The Additional Hetero Ring Is Five-membered Including Nitrogen Patents (Class 504/252)
  • Patent number: 5502027
    Abstract: This invention relates to glutarimide compounds exhibiting herbicidal activity having the structure ##STR1## wherein A is carbonyl, thiocarbonyl or methylene, Al is carbonyl or methylene, Q is O or (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0 or 1, D is CH or N and R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, T, X, Y and Z are as defined within, compositions containing these compounds and methods of using these compounds as herbicides and algicides.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 14, 1994
    Date of Patent: March 26, 1996
    Assignee: Rohm and Haas Company
    Inventors: Barry C. Lange, John W. Ashmore, Jane Wissinger-Cornille, Colin M. Tice
  • Patent number: 5480857
    Abstract: 4-heteroaroylisoxazole derivatives of formula I: ##STR1## wherein: Ar represents an optionally substituted group Het, wherein Het represents a first heterocyclic ring containing from one to four heteroatoms in the ring selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, which is optionally fused with a benzene, or carbocyclic or second heterocyclic ring (which is optionally saturated or partially saturated) to form a bicyclic system, wherein the first heterocyclic ring of the group Het is attached to the carbonyl group in the 4-position of the isoxazole ring;R represents hydrogen or --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3 ;R.sup.1 represents alkyl or haloalkyl or a cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more groups R.sup.4 ;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent alkyl or haloalkyl;agriculturally acceptable salts thereof and their use in weed control is described.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 17, 1993
    Date of Patent: January 2, 1996
    Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Limited
    Inventors: Susan M. Cramp, Philip H. G. Smith
  • Patent number: 5438033
    Abstract: This invention relates to certain herbicidal pyridine compounds, agriculturally suitable compositions and a method of use of herbicidal pyridine compounds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 9, 1993
    Date of Patent: August 1, 1995
    Assignee: E. I. duPont de Nemours and Company
    Inventors: Joseph E. Drumm, Renee M. Lett, Dennis R. Rayner, Morris P. Rorer, Chi-Ping Tseng
  • Patent number: 5424276
    Abstract: 5-Aryl isoxazole derivatives of general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: Ar represents phenyl optionally substituted substituted by one or more groups R.sup.2 or pyridyl substituted by one or more groups R.sup.2 ;R represents:hydrogen, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --COR.sup.4, cyano, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl;R.sup.1 represents:alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl;R.sup.2 represents:a halogen atom, R.sup.4, nitro, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --OR.sup.4, --S(O).sub.m R.sup.4, --S(O).sub.m R.sup.5, --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --OR.sup.4 or an alkyl group substituted by --OR.sup.4 ;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represent alkyl or haloalkyl;R.sup.5 represents optionally substituted phenyl;p represents an integer from 1 to 3; andm represents zero, 1 or 2;the herbicidal properties of these derivatives and their application to crop protection is described.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 8, 1994
    Date of Patent: June 13, 1995
    Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Agriculture Ltd.
    Inventors: Paul A. Cain, Susan M. Cramp, Claude Lambert
  • Patent number: 5395817
    Abstract: Substituted N-arylindoles, a process for producing them and their use as herbicides. In particular, substituted N-arylindoles of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed in which: R is hydrogen; halogen; nitro; cyano; alkyl; alkoxy; alkenyloxy; alkynyloxy; alkoxyalkyl; carbonylalkoxy; alkyloxyalkoxy; cyanoalkoxy; benzyloxy; alkoxycarbonylalkoxy; alkylcarbonylalkoxy; haloalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; formyl; azido; carboxy or a salt thereof; amino; substituted amino; carboxyamido; substituted carboxyamido; sulfonamido wherein the N is substituted with hydrogen and/or alkyl; or YR.sup.4 wherein Y is O or S(O).sub.m and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, hydroxycarbonylalkyl or aminocarbonylalkyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, cyano, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or carboxy or a salt thereof; X is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkyl or alkoxy; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cyano, halogen, or SO.sub.y R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 9, 1992
    Date of Patent: March 7, 1995
    Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLC
    Inventors: Ference M. Pallos, Christoper J. Mathews
  • Patent number: 5374605
    Abstract: The invention relates to isoxazolecarboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A represents alkanediyl,Q represents oxygen, sulphur, imino (NH) or alkylimino (N-alkyl),R.sup.1 represents an in each case optionally substituted radical from the series comprising alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, halogen or optionally substituted alkyl, andR.sup.3 represents in each case optionally substituted cyclohexyl or phenyl,with the exception of the compounds: N-benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-3-carboxamide N-(2-phenyl-ethyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-3-carboxamide and N-benzyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-3-carboxamide, a process for their preparation, and their use as herbicides.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 8, 1993
    Date of Patent: December 20, 1994
    Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Werner Hallenbach, Hans-Joachim Santel, Klaus Lurssen, Robert R. Schmidt
  • Patent number: 5369084
    Abstract: Isonicotinic acid derivatives and related furo-, thieno- and pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-1(3H)-one, -thione and -imine compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## Q is O, S or NR.sup.7 ; Y is O, S or NR.sup.8 ; L is COOR.sup.9, CONR.sup.10 R.sup.11, C(.dbd.S)NR.sup.10 R.sup.11, CN, or a radical of formula ##STR3## the acceptable addition salts, the stereochemically isomeric forms and the N-oxides thereof, having herbicidal properties, compositions containing the same and methods for controlling weeds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 6, 1993
    Date of Patent: November 29, 1994
    Assignee: Janssen Pharmaceutical N.V.
    Inventors: Hans-Rudolf Waespe, Guy R. E. Van Lommen, Victor K. Sipido
  • Patent number: 5314863
    Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## and their use as antidotes against the phytotoxicity of many herbicides used on crops, without diminishing the effect of the herbicide against weeds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 25, 1992
    Date of Patent: May 24, 1994
    Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Heinz J. Loher, Wilfried Schwab, Klaus Bauer, Hermann Bieringer
  • Patent number: 5262387
    Abstract: Pyridine derivatives of the formulae ##STR1## wherein W, X, Y and Z are each C--R.sup.4, N or N.fwdarw.O, with the proviso that the ring contains only one heteroatom, and the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the following meanings:R.sup.1 is alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen,R.sup.3 is formyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl or --CO--A--R.sup.5 or --CO--NR.sup.6.sup.R.sup.7, whereR.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 20, 1991
    Date of Patent: November 16, 1993
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Gerhard Hamprecht, Norbert Goetz, Bruno Wuerzer, Karl-Otto Westphalen
  • Patent number: 5260262
    Abstract: The present invention provides novel herbicidal pyridines characterized by having in the 3- or 5-position an aliphatic or aromatic 1-ketone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 6, 1991
    Date of Patent: November 9, 1993
    Assignee: Monsanto Company
    Inventors: Len F. Lee, Yuen-Lung L. Sing, Sai C. Wong
  • Patent number: 5258357
    Abstract: Carboxamides of the formulae Ia to Ic ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, cyanoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl or naphthyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic structure or one of the groups stated for R.sup.1, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a 4- to 7-membered chain which contains, in addition to methylene groups, one of the following groups as ring member: oxygen, sulfur, N-methyl or carbonyl;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each nitro, cyano, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted amino, alkoxy, alkylthio, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 6 -membered heterocyclic structure, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio, or one of the groups stated for R.sup.1 ;R.sup.5 is formyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl or COYR.sup.6 (Y=O,S);R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 21, 1992
    Date of Patent: November 2, 1993
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Peter Muenster, Gerd Steiner, Wolfgang Freund, Bruno Wuerzer, Karl-Otto Westphalen
  • Patent number: 5256632
    Abstract: Herbicidal sulphonylated carboxamides of the formulaR.sup.1 --CO--NH--SO.sub.2 --(A).sub.n --R.sup.2 (I)in whichn represents the numbers 0 or 1,A represents oxygen, iminio (NH) or methylene (CH.sub.2),R.sup.1 represents a five-membered heteroaryl radical which contains 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and additionally one oxygen or sulphur atom in the ring and which is optionally substituted by halogen or by alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino or phenyl which are in each case optionally substituted, andR.sup.2 represents aryl or heteroaryl which are in each case optionally substituted,or salts thereof, with the exclusion of the compound 2-dimethylamino-N-(4-methyl-phenylsulphonyl)-5-thiazole carboxamide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 18, 1992
    Date of Patent: October 26, 1993
    Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Hilmar Wolf, Rolf Kirsten, Hans-Joachim Santel, Klaus Lurssen, Robert R. Schmidt
  • Patent number: 5250501
    Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt, enamine or the like, acylate, sulphonate, carbamate or ether derivative thereof; wherein X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or cycloalkyl group, and Y is an optionally substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene group which is optionally interposed by an oxygen atom, a group ##STR2## or an optionally mono-substituted nitrogen atom, wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, s is 0 or 1 and R.sup.b is alkyl or alkoxy; provided that when X, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are oxygen R.sup.1 is not pyridyl or pyrimidinyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and herbicidal compositions containing them are also described and claimed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 10, 1992
    Date of Patent: October 5, 1993
    Assignees: Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, ICI Americas, Inc.
    Inventors: John E. D. Barton, David Cartwright, John M. Cox, Glynn Mitchell, Charles G. Carter, David L. Lee, Francis H. Walker, Frank X. Woolard
  • Patent number: 5232899
    Abstract: A herbicidal substituted benzoxazolinones of the formula ##STR1## in which: R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, carboxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, cyanoalkoxy, haloalkysulphonylamino, alkysulphonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, haloalkyl, halogen, nitro, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, hydroxy, benzyloxy and cyano;n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, haloalkyl, alkyl, alkyoxy, and alkythio;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkyoxy, nitro and cyano; andZ is N or C--R.sub.3, wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, alkythio, alkoxy and haloalkyl. Also disclosed is an herbicidal composition and method of treating weeds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 8, 1992
    Date of Patent: August 3, 1993
    Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries plc
    Inventor: Ferenc M. Pallos
  • Patent number: 5216171
    Abstract: 2-Amino-4-trichloromethylpyridines of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or phenyl, benzyl or phenylsulfonyl,--CX--R.sup.3, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 or --PX(OR.sup.4).sub.2 orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form .dbd.CR.sup.5 R.sup.6 or --CO--Z--CO--,X is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, morpholino, piperidino, pyrazolidino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkylcarbonylamino, substituted or unsubstituted phenylamino or benzylamino,R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -haloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 8, 1991
    Date of Patent: June 1, 1993
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Helmut Hagen, Hans Ziegler, Juergen Pfister, Gerhard Nilz, Gisela Lorenz, Juergen Dressel
  • Patent number: 5213606
    Abstract: 4-Carboxy-2-aryloxyphenoxyalkyl substituted heterocycle compounds which are effective for the selective control of grass weed species in the presence of crops are described. Also described are a method for the selective herbicidal use of the compounds and methods for their preparation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 27, 1991
    Date of Patent: May 25, 1993
    Assignee: American Cyanamid Company
    Inventors: Robert L. Arotin, Michael A. Guaciaro
  • Patent number: 5205854
    Abstract: Isoxazole(isothiazole)-5-carboxamides, having herbicidal activity, of the formula ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical having one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and which may be substituted, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, orR.sup.2 is formyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl or a radical of the formula COYR.sup.5 or CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 23, 1991
    Date of Patent: April 27, 1993
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Wolfgang Freund, Thomas Kuekenhoehner, Gerhard Hamprecht, Bruno Wuerzer, Karl-Otto Westphalen, Norbert Meyer, Hans Theobald
  • Patent number: 5205853
    Abstract: Herbicidal sulphonylated carboxamides of the formulaR.sup.1 --CO--NH--SO.sub.2 --(A).sub.n --R.sup.2 (I)in whichn represents the numbers 0 or 1,A represents oxygen, imino (NH) or methylene (CH.sub.2),R.sup.1 represents a five-membered heteroaryl radical which contains 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and additionally one oxygen or sulphur atom in the ring and which is optionally substituted by halogen or by alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino or phenyl which are in each case optionally substituted, andR.sup.2 represents aryl or heteroaryl which are in each case optionally substituted,or salts thereof, with the exclusion of the compound 2-dimethylamino-N-(4-methyl-phenylsulphonyl)-5-thiazole carboxamide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 1991
    Date of Patent: April 27, 1993
    Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Hilmar Wolf, Rolf Kirsten, Hans-Joachim Santel, Klaus Lurssen, Robert R. Schmidt
  • Patent number: 5201932
    Abstract: Carboxamides Ia, Ib, Ic and Id ##STR1## (X=O, S; R.sup.1 =H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy or phenylthio, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical containing one or two heteroatoms, cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl which may be epoxidized, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl; R.sup.1 '=cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl which may be epoxidized, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl; R.sup.2 =CHO, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl, COYR.sup.5, CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ; Y=O, S; R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 4, 1992
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1993
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Volker Maywald, Wolfgang Freund, Gerhard Hamprecht, Thomas Kuekenhoehner, Peter Plath, Bruno Wuerzer, Karl-Otto Westphalen
  • Patent number: 5199970
    Abstract: The invention relates to novel, herbicidally active 2-[4-(5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyloxy)phenoxy]-propionic acid derivatives of the general formula (I), ##STR1## The invention also relates to herbicide compositions containing the compounds of the general formula (I) as active ingredients as well as to a process for the preparation of these compounds and compositions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 1990
    Date of Patent: April 6, 1993
    Assignee: Alkaloida Vegyeszeti Gyar
    Inventors: Jozsef Tompa, Ferenc Bartha, Tibor Timar, Agota Repasi nee Veres, Vilmos Galamb, Eva Fuzi nee Porkolab, Dezso Miklos
  • Patent number: 5191089
    Abstract: Herbicidal 4-alkoxy- and 4-(substituted)amino-arylpyrrolinone derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which X and Y independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl or in each case unsubstituted or substituted aryloxy or arylthio,Z represents halogen, alkyl or alkoxy,n represents the number 0, 1, 2 or 3,A represents in each case unsubstituted or in each case halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, polyalkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl which is optionally interrupted by hetero atoms, arylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxy and/or nitro, unsubstituted aryl or aryl substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy and phenoxy or phenylthio which are in each case unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl and/or halogenoalkoxy,B represents hydroxyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkoxy or cycloalkoxy, the cycloalkyl radical b
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 9, 1990
    Date of Patent: March 2, 1993
    Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Bernd Baasner, Reiner Fischer, Klaus Lurssen, Hans-Joachim Santel, Robert R. Schmidt
  • Patent number: 5186737
    Abstract: Insecticidal, acaricidal, herbicidal and antimycotic 3-aryl-pyrrolidine-2,4-diones of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents alkyl, halogen or alkoxy,Y represents hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, alkoxy or halogenoalkyl,Z represents alkyl, halogen or alkoxy,n represents a number from 0-3,R represents hydrogen or represents the groups --CO--R.sup.1 or --CO--O--R.sup.2,in whichR.sup.1 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, polyalkoxyalkyl or cycloalkyl which can be interrupted by hetero atoms, each of which radicals is optionally substituted by halogen, or represents optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenylalkyl, substituted hetaryl, substituted phenoxyalkyl or substituted hetaryloxyalkyl, or represents optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenylalkyl, substituted hetaryl, substituted phenoxyalkyl and substituted hetaryloxyalkyl, andR.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 1, 1991
    Date of Patent: February 16, 1993
    Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Reiner Fischer, Bernd Baasner, Hermann Hageman, Andreas Krebs, Albrecht Marhold, Hans-Joachim Santel, Robert R. Schmidt, Klaus Lurssen, Benedikt Becker, Klaus Schaller, Harry Strang
  • Patent number: 5176737
    Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which Ar is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic ring system:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or akynyl, halogen, NR.sup.a R.sup.b, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted alkenyl or cycloalkyl group;R.sup.3 is CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, CN, COR.sup.4, CH.sub.2 OR.sup.4, CH.sub.4 (OH)R.sup.4, CH(OR.sup.4)R.sup.5, CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.6 R.sup.4, CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.6 R.sub.4, CH.sub.2 ONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CSNH.sub.2, COSR.sup.4, SCOR.sup.4, COHNSO.sub.2 R.sup.4, CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CONHNR.sup.6 R.sup.7, CONHN.sup.+ R.sup.6 R.sup.7 R.sup.8 Y.sup.-2, CO.sub.2.sup.- M.sup.+ or COON.dbd.CR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ;M.sup.+ is an agriculturally acceptable cation;Y.sup.- is an agriculturally acceptable anion;R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are independently selected from H or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group;R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 7, 1991
    Date of Patent: January 5, 1993
    Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLC
    Inventors: Ewan J. T. Chrystal, John E. D. Barton, David Cartwright, Christopher J. Mathews