Abstract: A cleaning solution and a method for manufacturing a display device, the cleaning solution including about 2 wt % to about 12 wt % of nitric acid; about 0.5 wt % to about 15 wt % of an organic acid; about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a salt compound; about 0.01 wt % to about 3 wt % of an inorganic salt that includes fluorine; and a balance of water, all amounts being based on a total weight of the cleaning solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acidic aqueous solution suitable for the pickling of stainless steel grades that comprises accelerators based on water soluble inorganic compounds comprising at least one nitrogen atom in an oxidation state in the range of ?2 to ??. The present invention further encompasses a process for the pickling of stainless steel that makes use of a pickling solution comprising the above-mentioned accelerators.

Abstract: A stripping solution comprises a highly corrosive acid and an iron concentration of at least about 1.0 gram per liter (g/L). The stripping solution is air agitated to remove a coating from a metal article submerged therein.

Abstract: A multi-phase surface cleaning composition. A first phase comprises an acidic cleaning formulation. A second phase comprises an alkaline cleaning formulation. The second phase includes a synthetic clay component.

Abstract: A method of conditioning the surface of a work piece, particularly of a strip or sheet, more particularly of a lithostrip or lithosheet, including an aluminum alloy is provided. The method for conditioning the surface of a work piece and a work piece including an aluminum alloy enabling an increasing manufacturing speed in electro-chemically graining and maintaining at the same time a high quality of the grained surface, includes a conditioning method which comprises at least the two steps, degreasing the surface of the work piece with a degreasing medium and subsequently cleaning the surface of the work piece by pickling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compacted solid detergent compositions, generally in the form of pills or tablets for all types of cleaning tasks such as cleaning floors and glass, using washing machines, dishwashers, air fresheners, etc. This invention also relates to the use of the detergent composition according to the invention for producing effervescent tablets or compacted powders that can be used in detergent compositions that disaggregate immediately when they come into contact with an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A chlorinated alkaline cleaning agent and methods for removing food soils with no resultant increase in foam generation. Particularly advantageous is that the addition of methanesulfonic acid in removing food soils with no resultant increase in foam generation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an enzyme stabilization system, compositions with the enzyme stabilization system, and methods of using the enzyme composition. Preferred ratios of acid to amine are effective at stabilizing enzyme. Optional nonionic surfactants and solvents also positively contribute to enzyme stability. The compositions are useful in cleaning applications.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved cleaning composition for cleaning metal surfaces such as aluminum and aluminum-containing alloys. The cleaning composition of the present invention comprises water and an ethoxylate of an alcohol having Formula R1—OH wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched aliphatic having from 12 to 80 carbon atoms; an inorganic pH adjusting component; and at least one surfactant that is different than the ethoxylate set forth above. The cleaning composition of the present invention also has an average water-break-free percent reduction of less than 50% after 7 days aging of a working composition prepared from the cleaning composition. The present invention also provides a method of cleaning a metal surface with the cleaning composition of the invention.

Abstract: A method of conditioning the surface of a work piece, particularly of a strip or sheet, more particularly of a lithostrip or lithosheet, including an aluminum alloy is provided. The method for conditioning the surface of a work piece and a work piece including an aluminum alloy enabling an increasing manufacturing speed in electro-chemically graining and maintaining at the same time a high quality of the grained surface, includes a conditioning method which comprises at least the two steps, degreasing the surface of the work piece with a degreasing medium and subsequently cleaning the surface of the work piece by pickling.

Abstract: The use of complex fluoride ions of elements of groups 4, 13, or 14 of the periodic table of the chemical elements (preferably selected from complex fluoride ions of the elements B, Si, Ti, and Zr) in concentrations from 30 t 500 millimoles per liter in process solutions for pickling steel or for bleaching and/or passivating pickled surfaces of stainless steel; a process solution for pickling steel or bleaching and/or passivating pickled surfaces of stainless steel comprising: a) one or more strong acids, b) one or more oxidizing agents in the bleaching/passisvating process, c) complex fluoride ions of elements of groups 4, 13 or 14 of the periodic table of the chemical elements in concentrations from 50 to 500 mmoles per liter; replenisher or concentrate containing a combination of active substances thereof; a process for pickling steel or for brightening and/or passivating of pickled surfaces of stainless steel, wherein the surfaces are brought into contact with such a process solution.

Abstract: A composition is provided for use in cleaning a surface of a cementitious material. The composition includes HCI, urea, complex substituted keto-amine-hydrochloride, an alcohol, an ethoxylate, and a ketone. A method of using the composition includes applying the composition to a surface from which it is desired to clean a cementitious material and removing the composition and released cementitious material from the surface. Methods are also provided for performing hydraulic fracturing of an oil or a gas well; for adjusting a pH of a drilling fluid; for adjusting and maintaining a pH of a process fluid; for solubilizing calcium carbonate in an aqueous suspension or dispersion of calcium carbonate; for removing a foulant in a fluid-handling element; adjusting a pH and lowering a salt level of turf.

Abstract: A cleaning solution for cleaning stainless steels etched by ferric or ferrous salt solution is provided. The cleaning solution including: one or more ingredients selected from a group consisting of inorganic acid, inorganic alkali metal salt, and inorganic alkaline-earth metal salt in a concentration of about 200-600 g/L; complexant being capable of complexing with ferric or ferrous ions in a concentration of about 26-275 g/L; and one of carboxylic acid and carboxylate, or a combination thereof, in a concentration of about 75-250 g/L. A method for cleaning the stainless steels is also described there.

Abstract: A solution and method for removing titanium-containing coatings from the surface of substrates using the solution are provided. The solution includes 90-1000 g/L organic or inorganic acid; 70-500 g/L accelerant, the accelerant being acid or salt which contains fluorinion; 15-200 g/L secondary accelerator, the secondary accelerator being generic amino alcohols which can combine with titanium ion; 2-8 g/L inhibiter, the inhibiter being selected from one or more of the group consisting of thiourea, thiourea derivatives, and carbamide. The method for removing titanium-containing coating on the substrate mainly includes contacting the substrate with the titanium-containing coating with the solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a acidic composition for cleaning surfaces of metal or alloys which are susceptible to corrosion comprising i) an ester of phosphoric acid, diphosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid, ii) a benzotriazole derivative of the general formula (I) in which each of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is the same or different and is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an acyl group, iii) a phosphonic acid of the general formula R6—PO—(OH)2 (II) in which the group R6 is alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, or arylalkyl group and iv) an acidic source. The invention further relates to a use solution and to a method for cleaning.

Abstract: A method and a composition for remediating reticulation equipment such as a bore having biocontamination deposits is disclosed. In its most preferred form, the composition is formed by mixing dry solid oxalic acid, a cupric salt such as copper sulphate, and a solid acidic compound such as sodium bisulphate. Proportions of 94%, 2% and 4% respectively are suitable, while avoiding toxicity and contamination problems. After thorough mixing this mixture can be stored in a dry sealed container for future use. In use, the reticulation equipment is dosed with from 3 kg to 7 kg of mixture per hundred litres of water contained within the reticulation equipment.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method for treating a surface with a gel, as well as to a treatment gel. The treatment may be a decontamination, etching or surface degreasing treatment, for example. The method comprises in this order, the following steps: applying the treatment gel on the surface to be treated, maintaining the treatment gel on the surface to be treated at a temperature and relative humidity such that the gel dries by breaking up and that it has the time to treat the surface before forming a dry and solid residue, and removing the dry and solid residue from the treated surface by suction or brushing. The gel comprises a viscosing agent, a treatment agent and optional an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a surface with a gel, as well as to a treatment gel. The treatment may be a decontamination, etching or surface degreasing treatment, for example. The method comprises in this order, the following steps: applying the treatment gel on the surface to be treated, maintaining the treatment gel on the surface to be treated at a temperature and relative humidity such that the gel dries by breaking up and that it has the time to treat the surface before forming a dry and solid residue, and removing the dry and solid residue from the treated surface by suction or brushing. The gel comprises a viscosing agent, a treatment agent and optionally an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method and cleaning composition for removing engine deposits from turbine components, in particular turbine disks and turbine shafts. This method comprises the following steps: (a) providing a turbine component having a surface with engine deposits thereon, wherein the turbine component comprises a nickel and/or cobalt-containing base metal; and (b) treating the surface of the turbine component with a cleaning composition to convert the engine deposits thereon to a removable smut without substantially etching the base metal of the turbine component. The cleaning composition comprises an aqueous solution that is substantially free of acetic acid and comprising: a nitrate ion source in an amount, by weight of the nitrate ion, of from about 470 to about 710 grams/liter; and a bifluoride ion source in an amount, by weight of the bifluoride ion, of from about 0.5 to about 15 grams/liter.

Abstract: A composition comprising a mixing product of: (i) a first acid having a pKa of less than 3, in an amount by weight of 1-10%, (ii) a second acid having a pKa of greater than 3, in an amount by weight of 1-10%, (iii) a nonionic surfactant in an amount by weight of 1-7%; and (iv) water; wherein the composition has a pH of less than 2.5. The composition can be used for the removal of grease, lime scale, soap scum, and rust on hard surfaces.

Abstract: A cleaning implement with a handle and a removable cleaning pad can be used to effectively clean surfaces. The cleaning pad is impregnated with an acidic cleaning composition. The cleaning pad may be dry to the touch. The cleaning implement may be a manual tool or a motorized tool. Examples of suitable cleaning implements include a hard surface floor mop, a carpet mop, an auto cleaning device, a toilet cleaning device, a bathroom cleaning device, and a shower cleaning device.

Abstract: A light duty liquid cleaning composition comprising at least one ammonium or metal salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant, at least one ammonium or metal salt of an ethoxylated C8-C18 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant having 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, and at least one betaine surfactant; wherein (a) a total amount of surfactant in the composition is at least 30 weight %, (b) the composition has a pH less than 7 and a viscosity of less than 75 cPs measured at 25° C., (c) if a magnesium salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant is present in the composition, it is present in an amount of 0.1 to less than 3 or greater than 16% by weight of the composition, and (d) the composition does not contain an inorganic magnesium salt.

Abstract: A light duty liquid cleaning composition comprising at least one ammonium or metal salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant, at least one ammonium or metal salt of an ethoxylated C8-C18 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant having 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, and at least one betaine surfactant; wherein (a) a total amount of surfactant in the composition is at least 30 weight %, (b) the composition has a pH less than 7 and a viscosity of less than 75 cPs measured at 25° C. (c) if a magnesium salt of a C8-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant is present in the composition, it is present in an amount of 0.

Abstract: A cleaning implement with a handle and a removable cleaning pad can be used to effectively clean surfaces. The cleaning pad is impregnated with an acidic cleaning composition. The cleaning pad may be dry to the touch. The cleaning implement may be a manual tool or a motorized tool. Examples of suitable cleaning implements include a hard surface floor mop, a carpet mop, an auto cleaning device, a toilet cleaning device, a bathroom cleaning device, and a shower cleaning device.

Abstract: A buffered acid composition created by the combination of liquid ammonia and an acid and a method for making the composition. The buffered acid composition is for use as a cleaning agent and for balancing the pH of a fluid.

Abstract: The compositions of this invention are microemulsions having a. a surfactant consisting essentially of a mixture of one or more alkoxylated amines or alkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts and one or more preferably branched carboxylic acids or salts thereof, b. a solvent or oil that is liquid at 25° C. and is insoluble in water, and c. water, wherein an optically clear isotropic microemulsion is formed.

Abstract: A process for cleaning (e.g., desmutting) an aluminum surface, using compositions free of nitric acid and chromic acid and comprising, in one embodiment, an oxidant and at least one mineral acid salt. In another embodiment, the process uses a composition free of nitric acid and chromic acid and comprising an oxidant, at least one mineral acid salt, and a complexing agent which is a salt of an organic acid. Due at least in part to the absence of nitric and chromic acids, and in particular, strong mineral acids, the cleaning processes of the present invention remove smut residues from aluminum surfaces without significant etching of the aluminum.

Abstract: A cleaning composition including a metal bisulfate and metal inorganic salt acid package, and at least one surfactant. The cleaning composition can be a one-step wheel cleaner/brightener. The composition preferably contains no HF, no bifluoride, no oxalic acid, or other poisonous and highly toxic materials commonly found in both industrial and consumer wheel cleaners. Further, the wheel cleaner/brightener composition matches or exceeds the performance of those hazardous formulations and does not damage aluminum wheels even when applied to hot metal. The composition can be a foam composition, provided in a foam dispenser. The foam dispenser includes a container and a mechanical foaming head. The container includes a cleaning composition containing a metal bisulfate and metal sulfate acid package, and at least one surfactant, water, and a foam-boosting solvent.

Abstract: An adduct that has an acidic solution of sparingly-soluble Group IIA complexes (“AGIIS”) and at least one additive. The AGIIS can be prepared by mixing a mineral acid (such as sulfuric acid), and a Group IIA hydroxide (such as calcium hydroxide) or a Group IIA salt of a dibasic acid (such as calcium sulfate), or a mixture of the two Group IIA compounds, followed by removing the solid formed. The additives can be an alcohol, an organic acid or a surface active agent. The composition has various uses, including cleaning, food production, decontamination, bioremediation, agricultural application, medical application, and detoxification of substances.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sprayable, acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition which contains suspended inclusions which appear as visibly discernible, discrete particulate materials, preferably where said discrete particulate materials are based on alginates which are present as two or more classes of particulate materials.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sprayable, acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition which contains suspended inclusions which appear as visibly discernible, discrete particulate materials, preferably where said discrete particulate materials are based on alginates. The composition contains a thiclcener which comprises both gellan gum and Xanthan gum.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pourable acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition which contains suspended inclusions which appear as visibly discernible, discrete particulate materials, preferably where said discrete particulate materials are based on alginates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pourable acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition which contains suspended inclusions which appear as visibly discernible, discrete particulate materials, preferably where said discrete particulate materials are based on alginates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pourable acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition which contains suspended inclusions which appear as visibly discernible, discrete particulate materials, preferably where said discrete particulate materials are based on alginates.

Abstract: A method for chemical etching is disclosed for taking away oxidized film and removing cut as well as punched edge burs of harden-treated carbon steel (SK3, SK4 and SK5). Thereby, the fillet edge of the cut section is achieved. An oxidized film with a thickness of several micrometers is formed when a cut and punched steel is quenched and tempered at high temperature. Due to high strength and hardness of the steel, the oxidized film and edge burs are difficult to be removed by mechanical grinding. Therefore, a suitable electrolyte composes of only a little chemical reagent and oxidizer in deionized water is used to remove the oxidized film and punched bur simultaneously using chemical etching method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sprayable, acidic hard surface cleaning and/or disinfecting composition which contains suspended inclusions which appear as visibly discernible, discrete particulate materials, preferably where said discrete particulate materials are based on alginates.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid composition comprising water; at least one acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and inorganic acids other than phosphoric acid wherein the at least one acid is present in an amount from about 1.0 to about 30 milliequivalents per kilogram of total composition (“mEq/kg”); and an amphoteric surfactant wherein the amphoteric surfactant is present in an amount from about 0.01 to about 20 grams per kilogram of total composition (“g/kg”), the aqueous liquid composition having a pH from about 2.0 to about 6.1 and having a reduced etch attack on metal as compared to an aqueous composition comprising from about 1.0 to about 30 milliequivalents per kilogram of total composition (“mEq/kg”) of acids selected from the group consisting of carboxylic, hydroxycarboxylic, and inorganic acids, and not containing the amphoteric surfactant.

Abstract: The inventive aqueous pickling agent on the basis of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and hydrogen fluoride for stainless steels, which pickling agent is free of wetting and emulsifying agents, contains (each as 100 wt-% substance) 1.5 to 16 wt-% sulfuric acid or 2.0 to 30 wt-% phosphoric acid as well as 0.5 to 14 wt-% hydrogen fluoride and 0.5 to 15.5 wt-% acid-soluble aromatic nitro compound. An iron(III) compound is not supplied to said pickling agent. Merely in the starting phase, an oxidizing agent can be supplied, which oxidizes iron(II) to form iron(III). As acid-soluble aromatic nitro compound m-nitrobenzene sulfonate and/or 3-nitrophthalate are particularly advantageous. The inventive pickling agent can be used as bath pickle and —when adding 2.5 to 5.5 wt-% magnesium and/or magnesium compound (calculated as Mg)—also as spraying pickle or brush pickle.

Abstract: An aqueous solution that has the capacity for removing tarnish and other soil from copper, silver, gold and other noble metals and alloys thereof comprises an acid, thiourea and a transition metal salt. The aqueous material can be used to treat the surfaces of such articles for the purpose of removing tarnish. Such tarnish is removed by the composition and the composition treats the metal surface to retard the re-appearance of tarnish contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a composition, suitable for cleaning hard surfaces, comprising a bleaching agent and a silicone glycol.

Abstract: An aqueous detergent composition is provided containing phosphoric acid or salt thereof, an organic phosphate surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and water. The aqueous detergent composition may be employed to improved the adhesion of a coating to a substrate. Also provided is a method of improving the adhesion of a coating to a substrate.

Abstract: A cleaning composition is provided according to the invention. The cleaning composition includes a product of mixing an acid component, a source of phosphoric acid component, and an oxidant component. The molar ratio of oxidant component to phosphoric acid component is preferably between about 2:1 and about 1:2, and the molar ratio of oxidant component to acid component is preferably between about 1:3 and about 1:5. A method of cleaning an aluminum surface is provided. The method includes a step of applying the cleaning composition to an aluminum surface, and rinsing the cleaning composition from the aluminum surface.

Abstract: An aqueous solution that has the capacity for removing tarnish and other soil from copper, silver, gold and other noble metals and alloys thereof comprises an acid, thiourea and a transition metal salt. The aqueous material can be used to treat the surfaces of such articles for the purpose of removing tarnish. Such tarnish is removed by the composition and the composition treats the metal surface to retard the re-appearance of tarnish contaminants.

Abstract: A cleaning method in a semiconductor fabrication process includes providing a dilute composition consisting essentially of phosphoric acid and acetic acid and exposing a surface, e.g., aluminum, to the dilute composition. For example, the dilute composition includes phosphoric acid at a concentration of about 5% or less by volume and acetic acid at a concentration of about 30% or less by volume. Further, the cleaning method may use a composition comprising phosphoric acid and acetic acid, wherein the composition includes phosphoric acid at a concentration of X %, wherein X is about 5% by volume or less, and acetic acid at a concentration of about (100-X %) by volume or less. The cleaning method may be used, for example, in fabricating interconnect structures, aluminum containing structures, and multilevel interconnect structures. Cleaning compositions for use in the cleaning methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing a solution for treating an article, a treatment solution made thereby, and a method for treating an article with the solution are presented with, for example, the treatment method comprising providing a quantity of treatment solution, the treatment solution comprising an acid having the formula HxAF6, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Al, and Ga, and x is in the range from about 1 to about 6; determining a concentration of free acid contaminant in the treatment solution; and removing the concentration of free acid contaminant.

Abstract: A cleaning composition for removing organic deposits from hard to reach surfaces. In its basic embodiment, the cleaning composition comprises: a) a water miscible solvent; b) an inorganic salt in crystal form; and c) water. The inorganic salt in crystal form comprises from about 30 to about 70% weight of the total composition.

Abstract: A composition for the removal of grease and oil spots from concrete, asphalt surfaces, etc., comprises a degreaser and a diatomaceous earth. The degreaser comprises a number of ingredients of respective percentage ranges to emulsify the grease or oil which is then absorbed by the diatomaceous earth.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a composite powder comprising (A) an alkali metal silicate particle having an average particle size of from 1 to 500 &mgr;m; and (B) a water-soluble salt particle having an average particle size of from 0.01 to 50 &mgr;m, of which solubility to water at 20° C. is 1 g/100 g or more, wherein the alkali metal silicate particle has a composition formula in an anhydride form represented by: xM2O.ySiO2.zMeO (I) wherein M stands for Na and/or K; Me stands for Ca and/or Mg; y/x is from 0.5 to 4.0; z/x is from 0 to 1.0; and Mg/Ca in MeO is from 0 to 10, and wherein the composite powder has a (A)/(B) weight ratio of from 1/9 to 99/1; and a detergent composition comprising the composite powder. The composite powder is a composite powder having a remarkably enhanced storage stability of the alkali metal silicate without impairing the ion exchange capacity owned by the alkali metal silicate.

Abstract: A method for removing an aluminide coating from a substrate includes the steps of contacting the surface of the substrate with at least one stripping composition to degrade the coating. The stripping composition includes an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid, and at least one additive. The coating is then removed.

Abstract: A cleaning composition is provided according to the invention. The cleaning composition includes a product of mixing an acid component, a source of phosphoric acid component, and an oxidant component. The molar ratio of oxidant component to phosphoric acid component is preferably between about 2:1 and about 1:2, and the molar ratio of oxidant component to acid component is preferably between about 1:3 and about 1:5. A method of cleaning an aluminum surface is provided. The method includes a step of applying the cleaning composition to an aluminum surface, and rinsing the cleaning composition from the aluminum surface.