Abstract: The present invention concerns monomeric or polymeric linker molecules useful in biological and chemical applications, their synthesis, and the synthesis and use of derivatives of the linkers conjugated to a variety of detectable labels and other substances. The linkers may be used, for example, in conjunction with fluorescent labels, nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog probes, and solid phase systems, and to enhance the solubility of the conjugated molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising a drug linker conjugate D-L, wherein -D is an amine containing biologically active moiety; and -L is a non-biologically active linker moiety -L1 represented by formula (I), wherein the dashed line indicates the attachment to the amine of the biologically active moiety and wherein R1, R1a, R2, R2a, R3, R3a, X, X1, X2, X3 have the meaning as indicated in the description and the claims and wherein L1 is substituted with one to four groups L2-Z and optionally further substituted, provided that the hydrogen marked with the asterisk in formula (I) is not replaced by a substituent; wherein L2 is a single chemical bond or a spacer; and Z is a carrier group. The invention also relates to A-L, wherein A is a leaving group, pharmaceutical composition comprising said prodrugs and their use as medicaments.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions, methods and kits for analyzing three-dimensional chromatin and/or chromosome conformation. Method are also disclosed for using the methods disclosed herein for diagnosing diseases such as cancer.

Abstract: A mutant hydrolase optionally fused to a protein of interest is provided. The mutant hydrolase is capable of forming a bond with a substrate for the corresponding nonmutant (wild-type) hydrolase which is more stable than the bond formed between the wild-type hydrolase and the substrate and has at least two amino acid substitutions relative to the wild-type hydrolase. Substrates for hydrolases comprising one or more functional groups are also provided, as well as methods of using the mutant hydrolase and the substrates of the invention. Also provided is a fusion protein capable of forming a stable bond with a substrate and cells which express the fusion protein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a one-bead-two-compound method for the creation of encoded cyclic peptoid libraries. This scheme is useful for the creation of cyclic peptoid microarrays since only the cyclic peptoid, not the linear encoding molecule, contains an attachment residue and thus can be spotted onto an activated substrate.

Abstract: Aluminum coated glass slides provide a novel glycan array platform. Specifically, aluminum coated glass slides increase sensitivity of fluorescent based assay methods. Additionally, aluminum coated glass slides allows for mass spectroscopic analysis of carbohydrates and provide a platform for examining activity of cellulases. The unique properties of ACG slides include: 1) the metal oxide layer on the surface can be activated for grafting organic compounds such as modified oligosaccharides; 2) the surface remains electrically conductive, and the grafted oligosaccharides can be simultaneously characterized by mass spectrometry and carbohydrate-binding assay; and 3) the slides are more sensitive than transparent glass slides in binding analysis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for improving the discordance rate and mapping yield in nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns monomeric or polymeric linker molecules useful in biological and chemical applications, their synthesis, and the synthesis and use of derivatives of the linkers conjugated to a variety of detectable labels and other substances. The linkers may be used, for example, in conjunction with fluorescent labels, nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog probes, and solid phase systems, and to enhance the solubility of the conjugated molecules.

Abstract: Provided are a bi-functional compound that is positively charged at a first pH and negatively charged at a second pH, a solid support having the bi-functional compound immobilized thereon, and a method of isolating a nucleic acid, including: binding the bi-functional compound with a nucleic acid at a first pH and isolating the nucleic acid from the bi-functional compound at a second pH.

Abstract: Methods for marking a material and subsequently detecting that it has been marked, comprising adding or applying a marker comprising a nucleic acid tag to the material, sampling a portion of the material, and detecting the presence of the tag. The quantity of the tag present in the sample provides an indication of the quantity of marker present in the material. The tag may comprise one or more identifying sequences, and the tag is amplified by means of a nucleic acid amplification reaction.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, and kits for detecting one or more species of RNA molecules are disclosed. In one embodiment, a first adaptor and a second adaptor are ligated to the RNA molecule using a polypeptide comprising double-strand specific RNA ligase activity, without an intervening purification step. The ligated product is reverse transcribed, then at least some of the ribonucleosides in the reverse transcription product are removed. Primers are added and amplified products are generated. In certain embodiments, the sequence of at least part of at least one species of amplified product is determined and at least part of the corresponding RNA molecule is determined. In some embodiments, at least some of the amplified product species are detected, directly or indirectly, allowing the presence and/or quantity of the RNA molecule of interest to be determined.

Abstract: A composition can include a nanostructure, and a linker associated with the nanostructure, wherein the linker is configured to interact with a capture protein. The nanostructure can include a single-walled carbon nanotube. A plurality of the compositions can be configured in an array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugated with multi-amine linkers, and a method to prepare the same and utilization thereof. More specifically, the method is characterized by conjugating monomers having multi-amine functionality sequentially at a PNA terminal, and effectively immobilizing the PNA conjugated with multi-amine linkers on a solid surface. A PNA array prepared using the PNA conjugated with multi-amine linkers exhibits improved sensitivity and specificity of signals for detecting target nucleic acids as compared to a PNA array using PNA probes having only one amine group. The PNA conjugated with multi-amine linkers can be utilized in nucleic acid detecting devices or kits for gene diagnosis such as PNA microarrays, PNA chips, PNA field-effect transistors and impedance detectors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for clonal pre-amplification of a nucleic acid involving the steps of (i) providing a plurality of different nucleic acid molecules (b) attaching adaptor sequences to the 3? ends and 5? ends of the nucleic acid molecules (c) preparing a water in oil emulsion wherein the majority of water droplets comprises one or none member of the plurality of different nucleic acid molecules (d) clonally amplifying the plurality of different nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the different nucleic acid molecules are mRNA molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein P1, P2, P3, and P4 are each independently hydrogen or a protecting group; and n is an integer of from 2 to 20 and to the use of such compounds for the synthesis of 18F-FDG.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that are useful as linkers for solid phase synthesis and as protecting groups, and methods for producing and using the same.

Abstract: A method for biochemical analysis uses a micro-reaction array with at least two reaction chambers for materials which react together chemically or biochemically. The reaction chambers are smaller than 1 ?l, the reaction chambers are filled together by throughflow, the chemical or biochemical reactions of the substances retained therein then occurs in the individual isolated reaction chambers, thus preventing an interference between the reactions in the individual reaction chambers and the reaction products remain enclosed in the relevant reaction chambers. In the system the planar array has at least two reaction chambers for substances, whereby the reaction chambers are closed with the goal of preventing an exchange of substances.

Abstract: Activated Supports, support-bound activators, strongly acidic supports, and silylating supports are provided; the activated support having the formula (I) wherein L is a linking group component; X is F, CL, OH, and trisubstituted silyloxy; and the shaded circle represents a solid or semi-solid support. Methods of using the activated supports in solid phase organic sync) thesis are also provided.

Abstract: A detection oligomer and method for controlling the quality of a biochip using the detection oligomer are provided. The detection oligomer includes a template having a first and second end and having a sequence that is complementary to a specific sequence of an oligomer, and a hairpin connected to the first end of the template.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions suitable for spotting compounds onto a substrate, and methods employing these compositions. The composition can include one or more organic anions of formula I: R(X)m(Y)n. In an embodiment of formula I, R is an organic moiety, X is an anionic moiety, and, Y is a neutral hydrophilic moiety. The composition can include one or more neutral hydrophilic polymers. In an embodiment, the neutral hydrophilic polymer can be represented by formula V: In Formula V, the group in parenthesis represents the polymer backbone, A can be absent or is a carbon or a heteroatom, and B is pendant neutral hydrophilic group. The present invention includes arrays, which can be made with or include compositions according to the present invention and can be made by using the method of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a linker or population of linkers that include an oligonucleotide fixed portion and an oligonucleotide variable portion represented by formula (N)n, wherein N is A, C, G, T or U, or their derivatives, and n is an integer equal to or higher than 1. A linker-polynucleotide or a population of linker-polynucleotides of the invention may be constituted by said linker or population of linkers and a target first strand polynucleotide bound to said linker. The invention also encompasses a method of preparing said linker or population of linkers and a method of preparing a linker-polynucleotide using said linker or population of linkers. The linkers or polynucleotide-linkers of the invention can be used in a method of preparing a cDNA library.

Abstract: Intermediates and methods for forming passivated surfaces on oxide layers and articles produced thereby are described. Hydroxyl or hydroxide groups on the oxide surfaces are reacted with a metal reagent of the formula Y(L-Pol)m, where Y is a transition metal, magnesium or aluminum, L is oxygen, sulfur, selenium or an amine, and “Pol” represents a passivating agent such as a polyethylene glycol, a hydrocarbon, or a fluorocarbon. The resulting modified surface can be further reacted with a passivating agent having a phosphate functional group or a polyvalent reagent comprising a passivating moiety and a plurality of functional groups that are reactive with or that form complexes with Y. The passivating agent can also include a functional group such as biotin to provide surfaces with a desired functionality. The passivated surfaces exhibit minimal binding to bio-molecules and can be used in single-molecule detection schemes.