Abstract: The present invention relates to antifouling coatings capable of being switched by using heat or ultraviolet light. Prior to switching, the coating includes an onium cation component having antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Upon switching, the coating is converted to a conjugated polymer state, and the cationic component is released with any adsorbed biofilm layer. Thus, the coatings herein have switchable and releasable properties. Methods of making and using such coatings are also described.

Abstract: Catalysts for the dehydration of lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof in liquid phase comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid are provided.

Abstract: A stabilized composition is disclosed which contains at least two biocides, particularly at least two non-oxidizing biocides. In one embodiment, the composition contains a phosphonium sulfate compound combined with a dialkyl dimethyl quaternary amine compound. In order to stabilize the composition, an alkyl trimethyl ammonium compound is added to the composition. In one embodiment, the stabilizing agent produces a single phase composition. With the aid of the stabilizing agent, the single phase concentrated compositions can be produced that can later be diluted for use. In one embodiment, the composition may be used to treat aqueous systems in industrial applications.

Abstract: A composite material having inherent microbicidal activity is herewith described. The microbicidal composite material comprises of a first layer having a first predefined thickness and a first predefined stitch/thread density; a second layer having a second predefined thickness and a second predefined stitch/thread density; an intermediate layer having a third predefined thickness and a third predefined stitch/thread density, wherein the intermediate layer is sandwiched between the first layer and the second layer, and where the intermediate layer is connected to the first layer and the second layer to form a three dimensional structure, and where each layer in the three dimensional structure has a plurality of apertures. Further, at least one layer in the three dimensional structure comprises at least one of microfibers and nanofibers having augmented surface moieties, wherein the augmented surface moieties allow for binding of a microbicidal agent to impart the inherent microbicidal activity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pesticidal formulation including i) at least one pesticide, typically an organophosphate compound in an amount between 5.0% w/w and 40.0% w/w, preferably between 15.0% w/w and 30.0% w/w, ii) Solvent system comprising at least one glycol ether and at least one lactone in an amount between 10.0% to 80.0% w/w, preferably between 30.0% w/w and 55% w/w, with ratio of the glycol ether and the lactone is the in the range of 1:9 and 9:1, preferably in the range of 2:8 and 4:6, iii) Surfactant system containing at least two nonionic surfactants where the primary surfactant has an HLB range of 10 to 20 and the co-surfactant has a HLB range 1 to 5, in an amount ranging between 0.1% w/w to 60.0% w/w preferably in the range of 20.0% w/w to 40.0% w/w, and iv) at least one excipient in the range of 0.1% w/w to 10% w/w and preferably 0.5% w/w to 5.0% w/w.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mixtures containing hydrazone compounds and copper for controlling the growth of algae.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel biocide composition for use in gravity fed water purification devices and suitable for purifying water for drinking purposes and a process for preparing the novel biocide composition. The biocide tablet composition comprises one or more halogenated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin compound; a chlorine biocide compound selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) or mixtures thereof; 0.1-1.0% water soluble boron containing compound; wherein the ratio between the halogenated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin compound and chlorine biocide compound is in the range 85:15 to 65:35 and the average particle size of the halogenated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin compound and chlorine biocide compound is in the range 400 to 1200 microns.

Abstract: Described are preferred methods and compositions for controlling aquatic weeds that involve the use of an ALS-inhibiting herbicidal agent such as penoxsulam in combination with endothall. Preferred herbicidal combinations allow for enhanced control when treating a body of water to control a target weed population, such as hydrilla.

Abstract: A method of controlling moss by applying to grass infested with moss a dry composition including: a) a source of nitrogen such as isobutylenediurea or methylene urea; b) a non-ionic surfactant or wetting agent; c) a metal containing salt, and d) an acidic pH adjusting agent effective to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between 2.5 and 5 when wetted on grass. The dry composition may be a granular composition, and may be applied by broadcasting over a large area.

Abstract: A stable aqueous concentrate comprising a polymeric biguanide, a chelating agent and a water-miscible organic solvent for controlling the growth of algae, fungi and pathogenic organisms in water.

Abstract: A storage-stable biocidal aerated gel composition comprises from 30 to 97% by weight of water, from 0.2 to 5% by weight of a gelling agent selected from xanthan gum, sodium alginate and neutralised carboxyvinyl polymer from 2 to 5% by weight of a fine particulate, hydrophobic silicone-treated silica having a surface area of from 80 to 300 m2/g and from 0.004 to 20% by weight of a biocide which said composition is in the form of fine particles of an aqueous gel containing the water, gelling agent and the biocide, the surfaces of which fine particles are coated with a coating of the finely particulate hydrophobic silica. The biocidal aerated gel composition can be used to control pests using one or more appropriate biocides in the composition.

Abstract: Improved methods for the identification of transgenic plants containing NPTII protein are disclosed. Application of organosilicone surfactant in combination with kanamycin and/or paromomycin facilitates the identification of plants containing NPTII protein.

Abstract: Dry, stable, high available halogen sanitizing granular compositions with a rapid rate of dissolution comprising halogenated 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones and a dissolution accelerant that is an alkali metal salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione are disclosed. The disclosed compositions may include inorganic and/or organic disintegration agents. Additionally, these compositions may contain other performance enhancing additives such as water clarifiers, algaestats/algaecides, surfactants, glidants, processing aids, and binders. These UV stable sanitizing compositions contain a high available halogen content, and are stable even when stored in high-humidity environments.

Abstract: A method of treating plants to raise their resistance to viroids and to protect them from the effects of viroid infections by administering bioassimilable boron compounds to the plants.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium carbonates having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group have been synthesized.These compounds and compositions further comprising the corresponding quaternary ammonium bicarbonate ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and/or the corresponding quaternary ammonium metal carbonate ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group; R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and M is a non-coupler metal, are prepared by reacting two reactants, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl quaternary ammonium chloride and a metal hydroxide, in a solvent comprising a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 normal alcohol.

Abstract: Wood preservative systems comprising (a) a biocidal effective amount of (i) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.8 -C.sub.l2 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, interrupted or uninterrupted C.sub.1 -C.sub.100 group; l and q independently are 1, 2 or 3 and (l) (q) is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; (ii) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium borate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above, and a is 2 or 3, but when a is 2, b is 0 or 1, and when a is 3, b is 0, 1, or 2; or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii); and (b) a solvent are provided. These carboxylate quats as well as carboxylate quats wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group are preferably prepared by an indirect or a direct synthesis.

Abstract: Disclosed are trichloroisocyanuric acid compositions that have improved algicidal and/or fungicidal properties yet are relatively safe and non-corrosive. The compositions preferably contain between about 50% and about 95% TCCA, between about 0.5% and about 7% glycoluril, between about 2% and about 40% alum, and between about 2% and about 40% borax. The compositions generate substantially less chlorine gas than would be expected from the teachings of the prior art, especially when wet. The inventive compositions are therefore less toxic and less corrosive.

Abstract: A method has been discovered for controlling bacterial growth using a dry biocide. Tetra-kis-hydroxymethyl-phosphonium sulfate (THPS) is adsorbed on a solid, particulate substrate through a spraying technique. The THPS in a dry form eliminates or reduces risks involved in handling and shipping the normally liquid THPS.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling or combatting the attachment of a fouling organism to an underwater surface which comprises contacting said organism with an antifouling-effective amount of a diarylboron compound of formula I. A method for protecting aquatic structures against fouling by a marine or freshwater fouling organism and antifoulant compositions therefor are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are trichloroisocyanuric acid compositions that have improved algicidal and/or fungicidal properties yet are relatively safe and non-corrosive. The compositions preferably contain between about 50% and about 95% TCCA, between about 0.5% and about 7% glycoluril, between about 2% and about 40% alum, and between about 2% and about 40% borax. The compositions generate substantially less chlorine gas than would be expected from the teachings of the prior art, especially when wet. The inventive compositions are therefore less toxic and less corrosive.

Abstract: The biocidal activity of THP (tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium) compounds is synergistically enhanced by using them in conjunction with wetting agents.

Abstract: Wood preservative systems comprising (a) a biocidal effective amount of (i) at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium carboxylate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, interrupted or uninterrupted C.sub.1 -C.sub.100 group; l and q independently are 1, 2 or 3 and (l) (q) is 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; (ii) at least one di C.sub.8 14 C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium borate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as above, and a is 2 or 3, but when a is 2, b is 0 or 1, and when a is 3, b is 0, 1, or 2; or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii); and (b) a solvent are provided. These carboxylate quats as well as carboxylate quats wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group are preferably prepared by an indirect or a direct synthesis.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3 have antiviral activity. Compounds of the formula wherein at least one of the internecleotide phosphorothioate linkages is of the Sp configuration possess increased antiviral activity and/or metabolic stability.

Abstract: A method of producing a water soluble copper silicate by reacting a copper salt with an alkali silicate in an acidic solvent to produce an aqueous solution of acidified copper silicate capable of being used as a fungicide or pesticide.

Abstract: Synergistic antimicrobial combinations of polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates and one or more members selected from the group consisting essentially of the following non-oxidizing biocides:didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride;dodecylguanidine hydrochloride;methylene bisthiocyanate;2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo-propionamide;2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole glutaraldehyde;potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate;5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one;2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one;tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2,H-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione;1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane;are useful for inhibiting microbial growth in a variety of aqueous systems.

Abstract: The growth of algae, fungi and pathogenic organisms in commercial and recreational waters, such as cooling towers, swimming pools and spas, may be controlled by adding to the water a primary sanitizing agent, preferably poly(hexamethylene biguanide) ("PHMB"), and a potentiating adjuvant comprising a calcium ion-chelating agent, preferably ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid ("EDTA"), in amounts such that the adjuvant renders the composition algicidal and fungicidal in water. The water may be further treated with a peroxy salt as a backup agent, preferably sodium perborate, or the calcium ion-chelating agent and peroxy salt may be combined as a shock treatment to water being treated with the primary sanitizing agent.

Abstract: A biocidal composition comprising a dry, water soluble mixture of a solid bromide and a stable, solid peracetylperoxyborate compound useful as a chlorine-free water treatment system, said peracetylperoxyborate composition generating hypobromous acid upon addition of water. Methods of treating water with said compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biocide composition comprising(A) 1 to 50% by weight of a biocide, and(B) 0.005-60% by weight of a biocide activator having the specific formula is provided. The biocide effect of a biocide can be enhanced with the use of an effective amount of a biocide activator.

Abstract: Synergistic antialgal compositions comprising substituted fluoroalkyl diphenylethers and a material selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite, halodialkylhydantoin, n-alkyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride], 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and salts thereof, zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), p-tolydiiodomethylsulfone and fatty acid salt in ratios to each other which exhibit synergism are disclosed. Particularly effective combinations are based on oxyfluorfen as the diphenylether for use in protecting aqueous systems, such as latices and cooling water systems, from algal growth.