Abstract: A method of producing a thin layer, high-temperature superconductor strip is disclosed. In the method, a metal salt solution is formed and coated onto a substrate including a high-temperature superconductor layer. Heat is then applied directly or indirectly to the solution. The metal salt solution may contain a metal-organic salt solution or a metal inorganic metal salt solution. When an inorganic metal salt solution is utilized, a reducing solution may also be applied to the HTSC layer prior to heating. In addition, nano-sized metal particles may be added to the metal salt solution and/or the reducing solution.

Abstract: Under one aspect, a method of making a superconductor wire includes providing an oxide superconductor layer overlaying a substrate; forming a substantially continuous barrier layer over the oxide superconductor layer, the barrier layer including metal; depositing a layer of metal particles over the barrier layer, said depositing including applying a liquid including metal particles over the barrier layer; and sintering the layer of metal particles to form a substantially continuous metal layer over the barrier layer. In one or more embodiments, the oxide superconductor layer is oxygen-deficient, and the method may include oxidizing the oxygen-deficient oxide superconductor layer. At least a portion of the sintering and the oxidizing may occur simultaneously, for example by performing them at an oxygen partial pressure and a temperature sufficient to both sinter the metal particles and to oxidize the oxygen-deficient oxide superconductor layer.

Abstract: A process of preparing superconducting magnesium diboride powder by heating an admixture of solid magnesium and amorphous boron powder or pellet under an inert atmosphere in a Mg:B ratio of greater than about 0.6:1 at temperatures and for time sufficient to form said superconducting magnesium diboride. The process can further include exposure to residual oxygen at high synthesis temperatures followed by slow cooling. In the cooling process oxygen atoms dissolved into MgB2 segregated to form nanometer-sized coherent Mg(B,O) precipitates in the MgB2 matrix, which can act as flux pinning centers.

Abstract: A novel process of the production and processing of high quality, high Tc (Bi,Pb)SCCO superconductors starts with fabrication of a precursor article including selected intermediate phases with desired chemical and structural properties. The precursor fabrication includes mixing raw powders with a desired ratio of Bi:Pb:Sr:Ca:Cu elements and reacting the mixture under different selected reaction conditions that form a precursor powder with a dominant (Bi, Pb)SCCO 2212 phase and without Ca—Pb—O phase, wherein the 2212 phase may be the orthorhombic 2212 phase. The precursor article is then subjected to optimized reaction and mechanical deformation processes that lead to a reaction induced texturing and deformation induced texturing, respectively. A heating process is used to convert the precursor powder to the 2223 phase and subsequent deformation and annealing processes may be used to form a substantially single phase, highly textured (Bi, Pb)SCCO 2223 superconductor with high Jc.

Abstract: A multicomponent powder useful in the formation of BSCCO-2223 is provided comprised of orthorhombic BSCCO-2212 and alkaline earth cuprate, without formation of undesirable secondary phases such as alkaline earth bismuthates and alkaline earth plumbates. A method for the production of the multicomponent powder includes providing a mixture of raw materials comprising constituent metallic elements in a ratio corresponding to a superconducting BSCCO-2223 material and heating the mixture under conditions which form a dominant amount of the orthorhombic BSCCO phase and the alkaline earth cuprate phase while preventing formation of an undesirable secondary phase selected from the group of alkaline earth plumbates and alkaline earth bismuthates. A subsequent heating step converts the multicomponent powder into the BSCCO-2223 and subsequent deformation and annealing processes may be used to form a substantially single phase, highly textured (Bi,Pb)SCCO-2223 superconductor article.

Abstract: A composite for preparation of an oxide superconductor includes a primary alloy phase of constituent elements of a desired oxide superconductor; and a secondary phase comprising copper, the secondary phase supported by the primary alloy phase. The composite may additionally include a matrix material for supporting the primary alloy phase and second phase disposed therein. The composite is oxidized to form an oxide superconductor composite.

Abstract: A strongly-linked polycrystalline oxide superconductor article includes an oxide superconductor selected from the group consisting 124-type and 247-type oxide superconductors having fine, highly aligned oxide superconductor grains less than 50 .mu.m along a longest dimension. The oxide superconductor article has at least a 25% retention of critical current density in a 0.1 Tesla field.

Abstract: A method of preparing a superconducting oxide by combining the metallic elements of the oxide to form an alloy, followed by oxidation of the alloy to form the oxide. Superconducting oxide-metal composites are prepared in which a noble metal phase intimately mixed with the oxide phase results in improved mechanical properties. The superconducting oxides and oxide-metal composites are provided in a variety of useful forms.

Abstract: A method of preparing a superconducting oxide by combining the metallic elements of the oxide to form an alloy, followed by oxidation of the alloy to form the oxide. Superconducting oxide-metal composites are prepared in which a noble metal phase intimately mixed with the oxide phase results in improved mechanical properties. The superconducting oxides and oxide-metal composites are provided in a variety of useful forms.

Abstract: A process for preparing a superconducting film, such as a thallium-barium-calcium-copper oxide superconducting film, having substantially uniform phase development. The process comprises providing an electrodeposition bath having one or more soluble salts of one or more respective potentially superconducting metals in respective amounts adequate to yield a superconducting film upon subsequent appropriate treatment. Should all of the metals required for producing a superconducting film not be made available in the bath, such metals can be a part of the ambient during a subsequent annealing process. A soluble silver salt in an amount between about 0.1% and about 4.0% by weight of the provided other salts is also provided to the bath, and the bath is electrically energized to thereby form a plated film. The film is annealed in ambient conditions suitable to cause formation of a superconductor film.

Abstract: A method for forming unsegregated metal oxide-silver composites includes preparing a precursor alloy comprising silver and precursor elements of a desired metal oxide and oxidizing the alloy under conditions of high oxygen activity selected to permit diffusion of oxygen into silver while significantly restricting the diffusion of the precursor elements into silver, such that oxidation of the precursor elements to the metal oxide occurs before diffusion of the metallic elements into silver. Further processing of the metal oxide composite affords an oxide superconducting composite with a highly unsegregated microstructure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a high quality oxide superconductor film capable of controlling the film-forming rate and the film composition easily and forming the superconductor film safely and economically, over a wide region and homogeneously, wherein each of elements of R in which R represents one or more of elements selected from the group consisting of Y and lanthanide series rare earth elements, Ba and Cu is vapor deposited in the state of metal on a substrate under a high vacuum of lower than 10.sup.-8 Torr by a vacuum vapor deposition process to form a precursor comprising an amorphous metal and the precursor is oxidized and crystallized by applying a heat treatment without taking out the same into the atmospheric air.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a precursor of a superconductor containing atoms of oxygen, atoms of copper and atoms of at least two other metals and sufficient atoms of oxygen so that up to, but no more than, one atom of copper is in the trivalent state, in which method there are blended together, in finely divided particulate state, components containing atoms of the metals in the desired proportion with at least one of the components containing oxygen in an amount above that which would put more than one atom of copper into the trivalent state and thereafter milling the components together in a high energy system to a maximum particle size of about 5 microns for at least 99 weight percent of the blend.

Abstract: Superconducting precursors, which can be made into metal oxide superconductors such as YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6+x, and a process for their manufacture by the coprecipitation of 1-2-3 nitrates using inexpensive precipitating agents such as alkali hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates. The process involves preparing a stoichiometric mixture of Y, Ba and Cu nitrates, which is then combined with a solution containing an excess of NaOH/K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, KOH/K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, NaOH/Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, or KOH/Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, which causes the precipitation of the precursor. The suspension containing the precipitate is filtered and then washed wiThe invention of this application was made and conceived at least in part with United States Government support and the United States Government has certain rights in the invention.

Abstract: A method of preparing a laminated ceramic. The method includes preparing a precursor having at least one noble metal element component and at least two non-noble metal elements. The precursor is exposed to a first environment to form an oxidized zone having a first concentration of a primary ceramic phase containing the non-noble metal elements. The precursor is next exposed to a second environment to form a second oxidized zone having a second concentration of the primary ceramic phase, the second concentration being less than the first concentration. The precursor is repeatedly exposed to each environment to form a plurality of zones with the first concentration of the primary ceramic phase separated by zones with the second concentration of the ceramic.

Abstract: A method for producing an oxide superconducting connecting line includes initially coating a line with at least one layer of a crystalline or amorphous metal alloy forming a superconductive oxide. The line is subsequently heated to a temperature below the melting temperature of the oxide. A gas containing oxygen is simultaneously brought into contact with the accessible surface forming an oxide film which is superconductive upon cooling. When the oxide film is damaged at a certain location, the still-undamaged layer is exposed to the oxygen-containing gas and the line is heated at the damaged location. A superconducting film is again formed. A combination superconducting connecting line and an apparatus for producing the superconducting connecting line is also disclosed.

Abstract: Monatomic layers each formed of a single metal are sequentially formed on a substrate using a molecular-beam epitaxy to form a multilayered metal film consisting of a plurality of types of metals, and sequentially with formation the monatomic layers, nitrogen dioxide gas as an oxidizer is supplied to oxidize the multilayered metal film. The same operation is repeatedly performed a predetermined number of times to form an oxide high-temperature superconductor thin film having a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A method of preparing a superconducting oxide by combining the metallic elements of the oxide to form an alloy, followed by oxidation of the alloy to form the oxide. Superconducting oxide-metal composites are prepared in which a noble metal phase intimately mixed with the oxide phase results in improved mechanical properties. The superconducting oxides and oxide-metal composites are provided in a variety of useful forms.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing superconductor films on a variety of substrates, and more particularly a patterned superconductor film on a planar substrate. The basic process includes the steps of: 1) depositing a metal film of superconductor precursor elements on a substrate; 2) patterning the metal film; and 3) oxidizing the metal film to form a superconductor film. Because the process separates the metal precursor film formation, patterning, and oxidation steps, each of the steps can be individually optimized.

Abstract: A superconductor oxide composite is prepared using a press coating technique. The coated layers on various substrates exhibit good adhesion, textured microstructure, and improved J.sub.c.

Abstract: A method for producing a superconducting article. An alloy consisting of metal elements, such as Y, Ba and Cu which are constituent elements of a superconducting compound oxide to be produced is oxidized so that a surface of the alloy is converted to the superconducting compound oxide such as YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta..

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a superconducting connection between a pair of superconducting ceramic oxide pieces, each of the pieces having been formed by combining the metallic elements of the superconducting oxide in substantially the stoichiometric proportions needed to form the superconducting oxide into a precursor and forming the precursor into a shaped piece. The process comprises the steps of: contacting each of the shaped pieces with the other; connecting each of the shaped pieces to the other by means for forming a metallurgical bond between the shaped pieces; and oxidizing the connected shaped pieces under conditions sufficient to oxidize the metallic elements to the superconducting oxide.In other embodiments of the invention, the process is for forming a superconducting connection between a pair of pieces having a superconducting ceramic oxide/noble metal composition; or for forming a joint between a superconducting ceramic oxide and a normal conductor.

Abstract: A process for fabricating superconducting composite wire by the steps of placing a superconductive precursor admixture capable of undergoing a self propagating combustion in stoichiometric amounts sufficient to form a superconductive product within a metal tube, sealing one end of said tube, igniting said superconductive precursor admixture whereby said superconductive precursor admixture endburns along the length of the admixture, and cross-section reducing said tube at a rate substantially equal to the rate of burning of said superconductive precursor admixture and at a point substantially planar with the burnfront of the superconductive precursor mixture, whereby a clad superconductive product is formed in situ, the product characterized as superconductive without a subsequent sintering stage, is disclosed.

Abstract: A complex oxidation reaction product of two or more metals in an oxidized state is formed by positioning a suitable precursor metal adjacent to a permeable mass of a metal-containing compound in an oxidizing atmosphere and heating the assembly to form a body of molten precursor metal. The molten metal infiltrates the permeable mass and reacts therewith and with the oxidizing atmosphere to form a complex oxidation reaction product. Methods for determining the shape of the resulting article are described. The disclosed methods can be used to form superconducting perovskites.

Abstract: Disclosed is a broadly applicable method for making an article that, exemplarily comprises a superconductive oxide body, including a thin layer on a substrate, or powder particles. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises forming a precursor melt and contacting at least a part of the melt with oxygen such that the concentration of oxygen in the part of the melt increase to a critical concentration, resulting in formation of the desired oxide, substantially without drop in temperature. The precursor melt comprises at least one metallic element M, and at least the part of the melt is at a temperature T, with T.sub.m <T<T.sub.o, where T.sub.m is the freezing temperature of the melt and T.sub.o is the melting temperature of the superconductive oxide. In an exemplary embodiment the melt consists essentially of Yb, Ba, and Cu in 1:2:3 atomic ratio, T is about 900.degree. C. A layer of superconductive oxide on a Sr-TiO.sub.3 substrate is formed by dipping the hot (900.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing superconductor films on a variety of substrates, and more particularly a patterned superconductor film on a planar substrate. The basic process includes the steps of: 1) depositing a metal film of superconductor precursor elements on a substrate; 2) patterning the metal film; and 3) oxidizing the metal film to form a superconductor film. Because the process separates the metal precursor film formation, patterning, and oxidation steps, each of the steps can be individually optimized.

Abstract: An inorganic powder is vibrated while being calcined. The vibrations suspend the powder as in a conventional gas-fluidized system, without clumping, but without loss of fines. As applied to superconductor precursor powders, the treatment accelerates growth of the superconducting phase. The invention includes a novel furnace system for simultaneously heating and vibrating the powders.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a ceramic superconductor comprising the following steps: mixing a copper or copper alloy metal, a first metal oxide or carbonate which includes one element selected from group IIA of the Chemical Periodic Table, and a second metal oxide or carbonate which includes one element selected from group IIIB of the Chemical Periodic Table to form a copper/ceramic mixture; heting a copper/ceramic mixture to a temperature in the range between 900.degree.-1100.degree. C.; and cooling the heated copper/ceramic mixture slowly, thereby forming a superconductive material. The copper/ceramic mixture may be extruded through a die prior to the heating step, thereby forming a superconductor of desired shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing superconductive ceramics wherein, first, a liquid alloy melt is made of metals; this is carried out at a temperature at which the melt is chemically homogeneous. The melt is subsequently atomized with an inert gas or with oxygen. In the first case, a powder develops which is oxidized in a further step whereas in the second case the oxide powder is a direct result. By means of sintering, for example, the oxide powder can be pressed to superconductive bodies of any desired form.

Abstract: Ductile, composite superconductors having a continuous Re-Ba-Cu-O type or Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O type phases and a continuous noble metal phase and a process for their preparation are disclosed.

Abstract: A target for forming a superconductive oxide film consists of 5 to 40% by volume of metallic copper and 60 to 95% by volume of an oxygen compound of barium and copper, strontium, calcium and copper, or barium, calcium and copper dispersed in the metallic copper, and the target is improved in thermal conductivity, electric resistivity and mechanical strength, because the metallic copper is large in those properties.

Abstract: Discloses a process for producing oxidic superconductors having advantageously textured oxide structures which involves zone oxidizing elongated metallic precursors of the superconductors.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxidic superconductor precursor alloy which comprises mechanicallly allowing metallic elemental constituents of the oxidic superconductor in stoichiometric proportions and in the presence of a process control agent non-detrimental to the superconductor to provide a uniform mechanically alloyed product which is compacted and worked to provide a product form such as wire, tape or thin strip. This product form can then be given the configuration required for use (e.g. open coil) and then oxidized to provide the superconductor.

Abstract: A complex oxidation reaction product of two or more metals in an oxidized state is formed by positioning a suitable precursor metal adjacent to a permeable mass of a metal-containing compound in an oxidizing atmosphere and heating the assembly to form a body of molten precursor metal. The molten metal infiltrates the permeable mass and reacts therewith and with the oxidizing atmosphere to form a complex oxidation reaction product. Methods for determining the shape of the resulting article are described. The disclosed methods can be used to form superconducting perovskites.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a method of forming deposits of superconducting ceramics. Generally, such ceramics are formed by electrodepositing a mixture of metals of the type and in proportions sufficient to be oxidized into ceramic; oxidizing the electrodeposited mixture under conditions sufficient to result in a superconducting ceramic deposit; and orienting the crystallites in said superconducting ceramic deposit. Crystallite orientation may take place before, after or during the oxidation step.