Abstract: A lubricant base oil composed of an ester. The ester includes a component (A) derived from trimethylolpropane in a molar percentage Amol % of 25 to 42 mol %; components (B) derived from monovalent straight-chain saturated fatty acids each having a carbon number of 8 to 12 in a molar percentage Bmol % of 33 to 55 mol %: and a component (C) derived from adipic acid in a molar ratio Cmol % of 12 to 34 mol %. The components (B) include lauric acid in a molar percentage of 5 to 50 mol %, and (BCOOH+CCOOH)/AOH is 0.90 to 1.02. AOH represents a hydroxyl equivalent of the component (A), BCOOH represents a carboxyl group equivalent of the components (B); and CCOOH represents a carboxyl group equivalent of the component (C).

Abstract: A lubricant additive comprising a rod-like liquid crystal compound possessing a cation group and an anion is disclosed. The rod-like liquid crystal compound is typically a specific type of 4-(1,3-diox-2-yl)pyridinium salt and exhibits an effect of reducing the coefficient of friction if added in a small amount. A lubricant composition and a grease composition comprising the lubricant additive are also disclosed.

Abstract: A new additive for water based metal cutting and grinding coolant comprises a combination of soybean oil and surfactant, the surfactant being a nonoxynol or alcohol based detergent that is biodegradable. The proportion of soybean oil to surfactant is adjusted for metal cutting or grinding and the proportion of additive to water is also adjusted for metal cutting or grinding. A small amount of bacteriocide may be added to the additive to avoid rancidity.