Abstract: An immunogenic proteoliposome containing a transmembrane protein or oligomeric complexes containing such proteins, including viral envelope glycoproteins, in a lipid membrane around an elliptoid or spherical shape. The shape preferably also contains an attractant such as streptavidin or avidin and the lipid membrane contains a moiety that binds to the attractant such as biotin. The immunogenic transmembrane protein is bound to a ligand which is anchored in the shape. Methods for making the immunogenic proteoliposomes are provided. uses of the proteoliposome are described, including their use as immunogens to elicit immune reaction, and their use in screening assays, including their use as antigens to screen antibody libraries, as well as for drug screening and the identification of ligands.

Abstract: Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) is a baculovirus widely employed as a vector for the expression of foreign genes and pest control. Although baculoviruses efficiently replicate in the nuclei of arthropod cells, the dynamics and mechanism of DNA replication within the infected cell are still poorly understood. Thus, to study such viral DNA replication, the availability of peptide ligands specific for DNA-binding protein (DBP) is needed. This work resulted in the selection of peptide ligands specifically binding to DBP for AcNPV from the FliTrx™ random peptide display library, which entails the amplification, cloning of the DBP gene from AcNPV, the construction of the expression plasinid for DBP, and the expression and purification of the recombinant His.Tag AcNPV DBP which was used as a target molecule for the selection of the peptide ligands. The affinity of peptide ligands was measured by ELISA procedures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of industrial effluents using marine algae to produce potable water which process comprises the steps of: (i) contacting diluted effluents with marine red algae selected from Porphyra and Liagora, containing polysaccharides and having sulfate/acetyl functional group on the cell wall and galactopyranose on their cell membrane, for a period of at least 30 minutes preferably under stirring; (ii) treating the effluents from step (i) with calcareous material for a period of at least 30 minutes, preferably under stirring; (iii) separating the coagulated material so formed from the supernatant by conventional methods; and (iv) treating the supernatant with conventional ion-exchange resins such as cationic ion-exchange resins, anionic-ion exchange resins and activated charcoal to produce potable water.

Abstract: A process for producing organic substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds including biaryl and biheteroaryl compounds in a two-step reaction. In the first step, the aromatic or heteroaromatic compound is borylated in a reaction comprising a borane or diborane reagent (any boron reagent where the boron reagent contains a B—H, B—B or B—Si bond) and an iridium or rhodium catalytic complex. In the second step, a metal catalyst catalyzes the formation of the organic substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic compound from the borylated compound and an electrophile such as an aryl or organic halide, triflate (OSO2CF3), or nonaflate (OSO2C4F9). The steps in the process can be performed in a single reaction vessel or in separate reaction vessels. The present invention also provides a process for synthesis of complex polyphenylenes starting from halogenated aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the preparation and use of a substrate having an array of diverse materials in predefined regions thereon. A substrate having an array of diverse materials thereon is generally prepared by delivering components of materials to predefined regions on a substrate, and simultaneously reacting the components to form at least two materials. Materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, covalent network solids, ionic solids and molecular solids. More particularly, materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, inorganic materials, intermetallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, organic materials, organometallic materials, non-biological organic polymers, composite materials (e.g., inorganic composites, organic composites, or combinations thereof), etc.

Abstract: A method for denitrification of water, in which the water to be denitrified is made to flow over a porous carrier which comprises a transition metal, preferably palladium, used in an amount between 0.01 and 5% by weight on the carrier and on which denitrifying bacterial strains capable of surviving in the presence of hydrogen are made to adhere, and in which hydrogen is used as a reducing agent and the pH of the reaction is adjusted to values of 4.5 to 7.8 preferably by using carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Methods for preparing chiral non-racemic cyanoamines are provided. The methods are useful, e.g., for preparing chiral amino acids.

Abstract: A device for use in processing of a liquid and/or gas stream. The device is made up of a monolithic structure having active powder for treating streams. The structure has an inlet end and an outlet end and a multiplicity of cells extending from inlet end to outlet end. The cells are separated from one another by porous walls, a portion of the total number of cells being plugged in a pattern such that a stream enters the device through the unplugged cells at the inlet end and passes through at least two porous walls and the active powder in-between, and thereafter passes out of the device through unplugged cells at the outlet end. The device finds use in a number of applications including ion exchange, adsorption, biological and chemical reactions, and catalytic applications.

Abstract: A two-dimensional patterning of a three-dimensional surface by a template molecule (or object) involving non-covalent interactions between the template and the surface and the reversible fixation of the pattern by undergoing a phase transition in the patterned material. In this invention the surface provides a multitude of mobile functional groups (matrix) which are spatially arranged by the interaction with the template, the template selects and arranges only those groups out of a multitude of functional groups which allow for a maximum of interaction between the template and the surface. The resulting pattern is then stabilized by reducing the mobility of all functional groups present on the surface by undergoing a phase transition to a state of high surface viscosity. After separation of the template and the patterned surface, the pattern on the surface is used for recognition, separation or catalytic purposes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the large-scale and continuous production of gel beads containing a biocatalyst. The apparatus is a columnar system based on the chemical cross-linking of hydrocolloidal gels that contain and immobilize a biocatalyst, the biocatalyst being a microorganism or an enzyme. Hydrocolloidal gels, such as alginate, carrageenan, and a mixture of bone gelatin and modified alginate, provide immobilization matrices that can be used to entrap and retain the biocatalyst while allowing effective contact with substrates and release of products. Such immobilized biocatalysts are generally formulated into small spheres or beads that have high concentrations of the biocatalyst within the gel matrix.

Abstract: A processes for producing a (co)polycarbonate having a low terminal hydroxyl group concentration and being excellent in heat resistance and hue, which comprises melt-polycondensing a dihydroxy compound with a carbonic diester in the presence of a catalyst for transesterification selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing basic compound, an alkali metal borate and an alkaline earth metal borate and in the presence of a specific ester compound.

Abstract: Gelled material compositions for use as adsorbents and ion exchangers. The composition including a specific extractant, an organic solvent and a halopolymer modified by substitution with a radical of a substance compatible with the specific extractant. Optionally the composition may be in form of beads.

Abstract: A processes for producing a (co)polycarbonate having a low terminal hydroxyl group concentration and being excellent in heat resistance and hue, which comprises melt-polycondensing a dihydroxy compound with a carbonic diester in the presence of a catalyst for transesterification selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing basic compound, an alkali metal borate and an alkaline earth metal borate and in the presence of a specific ester compound.

Abstract: Porous bodies are produced which are suitable for use as supports for catalysts, including living cells, such as bacteria and which are upset resistant to acids and bases. The bodies have a significantly large average pore diameter of about 0.5 to 100 microns, (i.e. 5,000 to 1,000,000 .ANG.) and a total pore volume of about 0.1 to 1.5 cc/g with the large pores contributing a pore volume of from about 0.1 to 1.0 cc/g. The bodies are made by preparing a mixture of ultimate particles containing a zeolite and one or more optional ingredients such as inorganic binders, extrusion or forming aids, burnout agents, or a forming liquid, such as water. In a preferred embodiment, the ultimate particles are formed by spray drying.

Abstract: A bioremediation support for the support of microorganisms used in the biotreatment of an aqueous waste stream or contaminated vapor is made of a low-density siliceous glassy material. This material has a cellular or frothy texture, large pores of greater than 1,000 Anstrom units in diameter dispersed throughout the material, a high macropore volume in pores of greater than 1,000 .ANG. of more than 0.3 cc/cc and a BET surface area of greater than 10 m.sup.2 /g. A preferred material is pumice.

Abstract: A hydrated granular carrier is prepared for microbe immobilization in a biological treatment apparatus such as for treating waste water and exhaust gas. The carrier contains hydrated granular gel particles coated with a finely ground organic powder. The gel particles are made of a polymer insoluble in cold water but soluble in hot water. In making the hydrated gel particles, heated water is added to the polymer while stirring at high speed. Then, the finely ground organic powder is added together with heated water while stirring at high speed to coat the finely ground organic powder on the gel particles. Preferably, the polymer is polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 1000 to 2500 and a degree of saponification of 98% or more. Heated water added to the polyvinyl alcohol is added by spraying at 10 to 15 liters per minute at a temperature of 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. in an amount of 50 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A bioremediation support for the support of microorganisms used in the biotreatment of an aqueous waste stream or contaminated vapor is made of a low-density siliceous glassy material. This material has a cellular or frothy texture, large pores of greater than 1,000 Anstrom units in diameter dispersed throughout the material, a high macropore volume in pores of greater than 1,000 .ANG. of more than 0.3 cc/cc and a BET surface area of greater than 10 m.sup.2 /g. A preferred material is pumice.

Abstract: Porous bodies are produced which are suitable for use as supports for catalysts, including living cells, such as bacteria. The bodies have a significantly large average pore diameter of about 0.5 to 100 microns, (i.e. 5,000 to 1,000,000 .ANG.) and a total pore volume of about 0.1 to 1.5 cc/g with the large pores contributing a pore volume of from about 0.1 to 1.0 cc/g. The bodies are made by preparing a mixture of ultimate particles of bound clay, one or more optional ingredients such as inorganic binders, extrusion or forming aids, burnout agents, or a forming liquid, such as water. In a preferred embodiment, the ultimate particles are formed by spray drying.

Abstract: A method of releasing metals from catalysts in a form that is readily recoverable using denitrifying bacteria is disclosed. The method can be used to regenerate catalysts and to recover metals from catalysts, especially molybdenum and nickel.

Abstract: A novel bioadsorption composition suitable for removing heavy metal from waster water effluent, the composition comprising a biomass encapsulated sol-gel matrix. A process for preparing the biomass encapsulated sol-gel matrix is also provided. The bioadsorption composition may be suitably used to remove a substantial amount heavy metal (such as uranium) from a waste water effluent, particularly a dilute aqueous stream comprising a waste water effluent (such as mine water). Heavy metal may then be recovered from the bioadsorption composition, thereby rendering the latter as reusable.

Abstract: A method of carrying out a reaction in a solution catalytically comprising contacting a solid catalytically active material and a solution in which a catalytic reaction is to be carried out wherein the catalytic reaction yields a gas which adheres to the catalyst particles such that as the reaction is substantially complete in the immediate environment of the catalyst, the catalyst migrates to a reactant richer portion.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed which comprises a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon a substantially monomolecular layer of organic acid molecules. Each organic acid molecule is chemically bonded to a reactive site on the oxide/hydroxide surface through a phosphorus-containing acid group selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group and a phosphinic acid group. Each organic acid molecule also comprises an unreacted acid group oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface and selected from the class consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a phosphinic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: The invention is a gel bead comprising propylene glycol alginate and bone gelatin and is capable of removing metals such as Sr and Cs from solution without adding other adsorbents. The invention could have application to the nuclear industry's waste removal activities.

Abstract: Polymerized salts of polymerizable anionic monomers with cationic germicides are chemically grafted onto activated carbon in a manner to form a permanent, covalent bond thereon. The grafting of such germicides onto the activated carbon imparts permanent bacteriostatic properties thereto and the resulting bacteriostatic activated carbon can be used for the purification of drinking water over prolonged periods of time. The passage of contaminated water across this activated carbon chemically grafted with the polymerized salt of the cationic germicide results in purification of the water which remains free of elevated bacteria counts often associated with "first flush" effluents. Mere absorption of such or any germicide into the pores of the activated carbon results in desorption and leaching out of the germicide into the effluent.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane is disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide capable of reacting with a phosphoric acid ester. The treated membrane has good chemical stability over a pH range of from 2 to 12. Chemically bonded to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface of the membrane is a monomolecular layer of one or more phosphoric acid esters selected from the class consisting of one or more phosphoric acid monoesters having the formula (RO)PO(OH).sub.2, one or more phosphoric acid diesters having the formula (RO)(R'O)PO(OH), and mixtures of same where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group and R'comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group. Excess phosphoric acid esters not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed to ensure formation of the monomolecular layer of the phosphoric acid esters on the surfaces of the membrane.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane having good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14. The monomolecular layer of organic acid material is formed on the membrane surface by contacting phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH).sub.2 ; phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); monocarboxylic acids having the formula RCOOH; dicarboxylic acids having the formula R"(COOH).sub.2 ; or boronic acid having the formula RB(OH).sub.2.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising metal oxide/hydroxide particles having chemically bonded to reactive sites on a surface thereof, a monolayer of a phosphorous-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorous-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorous-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: A ligand specific to a bioactive substance to be purified is fixed, via a connecting silane, to a mineral particulate carrier chosen from among SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2, the particles of the carrier being submicronic, non-porous and having a large specific surface. The carrier is contacted with an aqueous extract containing inter alia the bioactive substances, for the time required for the substance to become specifically fixed to the carrier. The carrier is then separated and the desired bioactive substance is isolated by desorption.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising metal oxide/hydroxide particles having chemically bonded to reactive sites on a surface thereof, a monolayer of a phosphorous-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorous-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorous-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: Low molecular weight chymotrypsin analogs exhibiting the binding and catalytic groups of the real enzyme of the formula ##STR1## where D equals .alpha.-, .beta.- or .gamma.-cyclodextrin; P is X or (CH.sub.2).sub.n X, wherein n equals 0 to 2 and X equals S, NH, or 0; Q equals substituted phenyl with the carboxylate ion attached to the ortho position or equals (CH.sub.2).sub.n, wherein n equals 0 to 3; and R equals hydrogen --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5.The enzyme models are useful as an analytical model mimicking the real enzyme, a stain remover, a laundry detergent additive, a food additive, and as a therapeutic agent for treating enzyme deficiencies.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating mediators with the aid of surfactant-modified metal catalysts, and catalysts which can be used for this purpose, are described.

Abstract: An anti-I sorbent which comprises as I blood group substances at least two materials selected from the group consisting of mucin and milk derived from Eutheria and ovomucoid from Ornithurae. The use of the anti-I sorbent inhibits the formation of false positive agglutination caused by anti-I autoantibody.

Abstract: A protease adsorbent wherein valyl-glycyl-argininal is bound to a water-insoluble carrier and a process for purifying TPA utilizing the same.

Abstract: A porous mineral support such as a porous mineral oxide coated with an aminated polysaccharide polymer has cationic characteristics and is capable of reversibly fixing thereto biological macromolecules. This material is employed in the separation and purification of said biologic maromolecules.

Abstract: A separation agent composed of a water insoluble solid substance with a convatently bound lectin. Said solid substance is structurally composed of a water insoluble silica or silicate material as basic material and via a linkage to silicon atoms in the silica or silicate material, a covatently bound lectin.

Abstract: A support matrix which immobilizes enzymes by ion exchange forces comprises a core support deposited on which is a functionalized polyethylenimine insoluble in water. Such support matrices may be prepared from a virtually limitless variety of core supports since the functionalized polyethylenimines of this invention show excellent adhesive properties even to smooth surfaces. Such support matrices are particularly useful where the enzyme to be immobilized has a rather limited inherent half-life. The functionalized polyethylenimine is a carboxylic acid amide of polyethylenimine, a sulfonic acid amide of polyethylenimine or polyalkylated polyethylenimine.

Abstract: A biospecific adsorbent comprising pyroglutamyl-lysyl-leucyl-argininal combined with a water-insoluble support is provided. This biospecific adsorbent is useful as an adsorbent for use in affinity chromatography and can be utilized for the purification of proteases such as urokinase.

Abstract: A broad variety of modified inorganic oxides may be prepared by surface-metallating the oxide with a metal tetrahalide followed by displacement of a halogen bonded to the metal by a nucleophilic organic functional group. The results are organic moieties coating the surface of the oxide by being covalently bonded to a metal which, in turn, is covalently bonded to an oxygen originally associated with a surface hydroxyl of the inorganic oxide.