Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for determining the temperature of an engine oil in an internal combustion engine comprising: acquiring a value of a parameter characterizing a current operating point of the internal combustion engine; and calculating the temperature of the engine oil using an oil temperature model. The oil temperature model depends at least in part on dilution of the engine oil caused by different components in the engine oil and accounts for modified heating behavior of the engine oil based on the dilution.

Abstract: There is provided a lubricant which is produced by dissolving a sorbitan ester compound in a solvent such as hexane or toluene. In the sorbitan ester compound, at least one of hydroxyl groups of 1,5-sorbitan is linked by ester linkage to a perfluoro polyether having a terminal carboxyl group and at least an other hydroxyl group is linked by ester linkage to a hydrocarbon having a terminal carboxyl group. There is also provided a thin magnetic metal film type magnetic recording medium or a coated magnetic recording medium in which the above lubricant is held on the surface of a magnetic layer. The lubricant exhibits superior lubricating effects under all conditions and is capable of maintaining the lubricating effects for prolonged time. Consequently, the magnetic recording medium which has the lubricant held on the magnetic layer exhibits superior running durability and resistance against abrasion.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of 2,2-diorgano-1-indanones, e.g., 2,2-dimethyl-1-indanone, by reacting an alcohol which is the corresponding (diorganosubstitutedmethyl)phenyl(or substitutedphenyl)carbinol, e.g., 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanol, with carbon monoxide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, e.g., hydrogen fluoride, with any substituents on the phenyl group of the alcohol being hydroxy or organo. The foregoing reaction is preferably integrated with the preparation of the feed alcohol by reducing the corresponding (diorganosubstitutedmethyl)phenyl(or substitutedphenyl)ketone, e.g., isobutyrophenone, with a reducing agent containing available hydrogen, e.g., sodium borohydride, or with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.