Antidote Contains Organic Nitrogen Compound Wherein The Nitrogen, Other Than As Nitro Or Nitroso, Is Attached Directly Or Indirectly To Carbon By Nonionic Bonding Patents (Class 504/111)
-
Patent number: 10412964Abstract: Disclosed herein are herbicidal compositions comprising a synergistically herbicidal effective amount of (a) aminopyralid, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and (b) clopyralid, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of controlling undesirable vegetation, which comprise applying to vegetation or an area adjacent the vegetation or applying to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation (a) aminopyralid, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and (b) clopyralid, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein (a) and (b) are each added in an amount sufficient to produce a synergistic herbicidal effect.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 2012Date of Patent: September 17, 2019Assignee: Dow AgroSciences LLCInventors: Louise Brinkworth, Daniel C. Cummings, Robert A. Masters
-
Publication number: 20150072859Abstract: This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”): and processes related thereto.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 19, 2014Publication date: March 12, 2015Applicant: DOW AGROSCIENCES LLCInventors: Noormohamed M. Niyaz, Negar Garizi, Yu Zhang, Tony K. Trullinger, Ricky Hunter, Ann M. Buysse, Asako Kubota, Paul R. LePlae, Jr., Daniel Knueppel, Christian T. Lowe, Dan Pernich, David A. Demeter, Timothy C. Johnson
-
Publication number: 20150051074Abstract: A composition comprising (A) one or more compounds of the formula (I) or salts thereof, in which the individual indices have the meaning defined in the description and (B) one or more safeners is described.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 30, 2014Publication date: February 19, 2015Inventors: Christopher Hugh ROSINGER, Erwin HACKER, Harmut AHRENS, Hansjoerg DIETRICH, Frank ZIEMER
-
Publication number: 20150005166Abstract: The present invention relates to solid forms of herbicide safeners, to processes for their preparation, compositions comprising the solid forms and methods of their use as safenersType: ApplicationFiled: February 8, 2013Publication date: January 1, 2015Applicant: SYNGENTA LIMITEDInventors: Ian Kevin Jones, Neil George, John Hone
-
Publication number: 20140323301Abstract: Herbicide-safener compositions are described, comprising active herbicidal ingredients from the group of the N-(tetrazol-5-yl)- and N-(triazol-5-yl)arylcarboxamides and safeners. These herbicide-safener compositions are particularly suitable for use against harmful plants in crops of useful plants.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 29, 2012Publication date: October 30, 2014Inventors: Ralf Braun, Hartmut Ahrens, Andreas Van Almsick, Simon Dörner-Rieping, Arnim Köhn, Christopher Rosinger, Elmar Gatzweiler, Erwin Hacker
-
Publication number: 20140274704Abstract: A safened herbicidal composition for use in corn (maize) including a herbicidally effective amount of (a) a compound of formula (I): or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof and (b) a safener or a compatible herbicide capable of safening such as AD67, benzenesulfonamide, benoxacor, N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2-CBSU), daimuron, dichlormid, dichloroacetamide, dicyclonon, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, naphthopyranone, naphthalic anhydride (NA), oxabetrinil, oxime, phenylpyrimidine, phenylurea, a chemical from the quinolinyloxyacetate family of chemicals, or agriculturally acceptable salts, esters, or mixtures thereof. Methods for using the safened herbicidal composition for controlling undesirable vegetation in corn (maize) also are described.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 13, 2014Publication date: September 18, 2014Applicant: Dow AgroSciences LLCInventors: Norbert M. SATCHIVI, Hilde J.A. EELEN, Monte R. WEIMER, Paul R. SCHMITZER
-
Publication number: 20140087946Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of selective insecticidal compositions, characterized by an effective amount of an active compound combination comprising (a) (1) at least one haloalkylnicotinic acid derivative of the formula (I) in which AA and R1A are as defined in the description, or (2) at least one phthalic acid diamide of the formula (II) in which XB, R1B, R2B, R3B, L1B, L2B and L3B are as defined in the description, or (3) at least one anthranilamide of the formula (III) in which A1C, A2C, XC, R1C, R2C, R3C, R4C, R5C, R7C, R8C and R9C are as defined in the description, and (b) at least one crop plant compatibility-improving compound from the group of compounds given in the description, in particular cloquintocet-mexyl, isoxadifen-ethyl and mefenpyr-diethyl for controlling insects and/or arachnids, and a method for controlling insects and/or arachnids using the compositions.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 3, 2013Publication date: March 27, 2014Inventors: Reiner FISCHER, Rüdiger FISCHER, Christian FUNKE, Achim HENSE, Wolfram ANDERSCH, Heike HUNGENBERG, Wolfgang THIELERT, Udo RECKMANN, Lothar WILLMS, Christian ARNOLD
-
Patent number: 8648011Abstract: The present invention provides a herbicidal composition comprising: (i) a compound of Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined herein; and (ii) a safener of Formula (II); or an agronomically acceptable salt of said compounds, wherein Ra, Rb and Rc are as defined herein.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 2010Date of Patent: February 11, 2014Assignee: Syngenta Crop Protection LLCInventors: Albrecht Michel, Gavin John Hall, Ian Zlexei Zelaya
-
Patent number: 8609587Abstract: An herbicidal composition containing (a) propyzamide and (b) aminopyralid provides synergistic control of selected weeds in oilseed rape and in broadleaf, grass and perennial crops.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 2011Date of Patent: December 17, 2013Assignee: Dow AgroSciences, LLC.Inventors: Richard K. Mann, Xavier de Gaujac
-
Publication number: 20130237415Abstract: Methods, compositions, and uses of herbicide safeners alone, and in combination with fungicides, to reduce mycotoxin accumulation, fungal infection and related disease in agricultural crops, plants and harvested plant material are disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 13, 2011Publication date: September 12, 2013Applicant: SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION LLCInventors: Patrick John Doyle, Marian Ladislav Stypa
-
Patent number: 8530383Abstract: Herbicidal injury caused by 6-(trisubstituted phenyl)-4-amino-2-pyridinecarboxylates in wheat and barley is reduced with the use of AD67 (MON 4660), benoxacor, 2-CBSU, daimuron, dichlormid, dicyclonon (BAS 145 138H), fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, fluxofenim, furilazole (MON 13900), glyphosate, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 2009Date of Patent: September 10, 2013Assignee: Dow AgroSciences LLCInventors: Norbert M. Satchivi, Paul R. Schmitzer
-
Publication number: 20130012384Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I), in which W, X, Y, Z, G, A and t have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. Moreover, the invention relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the spiroheterocyclic tetronic acid derivates and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The present invention furthermore relates to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising in particular phenyl-substituted bicyclooctane-1,3-dione derivates by adding ammonium salts or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants, to the corresponding compositions, to processes for their preparation and to their use in crop protection as insecticides and/or acaricides and/or for preventing unwanted plant growth.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 14, 2012Publication date: January 10, 2013Applicant: Bayer CropScience AGInventors: Thomas BRETSCHNEIDER, Reiner Fischer, Stefan Lehr, Olga Malsam, Arnd Voerste
-
Publication number: 20130005568Abstract: Disclosed are herbicidal mixtures comprising at least one compound selected from N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide and salts thereof, and at least one herbicide compound selected from acetohydroxy acid synthase inhibitors, auxin mimics, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors, and salts thereof, and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the locus of the vegetation with a herbicidally effective amount of the mixtures. Also disclosed are compositions containing at least one compound selected from N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide and salts thereof, and propagules treated with an antidotally effective amount of at least one compound selected from N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 12, 2012Publication date: January 3, 2013Applicant: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANYInventors: Stephen Douglas Strachan, Kanu Maganbhai Patel, Mark S. Casini, Gale G. Casini
-
Publication number: 20120252669Abstract: This invention concerns the use of penoxsulam as an herbicide in alfalfa.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 29, 2012Publication date: October 4, 2012Inventors: Monica Sorribas Amela, Richard K. Mann
-
Publication number: 20110263424Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oxaspirocyclic spirophenyl-substituted tetramic acid and tetronic acid derivatives of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, A, B, D, Q1, Q2, and G have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. The invention also provides selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, oxaspirocyclic spirophenyl-substituted tetramic acid and tetronic acid derivatives and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The invention furthermore relates to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I) by addition of ammonium salts or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 22, 2008Publication date: October 27, 2011Applicant: Bayer CropScience AGInventors: Thomas Bretschneider, Reiner Fischer, Gudrun Lange, Stefan Lehr, Christian Arnold, Dieter Feucht, Eva-Maria Franken, Martin Jeffrey Hills, Heinz Kehne, Olga Malsam, Christopher Hugh Rosinger, Jan Dittgen, Ulrich Gorgens, Isolde Hauser-Hahn
-
Patent number: 7981838Abstract: A mixture, which comprises (A) thidiazuron (or thidiazuron and diuron), and (B) one or more compounds from the group of the N-phenylsulfonyl(het)arylamides, if appropriate also in salt form, of the formula below: in which R21 is cyclopropyl and R22 is H, R21 is cyclopropyl and R22 is 5-Cl, R21 is ethyl and R22 is H, R21 is isopropyl and R22 is 5-Cl or R21 is isopropyl and R22 is H; is suitable for use as a defoliant, in particular in crops of cotton.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 2008Date of Patent: July 19, 2011Assignee: Bayer CropScience AGInventors: Christopher Rosinger, Frank Ziemer, Udo Bickers
-
Publication number: 20090264290Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided related to improved plants that are tolerant to more than one herbicide. Particularly, the invention provides plants that are tolerant of glyphosate and are tolerant to at least one ALS inhibitor, and methods of use thereof. The glyphosate/ALS inhibitor-tolerant plants comprise a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide that confers tolerance to glyphosate and a polynucleotide that encodes an ALS inhibitor-tolerant polypeptide. In specific embodiments, a plant of the invention expresses a GAT polypeptide and an HRA polypeptide. Methods to control weeds, improve plant yield, and increase transformation efficiencies are provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 2, 2009Publication date: October 22, 2009Applicants: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., E.I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Billy Fred McCutchen, Timothy K. Chicoine, Jerry M. Green, Christine B. Hazel, Jeffrey M. Hegstad, James M. Hutchison, Donglong Liu, Albert L. Lu, Kenneth A. Peeples, David W. Saunders, Mark D. Vogt, James F.H. Wong
-
Patent number: 7316989Abstract: There is provided a plant disease resistance-inducing composition comprising a filamentous fungus-derived glycosphingolipid. There is also provided a method for controlling a plant disease, comprising the step of treating a target plant with a composition comprising a filamentous fungus-derived glycosphingolipid.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 2002Date of Patent: January 8, 2008Assignee: Meiji Seika Kaisha, LtdInventors: Kenji Umemura, Hideki Usami, Yoshihisa Tomoda, Shigeki Tanino
-
Publication number: 20070167328Abstract: A herbicide composition for paddy field characterized by containing (a) a herbicidal difluoromethanesulfonamide derivative represented by the formula (I) and (b) at least one herbicidal compound selected from the group consisting of pretilachlor, butachlor, alachlor, metolachlor, acetochlor, clomeprop, bromobutide, benfuresate, indanofan, pyrazolate, benzofenap, pyrazoxyfen, pyraclonil, oxaziclomefone, bensulfuron-methyl, azimsulfuron, imazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, orthosulfamuron, cinosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, thiobencarb, pyributycarb, molinate, dimethametryn, simetryn, cafenstrole, quinclorac, anilofos, mefenacet, fentrazamide, pentoxazone, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, benzobicyclon, mesotrione, AVH301 (code no.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 12, 2007Publication date: July 19, 2007Applicant: Bayer CropScience GmbHInventors: Keiji Endo, Shinichi Shirakura, Shin Nakamura, Natsuko Minegishi
-
Patent number: 6932985Abstract: Disclosed is both a method and composition for controlling deleterious organisms, such as insects, nematodes and weeds by applying a compound comprised of a liquid medium comprising azide and amine. The azide can be selected from the group consisting of sodium azide and potassium azide or a combination of the two. The composition provides an effective pesticide, without causing significant harm to the environment. The composition may be applied to soil to control a population of a deleterious organism.Type: GrantFiled: October 8, 2002Date of Patent: August 23, 2005Assignee: Auburn UniversityInventor: Rodrigo Rodriguez-Kabana
-
Patent number: 6890885Abstract: A herbicidal composition that, in addition to comprising customary inert formulation adjuvants, comprises a) a compound of formula I ?wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and b) a synergistically effective amount of one or more compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.51. The compositions according to the invention may also comprise a safener.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 2002Date of Patent: May 10, 2005Assignee: Syngenta Corp Protection, Inc.Inventor: Willy T. Rüegg
-
Patent number: 6872691Abstract: What is described are herbicidal compositions comprising herbicidal compounds of the formula I and a compound which acts as safener. In the formula I, the symbols R1 to R4 denote hydrogen, halogen, alkyl and haloalkyl.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 2002Date of Patent: March 29, 2005Assignee: Bayer CropScience GmbHInventors: Monika H. Schmitt, Lothar Willms, Frank Ziemer, Christopher Rosinger, Hermann Bieringer, Philipp Huff, Erwin Hacker
-
Patent number: 6855667Abstract: The present invention relates to protection of plants from unintended phytotoxic injury due to application of a herbicide to reduce competition for the plant of interest. A preferred herbicide used in the context of the present invention is clomazone. The unintended phytotoxic injury is avoided by application of a safening-effective amount of one or more of the compounds described by formula (I) wherein T and T1 are independently selected from the group of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl; U is oxygen or sulfur, and; V, W, X, Y, and Z are independently selected from the group of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, and alkoxy. The present invention is preferably used for growing corn, wheat, and cotton in the presence of the otherwise phytoxic effects of clomazone, for example.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 2001Date of Patent: February 15, 2005Assignee: FMC CorporationInventor: David W. Keifer
-
Publication number: 20040224844Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) or salts thereof, 1Type: ApplicationFiled: March 26, 2004Publication date: November 11, 2004Applicant: Bayer CropScience GmbHInventors: Udo Bickers, Lothar Willms, Erwin Hacker, Christopher Rosinger
-
Publication number: 20040087445Abstract: What is described are herbicidal compositions comprising herbicidal compounds of the formula (I) and a compound of the formula (II) which acts as a safener.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 15, 2003Publication date: May 6, 2004Inventors: Frank Ziemer, Hermann Bieringer, Christopher Rosinger, Erwin Hacker, Lothar Willms
-
Publication number: 20030224937Abstract: A mixture of a herbicidally effective amount of a haloacetamide of formula I 1Type: ApplicationFiled: May 22, 2003Publication date: December 4, 2003Inventors: Jutta Glock, Manfred Hudetz
-
Patent number: 6544927Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for reducing defoliation of plants and trees. Preferably, the methods and compositions of the invention reduce defoliation associated with the application of abscission agents or herbicides to plants and trees.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 2001Date of Patent: April 8, 2003Assignee: University of FloridaInventor: Jacqueline Kay Burns
-
Publication number: 20020183205Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for reducing defoliation of plants and trees. Preferably, the methods and compositions of the invention reduce defoliation associated with the application of abscission agents or herbicides to plants and trees.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 29, 2001Publication date: December 5, 2002Inventor: Jacqueline Kay Burns
-
Publication number: 20020055435Abstract: The invention relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally acceptable carrier and/or surface active agent and, as active ingredient, a synergistically effective amount ofType: ApplicationFiled: August 24, 2001Publication date: May 9, 2002Applicant: Intellectual Property DepartmentInventors: Helmut Siegfried Baltruschat, Astrid Brandt
-
Patent number: 5880066Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to the use of a variety of antidotal compounds to safen crop plants from the phytotoxicity of azolopyrimidine sulfonamide herbicides.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1991Date of Patent: March 9, 1999Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Barbara Heard Wells, Harrison Ross Hakes, David James Mayonado, John Paul Chupp
-
Patent number: 5756087Abstract: Strains of Pseudomonas have been genetically engineered to have enhanced biocontrol properties. The strains of the invention are particularly effective against plant pathogenic fungi such as species of Rhizoctonia and Pythium, because the strains produce enhanced amounts of antifungal metabolites such as pyrrolnitrin that are active against these fungal pathogens. Both the genetically modified biocontrol strains and the antifungal metabolites can be used as active agents for biocontrol compositions.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1996Date of Patent: May 26, 1998Assignee: Novartis Finance CorporationInventors: James M. Ligon, Dwight S. Hill, Stephen T. Lam, Thomas D. Gaffney, Nancy Torkewitz
-
Patent number: 5739079Abstract: Substituted (hetero)aryl compounds, process for their preparation, agents containing them, and their use as safenersCompounds of the formula I and their salts, as defined in claim 1, are suitable as safeners for protecting crop plants against the phytotoxic side-effects of herbicides.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1995Date of Patent: April 14, 1998Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Xenia Holdgrun, Lothar Willms, Klaus Bauer, Klaus Trinks, Hermann Bieringer
-
Patent number: 5696050Abstract: There is provided a method for safening herbicides in crop plants by using substituted benzopyran or tetrahydronaphthalene compounds of formula I ##STR1## Further provided are compounds of formula II and compositions comprising a herbicide and an antidotally effective amount of a substituted benzopyran or tetrahydronaphthalene compound of formula I.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1995Date of Patent: December 9, 1997Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventors: Gail Ezra Cary, Nina Rose Quinn
-
Patent number: 5605875Abstract: Herbicidal compositions containing at least one liquid and/or solid carrier, if desired at least one adjuvant, anda) an antagonistically active amount of 3-(2-chlorophenylmethyl)-1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)urea and/or 1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-3-(4-tolyl)ureaandb) a herbicidally active amount of at least one cyclohexenone oxime ether.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1995Date of Patent: February 25, 1997Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Matthias Bratz, Ulf Misslitz, J urgen Kast, Wilhelm Rademacher, Helmut Walter
-
Patent number: 5532203Abstract: Mixtures of a herbicidally effective amount of a pyridylsulfonylurea of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and A are as defined in claim 1, and of a herbicide-antagonistically effective amount of a sulfamoylphenylurea of formula II, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.7 to R.sub.11 and A.sub.2 are as defined in claim 1, are very suitable for controlling weeds in crops of useful plants, especially maize and sugar cane.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1995Date of Patent: July 2, 1996Assignee: Ciba-Geigy CorporationInventors: Werner Fory, Elmar Kerber, Manfred Hudetz
-
Patent number: 5484760Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to means for combatting the adverse phytotoxic action to crops arising from the interaction of various herbicidal compounds and biocidal compounds, e.g., insecticidal and/or fungicidal compounds. The means employed to reduce said interaction involves the safening action of various antidotal compounds.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1991Date of Patent: January 16, 1996Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Brett H. Bussler, Harrison R. Hakes, David J. Mayonado
-
Patent number: 5407897Abstract: There is provided a method for safening herbicides in crop plants by using substituted benzopyran or tetrahydronaphthalene compounds of formula I ##STR1## Further provided are compounds of formula II and compositions comprising a herbicide and an antidotally effective amount of a substituted benzopyran or tetrahydronaphthalene compound of formula I.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1993Date of Patent: April 18, 1995Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventors: Gail E. Cary, Nina R. Quinn
-
Patent number: 5280007Abstract: There is provided a method for protecting a rice crop from injury caused by a sulfamoyl urea herbicide which comprises applying to the crop a non-phytotoxic antidotal amount of a compound selected from 1-(.alpha.,.alpha.,-dimethylbenzyl)-3-p-tolylurea and S-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-1-piperidinecarbothioate.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1991Date of Patent: January 18, 1994Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventor: Kaiji Kawai
-
Patent number: 5213604Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for preventing chemical injuries to vegetables, fruits or flowers caused by methyl bromide, which comprises keeping the vegetables, fruits or flowers, which have been fumigated with methyl bromide, together with (A) an agent for eliminating methyl bromide comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of chloric acid, chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid and salts thereof and/or (B) an amine. According the present invention, the chemical injuries to vegetables, fruits or flowers caused by methyl bromide can be easily prevented.Type: GrantFiled: November 18, 1991Date of Patent: May 25, 1993Assignee: Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Hitoshi Saito, Shigeo Hayashimoto, Mutsumi Matsumoto
-
Patent number: 5201933Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to the use of certain amides of dichloroacetic acid and other compounds as safener/antidotal compounds to reduce the phytotoxicity to crop plants, especially corn, of benzoic acid-type herbicides alone or in admixture with other co-herbicidal compounds, e.g., .alpha.-haloacetamides.Type: GrantFiled: October 12, 1990Date of Patent: April 13, 1993Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Knudt J. Miller, Brett H. Bussler