Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca, processes to produce such molecules and intermediates used in such processes, compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such molecules against such pests. These molecules may be used, for example, as nematicides, acaricides, insecticides, miticides, and/or molluscicides. This document discloses molecules having the structure of Formula A.

Abstract: An agricultural spray may be produced by admixing citric acid and glutamic acid with a metal salt and a pesticide or other agricultural chemical containing components capable of precipitating with the metal salt in the admixture. The citric acid and the glutamic acid chelate with the metal salt to provide a stability and compatibility-enhancing composition, thereby preventing the metal salt from forming an insoluble solid within the admixture. Such a composition may be produced by admixing citric acid and glutamic acid at a molar ratio of about 6.8:0.5 to about 1:0.29. The composition may include a metal sat, citric acid and glutamic acid in a molar ratio of about 1:6.8:0.5 to about 1:1:0.29 and a pesticide.

Abstract: Provided is an agricultural plant-protecting agent including a dipeptide derivative or an agro-pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, which has a plant disease-preventing effect, a plant growth-promoting effect, and a plant immunity-activating effect.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving a plant's resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress are provided, including methods of seed production comprising: (a) providing a plant or part thereof; (b) exposing the plant to a composition comprising one or more defense activators present in a concentration ranging from 0.01 mg/l to 25 g/l or from 0.25 nM to 10 mM and chosen from jasmonates, salicylic acid, chitin, acibenzolar-S-methyl, harpins, microbes, and one or more defense peptides comprising a consensus amino acid sequence: wherein: X is an amino acid chosen from Alanine (A), Cysteine (C), Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E), Phenylalanine (F), Glycine (G), Histidine (H), Isoleucine (I), Lysine (K), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Asparagine (N), Proline (P), Glutamine (Q), Arginine (R), Serine (S), Threonine (T), Valine (V), Tryptophan (W), or Tyrosine (Y); (c) growing the plant to produce developed seeds from the plant comprising defenses induced by the defense activators.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of improving the growth of a plant comprising applying a plant growth effective amount of bifenthrin to the propagation material of such plant in the absence of insect pest pressure.

Abstract: Suggested are agricultural compositions, comprising one or more esters of C6-C22 monocarboxylic acids or C2-C20 dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of diglycerol, triglycerol, oligo- or polyglycerol and their respective alkylene oxide adducts, one or more biocides, and optionally, one or more oil components or solvents and/or one or more emulsifiers, wherein the esters are essentially free of esters of monomeric glycerol and esters of alkylene oxide adducts of monomeric glycerol. The esters are useful for forming agricultural compositions using hard water.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted 5-(bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienes and 5-(bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-yl)pent-2-ene-4-ines of the formula (I) and salts thereof, where the radicals R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, [X—Y] and Q are each as defined in the description, to processes for preparation thereof and to the use thereof for enhancing stress tolerance in plants with respect to abiotic stress, and/or for increasing plant yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising of SEQ NO: 1-244, 248-249, and any homologs, analogs, and fragments thereof. Such compositions can be used to treat, prevent, and modulate pain, inflammation, and metabolic processes in various organisms including plants and animals. Such compositions can be formulated with an acceptable pharmaceutical excipient for administration to a human or a plant. The compositions can be administered topically or for systemic use.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of open-chain aryl-, heteroaryl- and benzylsulfonamidocarboxylic acids, -carboxylic esters, -carboxamides and -carbonitriles or salts thereof of the formula (I) in which the respective substituents have the meanings given in the description, for increasing stress tolerance in plants with respect to abiotic stress, and also for increasing plant growth and/or for increasing plant yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetic control of infestation by insect pest species, particularly prevention and/or control of pest infestation of plants, using interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Compositions and combinations containing the interfering RNA molecules of the invention for use in topical applications, for example in the form of insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat-resistance plant gene JAZ5a and use thereof. The inventors of the present invention isolated for the first time a heat resistance gene from the plant of Brassica spp., which can greatly improve the heat-resistance ability of the plant, especially in the bolting stage. The present invention further provides a protein encoded by said gene and its preparation method, vectors and host cells containing said gene, and a method for preparing a transgenic plant containing said gene.

Abstract: Novel crop grain filling genes (GIF1) and the applications thereof are presented in the invention. The GIF1 genes can be applied to control grain filling, enhance crop yield or quality, or improve disease resistance or storage stability of crop grains. A method for improving crops is also presented in the invention. The GIF1 genes shows valuable potentials in controlling crop yield, quality, storage, and resistance to diseases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition comprising i) a microencapsulated pesticide, ii) a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a lignin, b) a lignosulfonate salt and c) a lignosulfonate salt combined with the sodium salt of substituted naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polymer, iii) a salt selected from the group consisting of magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate and calcium chloride, and iv) a non-encapsulated pesticide. The present invention is also directed to methods of making and using the compositions of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetic control of infestation by insect pest species, particularly prevention and/or control of pest infestation of plants, using interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Compositions and combinations containing the interfering RNA molecules of the invention for use in topical applications, for example in the form of insecticides.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acids molecules, designated CCP nucleic acid molecules, which encode novel cell cycle associated polypeptides. The invention also provides antisense nucleic acid molecules, recombinant expression vectors containing CCP nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and transgenic plants in which a CCP gene has been introduced or disrupted. The invention still further provides isolated CCP proteins, fusion proteins, antigenic peptides and anti-CCP antibodies. Agricultural, diagnostic, screening, and therapeutic methods utilizing compositions of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel C2-phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z and CKE are as defined in the description, to processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel haloalkoxyspirocyclic tetramic and tetronic acid derivatives of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, A, D, Q1, Q2, m and G have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. Moreover, the invention provides selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, haloalkoxyspirocyclic tetramic and tetronic acid derivatives and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The invention furthermore relates to increasing the action of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I) through the addition of ammonium salts or phosphonium salts and optionally penetrants.

Abstract: An environmentally safe selective herbicide is provided that includes at least one metal component and at least one chelating agent. The metal component can have a variety of forms, but is preferably in the form of a metal salt, a metal chelate, or combinations thereof The chelating agent can also have a variety of forms, but is preferably in the form of a metal chelate, a salt, an acid, or combinations thereof Methods of use are also provided. In another embodiment, an improved selective herbicide, as well of methods of controlling unwanted plants using such a herbicide, are provided. A method for treating undesired vegetation can include providing a selective herbicidal composition that includes a water-soluble selective auxin-type herbicide and a chelating agent complexed with at least one transition metal, and contacting vegetation with a herbicidally effective amount of the composition such that unwanted vegetation is controlled, while desired vegetation is unaffected.

Abstract: A means for enhancing the yield of a harvesting part of a crop is provided. A yield enhancing agent for a harvesting part selected from the group consisting of seed, fruit, hypocotyl, root and stem in a crop, the yield enhancing agent comprising: 5-aminolevulic acid or a derivative thereof represented by the following formula (1), or a salt thereof; and a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor: R2R1NCH2COCH2CH2COR3 (1), wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and R3 represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or an amino group, wherein the yield enhancing agent is an agent to be applied at the time when the harvesting part of the crop becomes enlarged.

Abstract: A new use of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTB) as an inducer, within the plant, of ethylene and polyamine synthesis, mainly putrescine, capable of regulating fruit maturation processes, both in relation to fruit abscission and in relation to color and sugar content, containing mineral elements such as phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting ethylene production in a plant are provided that involve contacting a plant or plant part with an inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO). The methods can be used to delay fruit and vegetable ripening, flower opening, or senescence of cut flowers. Also described are kits including an ACCO inhibitor and a floral preservative.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of certain compounds related to fatty acids to control nematodes that infest plants or the situs of plants. Nematodes that parasitize animals can also be controlled using the methods and composition of this invention. Certain of the useful compounds are fatty acid esters that are predicted inhibitors of nematode delta-12 fatty acid desaturases and can be, for example, from C16 to C20 in length.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for promoting early establishment of potato crops, and is particularly directed to promotion of potato sprout number and length, and reduction of sprout tip necrosis. In one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for increasing the number of sprouts per tuber, comprising the steps of administering an effective amount of aminoethoxyvinylglycine or 1-methylcyclopropene to the tuber to promote sprouting in the tuber. In another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for promoting the elongation of sprouts, comprising the steps of administering an effective amount of aminoethoxyvinylglycine or 1-methylcyclopropene to the tuber to promote sprout elongation. In yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for reducing sprout tip necrosis, comprising the steps of administering an effective amount of aminoethoxyvinylglycine to the tuber to reduce sprout tip necrosis.

Abstract: A process for improvement of the soil by reducing microbially formed ethylene in the soil by bringing compounds which bind ethylene or of which it is known that they inhibit ethylene biosynthesis between S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and ethylene respectively, into the soil zone relevant for the root growth of higher plants and allowing them to act there on the soil microorganisms.

Abstract: Provided herein is a composition comprising a plant growth regulator, octylpyrrolidone, and an emulsifier. The composition may be provided with a plant growth regulator comprises a substituted oxime-ether of the formula: where R1 and R2 independently of one another are C1-C6-alkyl, n is 2 or 3 and R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl. The compositions provided may also contain a blend of nonyl phenol ethoxylate and dioctyl sulfosuccinate. Also provided are methods of making the above compositions.

Abstract: A method of using nitric oxide (NO) to enhance crop performance at any stage of its development including sowing, growth, flowering, fruit formation or during many processes associated with the handling of the culture, such as transplantation, root formation in stem cutting, or any other handling that could involve an oxidative stress condition for the plants. The NO application according to the invention has also enhanced the chlorophyll levels thus resulting in a better photosynthetic capacity of the plant cells and also of protective pigments such as anthocianins and flavonoids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one terpenic carbide and/or a derivative thereof as additive to a culture selective herbicide slurry or as a coformulant in a culture selective herbicide composition, intended to be applied between spearing and blossoming of the culture(s).

Abstract: A treatment for relieving or combating stress in a plant before harvesting is described in which an amount of an osmolyte regulator is applied to the plant at a predetermined time before harvesting so as to prevent or reduce blemishes or damage of the skin of the plant. The treatment may be applied to a diverse range of plants such as pears, peaches, cherries and similar fruit, and tropical fruits and nuts. A preferred osmolyte regulator is glycine betaine or other betaine derivatives, and the preferred dosage rate is up to 20,000 ppm in aqueous solution with or without other additives. The osmolyte regulator is applied to the plants by spraying the leaves. Other osmolyte regulators are compounds such as N-methyl substituted amino acids, proline, or choline, stachydrine, trigonelline, and homostachydrine, glycine, glutamic acid, GABA, trimethylamine, or butyric acid.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods of improving a plant growth factor. The compositions and methods contain combinations of plant growth regulators such as plant growth retardants and inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action. The ethylene inhibitors comprise substituted oxime-ethers having the general formula: ##STR1## where R1 and R2 independently of one another are C1-C6-alkyl, n is 2 or 3 and R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl. Specific inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action include: {?(isopropylidene)-amino!oxy}-acetic acid-2-(methoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, {?(isopropylidene)-amino!oxy}-acetic acid-2-(hexyloxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, {{cyclohexylidene)-amino!oxy}-acetic acid-2-(isopropyloxy)-2-oxyethyl ester (methoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, ?((isopropylidene)-amino!oxy acetic acid, aminooxyacetic acid, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, rhizobitoxine, silver ions (e.g. silver thiosulfate), and 2,5-norbornadiene.

Abstract: Provided herein is a plant growth regulator formulation comprising a plant growth regulator dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol ("PVA") particles having a mean diameter greater than 1 micron. The present invention also includes an emulsion containing an aqueous dispersion of PVA encapsulated plant growth regulator particles wherein said particles have a mean diameter greater than 1 micron. The above formulations are useful in methods of improving a plant growth factor in a plant.

Abstract: Provided herein is a plant growth regulator formulation comprising a plant growth regulator dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol ("PVA") particles having a mean diameter greater than 1 micron. The present invention also includes an emulsion containing an aqueous dispersion of PVA encapsulated plant growth regulator particles wherein said particles have a mean diameter greater than 1 micron. The above formulations are useful in methods of improving a plant growth factor in a plant.

Abstract: The method of the invention provides for improvement of a plant growth factor by applying an ethylene inhibitor plant growth regulator to a plant, such as cotton or soybean, at a low rate. Specific plant growth regulators include compounds covered by the general formula: ##STR1## where R1 and R2 independently of one another are C1-C6-alkyl, n is 2 or 3 and R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl. Specific compounds employed by the method of the invention include {?(isopropylidene)-amino!oxy}-acetic acid-2-(methoxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, {?(isopropylidene)-amino!oxy}-acetic acid-2-(hexyloxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, {{cyclohexylidene)-amino!oxy}-acetic acid-2-(isopropyloxy)-2-oxoethyl ester, ?((isopropylidene)amino!oxy acetic acid and aminooxyacetic acid.

Abstract: A process of inhibiting stem elongation in ornamental bulbous plants or in cut flowers from such plants, involving treating such plants or flowers with an effective amount of ACC synthase inhibitor, such as aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid to inhibit stem elongation, by administration of a solid, semi-solid or a solution of such ACC synthase inhibitor.

Abstract: Application of an aqueous solution containing a chitosan salt and oligomers of chitosan to the foliage of growing plants increases the yield of vegetables, tubers, cereal grains, fruits, and blossoms.

Abstract: Agriculturally acceptable pesticidally active ingredients, such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides of low melting point, typically in the range from about 30.degree. C. to about 130.degree. C. and preferably in the range from about 30.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. and low water solubility, typically in the range from about 0.01 ppm to about 1000 ppm and preferably in the range from about 0.01 ppm to about 300 ppm are frequently formulated as water-dispersed agrichemically acceptable formulations such as wettable powders (WP), water-dispersible granules (WG), and suspension concentrates (SC) and the like.

Abstract: Seedling development is enhanced by applying to the seeds, for example corn and soybeans, a water-soluble, non-aromatic polyamino acid such as polyaspartic acid. Time to germination is decreased, and rate of seedling development is increased. The composition may be applied to the seeds with a liquid or solid carrier or in combination with other seed treatments, such as nutrients and pesticides.

Abstract: A method for improving plant salt-tolerance is described, which comprises treating a plant with an active ingredient comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 5-aminolevulinic acid, a derivative of 5-aminolevulinic acid, a salt of 5-aminolevulinic acid, a salt of derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid, and hemins. Furthermore, a salt-tolerant plant is described, wherein the plant is treated with the above-described active ingredient. Moreover, a method for causing recovery of a salt-damaged plant is described, comprising administering the above-described active ingredient to a salt-damaged plant.

Abstract: A method of combating pests which comprises applying to such pests or to a pest habitat a pesticidally effective amount of a substituted 2-cyclohexen-1-yl-amine derivative of the formula ##STR1## and addition products thereof with acids and metal salts. Most of the compounds are new.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone derivatives I ##STR1## The cyclohexenone derivatives I are suitable as herbicides and for regulating plant growth.

Abstract: A plant growth regulator composition comprising a cyclohexane derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an alkylthioalkyl group, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group, and R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenoxymethyl group, a 2-thienylmethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an alkylthiomethyl group, or a salt thereof, and a nitrogen-containing water-soluble inorganic substance or urea.

Abstract: A plant growth regulator composition comprising a cyclohexane derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an alkylthioalkyl group, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group, and R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenoxymethyl group, a 2-thienylmethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an alkylthiomethyl group, or a salt thereof, and a nitrogen-containing water-soluble inorganic substance or urea.

Abstract: Hydroxycornexistin (1), the free dibasic acid thereof (2) ##STR1## agronomically acceptable bis-ester, monoester, monoamide, and monothioesters thereof, and agronomically acceptable salts thereof are selective herbicides for broad spectrum broadleaf and grass weed control in corn.

Abstract: Oxime ether derivatives of the general formula IR.sup.1 R.sup.2 C.dbd.NO--CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.3 Iwhere R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, are C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, are used for bioregulation in plants.

Abstract: Dormant seeds , e.g., of lettuce, tomatoes, peppers, carrots, onions, impatiens and primrose, are produced by soaking non-dormant seeds in a solution of gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, preferably tetcyclacis, preferably in the dark at 25.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. for at least 24 hours, washing to remove the inhibitor and drying to original seed weight. The dormancy can be released by application of a gibberellin, and in some cases by moist chilling, or exposure to light at 25.degree. C. to 35.degree. C.

Abstract: It has been discovered that AAL-toxin, a known host-specific phytotoxin produced by Alternaria alternate f. Sp. lycopersici, has a broad range as a pre-emergent or post-emergent bioherbicide. A method using AAL-toxin has been developed for controlling certain weeds, including duckweeds, jimsonweed, black nightshade, prickly sida, redroot pigweed and northern jointvetch. This phytotoxin can be used pure, as a cell-free filtrate, a crude filtrate, or a crude suspension of the culture.

Abstract: Plant growth regulators comprising, as an active ingredient, a substituted dicarboxylic acid derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, D and G are the same as defined in the present specification, the substituted dicarboxylic acid derivatives, and processes for preparing the same, are disclosed. The plant growth regulators provided according to the present invention have a regulating activity on plant growth; more specifically, an action thereof of lowering the content of endogenous ethylene in a plant is utilized.

Abstract: Oxalylhydroxamic acid derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --ON(R.sup.2)--CO--CO--X--R.sup.3 I,where the substituents have the following meanings:X is oxygen or sulfur;R.sup.1 issubstituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl or cycloalkylmethyl;substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl;R.sup.3 issubstituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl;substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl;substituted or unsubstituted phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;and their agriculturally useful salts; their manufacture; growth-regulating agents containing them; and methods of regulating plant growth.