Abstract: A test module for analyzing a sample fluid containing target molecules, the test module having an outer casing with a receptacle for receiving the sample fluid, probes for reaction with the target molecules to form probe-target complexes, the probe-target complexes being configured to emit photons when excited, and, a photosensor for detecting photons emitted by the probe-target complexes.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, the LOC device having probes with a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence for forming probe-target hybrids, an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminophore, and a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, and, electrodes for generating an excited state in the ECL luminophore in which the ECL luminophore emits photons of light, wherein during use, the functional moiety changes proximity to the luminophore upon formation of a probe-target hybrid.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis of a sample containing target nucleic acid sequences, the LOC device having a sample inlet for receiving the sample, a plurality of reagent reservoirs containing dNTP's, primers, polymerase and buffer solution for addition to the sample, a first nucleic acid amplification section for thermal control of the sample to amplify the target nucleic acid sequences, and, a second nucleic acid amplification section for thermal control of amplicon from the first nucleic acid amplification section to further amplify the target nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for amplifying nucleic acid sequences, the LOC device having an inlet for receiving a sample containing genetic material, a supporting substrate, a plurality of reagent reservoirs, and, a nucleic acid amplification section for amplifying nucleic acid sequences in the genetic material, wherein, the nucleic acid amplification section is supported on the supporting substrate.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis of a sample containing target nucleic acid sequences, the LOC device having a sample inlet for receiving the sample, a plurality of reagent reservoirs containing dNTPs, primers, reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase, and buffer solution for addition to the sample to form an amplification mixture, and, a nucleic acid amplification section for maintaining the amplification mixture at a predetermined temperature during isothermal amplification of the target nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, a microsystems technologies (MST) layer with a hybridization section that has an array of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes for hybridization with target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, and electrode pairs for receiving an electrical pulse, the ECL probes being configured to emit a photon of light when hybridized with one of the nucleic acid targets and activated by one of the electrodes, and, a photosensor for detecting photons of light from the ECL probes that have hybridized.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, the LOC device having electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes for detecting the target nucleic acid sequences, each of the probes having an ECL luminophore for emitting photons when in an excited state, a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, electrodes for receiving an electrical pulse to excite the ECL luminophores, detection photodiodes for exposure to the photons emitted by the ECL luminophores, and, at least one calibration photodiode for exposure to ambient light, wherein during use, a difference between the output from any of the detection photodiode and the output from the calibration photodiode is compared to a predetermined threshold difference such that output differences greater than the predetermined threshold indicate the target is present.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis having a supporting substrate, an array of probes for hybridization with target nucleic acid sequences to form probe-target hybrids, a channel for directing a flow of liquid containing the target nucleic acid sequences, the channel having an inlet, an outlet and a meniscus anchor between the inlet and the outlet such that the flow from the inlet towards the outlet stops at the meniscus anchor where the liquid forms a meniscus, and, an actuator valve with a valve heater for heating the meniscus such that the meniscus unpins from the meniscus anchor such that the liquid flow towards the outlet resumes.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, the LOC device having probes with a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence for forming probe-target hybrids, and an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminophore, electrodes for generating an excited state in the ECL luminophore in which the ECL luminophore emits photons of light, and, an array of hybridization chambers, each of the hybridization chambers having a pair of the electrodes respectively and containing a plurality of the probes, the nucleic acid sequence in the probes in each of the hybridization chambers being different to the nucleic acid sequence in at least one other hybridization chamber in the array such that a plurality of target nucleic acid sequences are detectable.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving a sample of biological material having nucleic acid sequences, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) section for amplifying the nucleic acid sequences, the PCR section having at least one heater, and, at least one temperature sensor, wherein, the at least one temperature sensor is configured to provide output for feedback control of the at least one heater.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, the LOC device having probes with a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence for forming probe-target hybrids, and an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminophore, and, electrodes for generating an excited state in the ECL luminophore in which the ECL luminophore emits photons of light, wherein, the electrodes have an anode and a cathode, each having fingers configured for mutual interdigitation.

Abstract: A test module for detecting target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, the test module having an outer casing having an inlet for receiving the fluid containing the target nucleic acid sequences, electrode pairs for receiving an electrical pulse, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes adjacent each of the electrode pairs respectively, each of the ECL probes having an ECL luminophore for emitting photons when in an excited state and a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, such that the electrical pulse to the electrode pair excites the ECL luminophores, wherein, the ECL probes are not anchored to a surface and form a suspension in the fluid containing the target nucleic acid sequences during detection.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, a microsystems technology (MST) layer overlying the supporting substrate for processing a fluid containing target nucleic acid sequences, the MST layer having an array of hybridization chambers, each containing probes for hybridization with the target nucleic acid sequences, the probes being configured to emit a fluorescence signal in response to an excitation light upon hybridization, wherein, the hybridization chamber has a wall section that is optically transparent to the fluorescence signal.

Abstract: A microfluidic test module for analyzing a sample fluid and communicating test results to a desktop computer, the microfluidic test module having an outer casing with a receptacle for receiving the sample, functional sections for processing and analyzing the sample, a communication interface for communication with the desktop computer, and, a controller for operative control of the communication interface.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a sample flow-path for a biological sample containing target nucleic acid sequences, an array of hybridization chambers each containing probes for hybridization with the target nucleic acid sequences, each of the hybridization chambers having a chamber inlet for fluid communication between the sample flow-path and the probes, wherein, the chamber inlet is configured as a diffusion barrier to prevent diffusion of hybridized probes between the hybridization chambers to an extent that causes erroneous hybridization detection results.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting pathogens in a biological sample, the LOC device having an inlet for receiving the sample, a supporting substrate, a dialysis section for separating pathogens from larger constituents in the sample, a plurality of reagent reservoirs, a lysis section downstream of the dialysis section for lysing the pathogens to release genetic material therein, the lysis section being in fluid communication with one of the reagent reservoirs containing a lysis reagent for lysing the cells in the lysis section, and, a nucleic acid amplification section downstream of the lysis section for amplifying nucleic acid sequences in the genetic material, wherein, the dialysis section, the lysis section and the nucleic acid amplification section are all supported on the supporting substrate.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, an array of probes for hybridization with a target nucleic acid sequence to form a probe-target hybrid and generate a fluorescence signal in response to an excitation light, and, a photosensor positioned adjacent the array of probes, wherein, the photosensor is configured for sensing which probes within the array of probes generated the fluorescence signal.

Abstract: A test module for analyzing a sample fluid and communicating location data to an epidemiological database, the test module having a receptacle for receiving the sample, functional sections for processing and analyzing the sample, a communication interface for communication with the epidemiological database, and, a controller for operative control of the communication interface, wherein, the controller is configured to associate location data with epidemiological data sent to the communication interface for communication with the epidemiological database.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for removing cell debris from a biological sample, the LOC device having a dialysis section with a large constituent channel, a small constituent channel and a plurality of apertures for fluid communication between the large constituent channel and the small constituent channel, the large constituent channel having an upstream end for receiving the biological sample, the biological sample being a liquid carrying a mixture of cell debris and target molecules, the small constituent channel having a downstream end for connection to a hybridization section with an array of probes for reaction with the target molecules to form probe-target complexes, wherein, the apertures are sized to allow the target molecules to flow into the small constituent channel but retain the cell debris larger than a threshold size in the large constituent channel.

Abstract: A single-use test module having an outer casing dimensioned for hand-held portability, the outer casing having an inlet for receiving a biological sample containing a target nucleic acid sequence, probes in the outer casing for hybridization having a nucleic acid sequence for hybridization with a target nucleic acid sequence to form a probe-target hybrid, the probe-target hybrid being configured to generate a fluorescence signal in response to an excitation light, and, a photosensor to detect the fluorescence signal.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for biochemical processing and analysis, the microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, a microsystems technology (MST) layer supported on the substrate, the MST layer having an inlet for receiving biochemical liquid, and, a reagent reservoir containing a reagent for addition to the biochemical liquid for use in chemical analysis of the biochemical liquid, wherein, the reagent reservoir has an outlet with a surface tension valve for retaining the reagent in the reservoir with a reagent meniscus until contact with the biochemical liquid removes the reagent meniscus.

Abstract: A test module for excitation of electrochemiluminescent probes configured to detect target nucleic acid sequences, the test module having an outer casing having a receptacle for receiving a fluid containing the target nucleic acid sequences, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes having an ECL luminophore for emitting photons when in an excited state and a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, electrodes for receiving an electrical pulse to excite the ECL luminophores, a detection photosensor for exposure to the photons emitted by the ECL luminophores, control circuitry providing the electrical pulse to the electrodes, and, a universal serial bus (USB) connection such that the outer casing is configured as a USB drive for transmitting data regarding detection of the targets in the fluid to an external device, wherein during use, the ECL probes that have detected one of the target nucleic acid sequences reconfigure such that the functional moiety do

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis of a biological sample, the LOC device having an inlet for receiving the sample containing genetic material including DNA and RNA, a supporting substrate, a plurality of reagent reservoirs, a first nucleic acid amplification section for amplifying at least some of the genetic material, and, a second nucleic acid amplification section for amplifying at least some the genetic material in parallel with the first nucleic acid amplification section, wherein, the first nucleic acid amplification section and the second nucleic acid amplification section are both supported on the supporting substrate.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for processing a fluid, the microfluidic device having an inlet for receiving the fluid, functional sections for processing the fluid, a flow-path extending from the inlet into at least some of the functional sections, circuitry for operative control of the functional sections, and, a liquid sensor with electrodes positioned for contact with the fluid flowing along the flow-path, wherein, the circuitry is configured to provide a voltage across the electrodes such that current above a predetermined threshold is indicative of liquid at the electrodes.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, an array of probes, each of the probes having a nucleic acid sequence for hybridization with a target nucleic acid sequence to form a probe-target hybrid, the probe-target hybrid being configured to generate a fluorescence signal in response to an excitation light, and, CMOS circuitry on the substrate, the CMOS circuitry having an array of photodiodes for sensing deactivation of the excitation light and generating an output signal in response to the fluorescence signals from the probe-target hybrids within the array of probes.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for detecting a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, the microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving the sample, probes with a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence for forming probe-target hybrids, and an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminophore, and, electrodes for generating an excited state in the ECL luminophore in which the ECL luminophore emits photons of light, wherein, the sample inlet draws the sample along a fluid flow-path leading to the probes by capillary action.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, a sample inlet for receiving a sample of biological material having nucleic acid sequences, a microsystems technology (MST) layer having a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) section for amplifying the nucleic acid sequences, the PCR section having at least one heater for thermally cycling the nucleic acid sequences through a denaturation phase, an annealing phase and a primer extension phase, and, CMOS circuitry between the MST layer and the supporting substrate, the CMOS circuitry being connected to the at least one heater for operative control of the at least one heater during the thermal cycling.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting a target nucleic acid sequence in a sample, the LOC device having probes with a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the target nucleic acid sequence for forming probe-target hybrids, and an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) luminophore, electrodes for generating an excited state in the ECL luminophore in which the ECL luminophore emits photons of light, and, a photosensor for sensing the photons emitted from the ECL luminophore, wherein, the electrodes have at least one working electrode which causes oxidation or reduction of the luminophore to generate an excited species that emits the photons, the working electrode being positioned immediately adjacent the photosensor.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device having a supporting substrate, a microsystems technologies (MST) layer with a hybridization section that has an array of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes for hybridization with target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, and, a photosensor for detecting hybridization of probes within the array of probes.

Abstract: A microfluidic test module having an outer casing having an inlet for receiving a biological sample containing a target nucleic acid sequence, and, a hybridization chamber mounted in the casing, the hybridization chamber containing probes having a nucleic acid sequence for hybridization with the target nucleic acid sequence to form probe-target hybrids, wherein, the hybridization chamber has a volume less than 900,000 cubic microns.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis of a biological sample, the LOC device having an inlet for receiving the sample, a supporting substrate, a dialysis section for separating cells larger than a predetermined threshold in the sample from smaller constituents, whereby the cells larger than a predetermined threshold include target cells containing genetic material for analysis, a plurality of reagent reservoirs, a lysis section downstream of the dialysis section for lysing the target cells to release the genetic material therein, the lysis section being in fluid communication with one of the reagent reservoirs containing a lysis reagent for lysing the target cells in the lysis section, a first nucleic acid amplification section downstream of the lysis section for amplifying first nucleic acid sequences in the genetic material, and, a second nucleic acid amplification section downstream of the first nucleic acid amplification section for amplifying second nucleic acid sequences in the amplicon from

Abstract: A test module for processing genetic material in a biological sample, the test module having a casing, a microfluidic device housed in the casing, the microfluidic device having reagents for processing the genetic material, a humidifier for increasing the humidity within the casing, a humidity sensor for sensing the humidity within the casing, wherein, the humidity sensor generates an output used for control of the humidifier.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for dialysis of biological material, the microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving a sample of biological material that has constituents of different sizes, a dialysis section for separating smaller constituents from larger constituents, the smaller constituents being smaller than a predetermined size threshold, and the larger constituents being larger than the predetermined size threshold, and, a microsystems technology (MST) layer for separately processing the smaller constituents and/or the larger constituents.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having an inlet for receiving a liquid flowing through the microfluidic device, an outlet downstream of the inlet, and, a fault-tolerant multiple valve assembly having a plurality of flow-paths extending from the inlet to the outlet and a plurality of valves positioned along each of the flow-paths respectively.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving a fluid sample, an incubation section for maintaining the fluid sample at an incubation temperature, the incubation section having at least one heater, and, at least one sensor, wherein, the at least one sensor is configured to provide output for feedback control of the at least one heater.

Abstract: A test module for excitation of electrochemiluminescent probes configured to detect target nucleic acid sequences, the test module having an outer casing with an inlet for receiving a fluid containing the target nucleic acid sequences, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes having an ECL luminophore for emitting photons when in an excited state and a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, and, electrodes for receiving an electrical pulse to excite the ECL luminophores, such that the ECL probes that have detected one of the target nucleic acid sequences reconfigure such that the functional moiety does not quench the photon emission from the ECL luminophore when excited by the electrodes, wherein, the ECL luminophore has a lanthanide metal-ligand complex.

Abstract: A test module having an outer casing dimensioned for hand-held portability, the outer casing having an inlet for receiving a biological sample containing a target nucleic acid sequence, probes in the outer casing for hybridization having a nucleic acid sequence for hybridization with a target nucleic acid sequence to form a probe-target hybrid, the probe-target hybrid being configured to generate a fluorescence signal in response to an excitation light, and, control circuitry having a photosensor for generating an output signal in response to the fluorescence signal, wherein, the control circuitry is configured to initiate a time delay upon deactivation of the excitation light before activating the photosensor.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis of a sample containing target nucleic acid sequences, the LOC device having a sample inlet for receiving the sample, a plurality of reagent reservoirs containing buffer solution, dNTPs, primers, and polymerase for addition to the sample to form an amplification mixture, and, a nucleic acid amplification section for maintaining the amplification mixture at a predetermined temperature during isothermal amplification of the target nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving a sample of biological material having nucleic acid sequences, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) section for amplifying the nucleic acid sequences, the PCR section having at least one heater for thermally cycling the nucleic acid sequences through a denaturation phase, an annealing phase and a primer extension phase, wherein during use, the PCR section has a thermal cycle time of less than 30 seconds.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, a microsystems technologies (MST) layer on the supporting substrate, the MST layer being configured to combine at least two liquids to form a flow of combined liquids, the MST layer having a diffusion mixing section for diffusive mixing of the at least two liquids, the mixing section having a microchannel defining a flow-path for the combined liquids, wherein, the channel cross section transverse to the flow direction is less than 100,000 square microns.

Abstract: A test module having an outer casing dimensioned for hand-held portability, the outer casing having an inlet for receiving a biological sample containing a target nucleic acid sequence, and, probes in the outer casing for hybridization having a nucleic acid sequence for hybridization with a target nucleic acid sequence to form a probe-target hybrid, the probe-target hybrid being configured to generate a fluorescence signal in response to an excitation light, and, control circuitry having a photosensor for generating an output signal in response to the fluorescence signal, wherein, the control circuitry is configured to initiate a time delay upon deactivation of the excitation light before activating the photosensor.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a supporting substrate, a microsystems technologies (MST) layer on the supporting substrate, a cap overlying the MST layer, the cap having a plurality of fluidic connections between the cap and the MST layer for fluid flow from the MST layer to the cap and fluid flow from the cap to the MST layer.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for lysing cells in a fluid, the microfluidic device having an inlet for receiving a fluid containing cells, a lysis reagent reservoir containing a lysis reagent and having an outlet valve, and, a lysis section in fluid communication with the inlet for holding the fluid during lysis of the cells, wherein, the outlet valve is upstream of the lysis section and configured to open as the fluid flows into the lysis section thereby adding the lysis reagent to the fluid.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for genetic analysis of a sample containing target nucleic acid sequences, the LOC device having a sample inlet for receiving the sample, a plurality of reagent reservoirs containing buffer, dNTPs, primers, and polymerase derived from a thermophilic bacterium for addition to the sample to form an amplification mixture, and, a nucleic acid amplification section for controlling the temperature of the amplification mixture during amplification of the target nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, the LOC device having electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes for detecting the target nucleic acid sequences, each of the probes having an ECL luminophore for emitting photons when in an excited state, a functional moiety for quenching photon emission from the ECL luminophore by resonant energy transfer, at least one positive control probe that has one of the ECL luminophores but not the functional moiety for quenching photon emission, at least one negative control probe that does not have one of the ECL luminophores, and, electrodes for receiving an electrical pulse to excite the ECL luminophores.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for removing cell debris from a biological sample containing target nucleic acid sequences, the LOC device having an amplification section for amplifying the nucleic acid sequences, a dialysis section with a large constituent channel, a small constituent channel and a plurality of apertures for fluid communication between the large constituent channel and the small constituent channel, the large constituent channel configured to receive the biological sample after nucleic acid amplification in the amplification section, the biological sample being a liquid mixture of the cell debris and the target nucleic acid sequences and the apertures are sized to allow the target nucleic acid sequences to flow into the small constituent channel while the cell debris larger than a threshold size is retained in the large constituent channel, and, an array of probes in fluid communication with the small constituent channel for hybridization with the target nucleic acid sequences to form probe-tar

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a sample inlet for receiving a fluid sample, an incubation section in fluid communication with the sample inlet, the incubation section having at least one heater for maintaining the fluid sample at an incubation temperature for an incubation period, and, CMOS circuitry to energize the at least one heater with a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.

Abstract: A test module for detecting target nucleic acid sequences in a fluid, the test module having an outer casing with an inlet for receiving a fluid containing the target nucleic acid sequences, an array of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes for hybridization with the target nucleic acid sequences to form probe-target hybrids, and, electrodes positioned for receiving an electrical pulse, the probe-target hybrids being configured to emit a photon of light when excited by current between the electrodes, and, a photosensor for detecting the light emitted by the probes, wherein during use, addition of the fluid to the probes prevents subsequent addition of other fluid to the probes.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for amplifying nucleic acid sequences, the microfluidic device having an inlet for receiving a sample containing genetic material, a plurality of reagent reservoirs containing reagents for addition to the sample, a first nucleic acid amplification section for amplifying nucleic acid sequences in the genetic material, and, a second nucleic acid amplification section for amplifying nucleic acid sequences in the genetic material in parallel with the first nucleic acid amplification section.

Abstract: A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for detecting target molecules in a fluid, the LOC device having an array of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probes for reaction with the target molecules to form probe-target complexes, electrodes for receiving an electrical pulse, the probe-target complexes being configured to emit a photon of light when excited by current between the electrodes, and, a photosensor for detecting light emitted by the probe-target complexes.