accumulator, a pump, a reboiler, and a flash tank pressurization assembly.

Abstract: A method for regeneration of a rich absorbent having absorbed CO2 (5) to give a regenerated, or lean absorbent (4) wherein the lean absorbent leaving the regenerator column is flashed (32) to produce a gaseous phase (33) that is compressed (34) and reintroduced into the regeneration column, and a liquid lean absorbent phase (4) that is heat exchanged (7) against the rich absorbent.

Abstract: A method. and plant for regeneration of a rich absorbent having absorbed C02, to give a regenerated, or lean absorbent, and C02, where the rich absorbent is regenerated by stripping against steam in a regenerating column (8), where gas, mainly comprising released C02 and steam, is withdrawn from the top of the column (9) and separated (25) to give a stream of C02 that is removed, and condensed water (27) that is recycled into the regenerator column, and where lean, or regenerated, absorbent is withdrawn from the base of the column (4), wherein the gas that is withdrawn from the top of the regenerator column (9) is compressed (21) and cooled by heat exchanging to recover the heat (23,24), before separation of the gas into C02 and water.