Halogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Or Phosphorus Containing Chemical Bleach Or Oxidant Or Antiseptic, Biocidal, Or Deodorant Component Patents (Class 510/518)
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Patent number: 9228158Abstract: Provided herein is a composition and a method for removing CHG from textiles. The composition is an acid-surfactant-based composition that may be used to remove CHG from a textile that has not been exposed to chlorine subsequent to being exposed to CHG.Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 2013Date of Patent: January 5, 2016Assignee: Gurtler Industries, Inc.Inventors: Steven J. Tinker, Samuel Garofalo, Karina Nieto, Eli Cryderman
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Patent number: 8975220Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions including a cationic polyelectrolyte, without any anionic polyelectrolytes, so that no polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) is formed. In addition to not forming PECs, and being free of anionic water-soluble polymers (i.e., an anionic polyelectrolyte polymer that could form a PEC with the cationic polyelectrolyte), the composition is also free of random copolymers, block copolymers, coacervates, precipitates, and silicone copolymers. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 2014Date of Patent: March 10, 2015Assignee: The Clorox CompanyInventors: Sukhvinder Kaur, Terutaka T. Kitagawa, David R. Scheuing
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Patent number: 8809251Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions having granules of phthalocyanine compounds, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof in washing agent and additive formulations. The composition has: a) At least one water-soluble phthalocyanine compound; b) At least one cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone component; c) At least one hydrophilic binding agent; and, optionally, d) Further additives suitable for the preparation of solid agglomerates; and may be liquid, solid, paste-like or gel-like.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 2013Date of Patent: August 19, 2014Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Patrick Christopher Stenger, Andrew Philip Moon, Gregory Scot Miracle, Ullrich Menge, Gunther Schlingloff, Frank Bachmann, Andreas Lindenmaier
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Patent number: 8691745Abstract: A fabric conditioner composition comprising a) a photo-bleach; b) a quaternary ammonium fabric conditioner; and c) an olefinic pro-fragrance.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 2008Date of Patent: April 8, 2014Assignee: Conopco, Inc.Inventors: Stephen Norman Batchelor, Mansur Sultan Mohammadi
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Patent number: 8476218Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions and related methods are described. In an embodiment of the invention, an antimicrobial composition comprises parachlorometaxylenol in an amount of 0.75% w/w to 1% w/w; sodium pareth C12-15 sulfonate in an amount of 1% w/w to 1.25% w/w; poly(oxyethylene)20 cetyl ether in an amount of 0.05% w/w to 0.55% w/w; benzoic acid in an amount of 0.075% w/w to 1.25% w/w; glycerol in an amount of 0.01% w/w to 0.02% w/w; phenoxyethanol in an amount of 0.001% w/w to 0.5% w/w; and water in an amount of 94% w/w to 97% w/w.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 2012Date of Patent: July 2, 2013Assignee: Safehands Solutions, LLCInventors: Jay Reubens, David Dyer
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Publication number: 20110250159Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method of counteracting a malodor by introducing a malodor counteracting effective amount of an enantiomeric compound selected from the group consisting of (1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl butyrate and (1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl acetate.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 21, 2011Publication date: October 13, 2011Inventors: Richard K Payne, Richard M. Boden, Mónica Diaz Sierra, Matthias H. Tabert
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Publication number: 20110237487Abstract: This invention relates to fabric and home care products comprising one or more cold water proteases and processes for making and using such products. Such compositions provide improved cleaning and freshness. Such cold water proteases may be derived from parent enzymes, including BPN? subtilisin and subtilisin derived from Bacillus lentus, by substitution, insertion and/or deletion of one or more of the parent enzymes' amino acids.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 9, 2010Publication date: September 29, 2011Inventors: Philip Frank Souter, Glenn Steven Ward, Viktor Yuryevich Alekseyev, Joshua Roy Basler, Luis Gustavo Cascão-Pereira, David A. Estell, Ayrookaran J. Poulose, James T. Kellis, JR., Alexander Pisarchik, Daniel Esteban Torres-Pazmino
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Publication number: 20100227790Abstract: Textile treatment agent containing a biocidal compound, a perfume composition and a non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant has an HLB value of from 10.5 to 15 and a cloud temperature of at least 50° C. This allows production of a stable textile treatment agent which reduces the number of microorganisms on textiles treated with the agent and gives the textiles a pleasant fragrance.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 20, 2010Publication date: September 9, 2010Inventors: Konstanze Mayer, Karl-Heinz Scheffler, Dietmar Schröter
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Publication number: 20100216687Abstract: Compositions comprising unsaturated fatty chains have reduced or eliminated base off-odour with the incorporation of a photobleach.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 22, 2008Publication date: August 26, 2010Inventors: Robert Allan Hunter, Mansur Sultan Mohammadi
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Patent number: 7754092Abstract: A composition comprising a mixture of at least one soil resist agent and at least one additive which is maleic anhydride, and a method of providing soil resistance to fibrous substrates are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 2008Date of Patent: July 13, 2010Assignee: E.I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Joyce Monson Materniak, Edward Patrick Carey
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Publication number: 20090264335Abstract: A laundry treatment composition which comprises a surfactant and from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % of a combination of dyes which together have a visual effect on the human eye as a single dye having a peak absorption wavelength on cotton of from 540 nm to 650 nm, preferably from 570 nm to 630 nm, the combination comprising a photostable dye which is substantive to cotton.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 1, 2009Publication date: October 22, 2009Applicant: CONOPCO INC., D/B/A UNILEVERInventors: Danielle Santinho BARBIZAN, Stephen Norman BATCHELOR, Lisanne Beatriz GRIGOLON, Andrea Dias SORZE, Andrew Thomas STEEL
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Publication number: 20090110870Abstract: A composition comprising a mixture of at least one soil resist agent and at least one additive which is maleic anhydride, and a method of providing soil resistance to fibrous substrates are disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 14, 2008Publication date: April 30, 2009Applicant: E.I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Joyce Monson Materniak, Edward Patrick Carey
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Publication number: 20080312126Abstract: Compositions and methods of treating textiles are disclosed. More specifically, stable compositions and methods for softening a wide range of fabrics are disclosed, including 100% cotton and hydrophobic synthetic fabrics, without detrimentally affecting the water absorbency properties of the fabrics. The compositions and methods provide desirable odor control without interfering with the stability of the product. The compositions contain at least one fatty material, water-dispersible polyolefin or at least one water-soluble or waterdispersible polyorganosiloxane, and at least one bleaching agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide. The compositions may optionally contain discrete, individual polymer particles, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyvinyl acetate/acrylic copolymer (PVA/a), or a combination thereof. The compositions are particularly useful when added to the rinse water in the laundering process, or in the final scouring of a fabric finishing operation.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 11, 2008Publication date: December 18, 2008Applicant: Optimer, Inc.Inventors: John W. Moore, Christopher S. Moore, Cassie M. Lilienthal, Ashwinkumar Jaju
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Publication number: 20080295256Abstract: Fabric softening compositions comprising polymeric materials capable of retaining volatile perfume ingredients are disclosed, as well as methods of softening fabrics.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 31, 2007Publication date: December 4, 2008Inventors: Guy Broze, Alain Jacques, Alexandrine Tuzi, Georges Yianakopoulos, Louis Oldenhove, Richard Payne
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Patent number: 7381345Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber product treating agent and a method of increasing the longevity of perfume in a fiber product treating agent. The present invention specifically relates to a fiber product treating agent containing (a) a compounds represented by the following formulae (1-1) and (1-2) and (b) a perfume, wherein the content of compounds as component (a) in which the carbon number of R11 is 21 or more is 50% by weight or more, or a fiber product treating agent comprising the above components (a) and (b), wherein the content of perfumery components having a boiling point of 250° C. or more and a logPow of 3 or more is 20% by weight or more in the component (b), and a method of using the above component (a) to increase the longevity of the perfume in the fiber product treating agent.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 2006Date of Patent: June 3, 2008Assignee: Kao CorporationInventors: Hiroshi Abe, Shoji Saito
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Patent number: 7196238Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dimerizing lower, olefinic hydrocarbons. In particular, the present invention concerns a process for dimerizing C3–, C4 and C5-olefins with a medium pore zeolite under process conditions allowing selective dimerization According to the invention, fresh olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is fed to a reaction system including at least one reaction zone and at least one separation zone. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with an acid catalyst at conditions in which at least a part of the olefins dimerizes. The effluent from the reaction zone is conducted to the separation zone where dimerized reaction product is separated from said effluent.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 2003Date of Patent: March 27, 2007Assignee: Fortum OYJInventors: Matti Nurminen, Antti Pyhälahti, Pirjo Siira, Marja Tiitta
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Patent number: 6762157Abstract: An aqueous composition for the reduction or elimination of unpleasant odors from surfaces containing such odors comprises a perfume, a surfactant/solubilizer, a solvent/drying aid, an odor absorber, and, preferably, a buffer to maintain the desired pH. The solution contains minimal or no volatile organic compounds. Due to the specific nature of the combination of the surfactant/solubilizer and the solvent/drying aid, the use of fragrances previously too hydrophobic for use in an aqueous solution is possible, providing a large variety of efficient odor counteractants not previously available. The composition may optionally comprise additional components, such as preservatives, antimicrobials, anti-static compositions, anti-wrinkling agents, insect control agents, moth repellents, UV protectants, water-proofing agents, and textile treatment agents. The aqueous solution may be applied to a variety of surfaces, in sufficient quantity to wet the surface, preferably by spraying.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 2000Date of Patent: July 13, 2004Assignee: S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc.Inventors: Linda J. Babinski, Karen K. Kristopeit, Francis J. Randall
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Patent number: 6696406Abstract: A liquid fluorescent whitening agent formulation comprising: a) a compound of formula (1), in which R1 represents hydrogen, 1-5 C-alkyl, 1-5 C-alkoxy or halogen, M represents hydrogen, an alkaline- or alkaline earth-metal, or ammonium; b) a polyhydroxy compound; c) 5 to 95% water, whereby the ratio of the compound of Formula (1) to the polyhydroxy compound is between 10:90 and 90:10 parts by weight and the total weight of these compounds in the formulation is between 5 and 95% and, optionally, auxiliary stabilizing agents and the use thereof for the manufacture of detergents with improved shade consistency.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 2002Date of Patent: February 24, 2004Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationInventors: Gerhard Merkle, Jürgen Kaschig, Josef Zelger, Serge Schroeder
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Patent number: 6482791Abstract: The present invention provides a bleach cleaner composition which exhibits excellent bleach cleaning power to the fungi on resin parts and yet ensures excellent storage stability of a hypochlorite at a high temperature. The bleach cleaner composition is a liquid bleach cleaner composition containing (a) an alkali metal salt of hypochlorous acid, (b) a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant having a C8-10 long chain alkyl, (c) at least one selected from cumenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, and alkali metal salts thereof, (d) an alkali metal hydroxide and and water. It may further comprise (e) an amphoteric surfactant.Type: GrantFiled: January 31, 2002Date of Patent: November 19, 2002Assignee: Kao CorporationInventors: Yutaka Sano, Hiroyuki Yamada, Kazunori Tsukuda
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Patent number: 6420330Abstract: A process for destroying or preventing the proliferation of microorganisms involving contacting the microorganisms with a quaternary carboxylic acid alkanolamine ester salt corresponding to formula I: wherein R1CO is an acyl group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, R2 and R3, independently of one another, represent an alkyl group containing from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or a group corresponding to CH2CH2OR5, R4 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R5 is hydrogen and/or R1CO, and X is an anion; is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 28, 2000Date of Patent: July 16, 2002Assignee: Cognis Deutschland GmbHInventors: Norbert Stelter, Guenter Uphues
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Patent number: 6413921Abstract: The present invention provides an antimicrobial composition for disinfection of a skin surface in preparation for surgery. The antimicrobial composition comprises parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) and an anionic surfactant composition which exhibits both a high degree of antimicrobial efficacy and low skin irritability properties. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises an anionic surfactant composition comprising a surfactant having a hydrophobic portion consisting of a linear alkyl and a hydrophilic portion having ethoxylation termination with a sulfonate anionic group, and a sarcosine surfactant. A preferred surfactant composition further comprises a foaming anionic surfactant, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. The antimicrobial composition can be used in skin disinfecting formulations, such as scrub formulations and pre-operative skin disinfecting formulations. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 3.3% parachlorometaxylenol.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 2000Date of Patent: July 2, 2002Assignee: Allegiance CorporationInventors: David Childers, David Jeng
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Patent number: 6391838Abstract: The cleaning performance of bleach-containing detergents, especially against protein- and starch-containing soils and colored soils, was to be improved.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 2000Date of Patent: May 21, 2002Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Horst-Dieter Speckmann, Joerg Poethkow
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Patent number: 6323172Abstract: Principal solvents, especially mono-ol and diol principal solvents, having a ClogP of from about 0.15 to about 0.64, preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.62, and more preferably from about 0.40 to about 0.60, are disclosed that have the ability to make clear aqueous fabric softener compositions containing relatively high concentrations of fabric softener actives having ester linkages in their long, hydrophobic chains. The fabric softener actives are either unsaturated, or have intermediate length chains (˜C12-14) and the said principal solvents are used at levels of less than about 40%. Other solvents may be present. Some of the said principal solvents are novel compounds and/or novel mixtures. Premixes of the fabric softening actives, the principal solvents, and, optionally, other solvents are useful in the preparation of complete formulations by obviating/limiting the need for heating.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1998Date of Patent: November 27, 2001Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Toan Trinh, Helen Bernardo Tordil, Errol Hoffman Wahl, Jennifer Lea Rinker, Hugo Jean Marie Demeyere, Marc Johan Declercq, Eugene Paul Gosselink, James Carey Letton, Deborah Jean Back, John Cort Severns, Mark Robert Sivik, Alice Marie Vogel
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Publication number: 20010006937Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of an aqueous fabric softening composition comprising;Type: ApplicationFiled: December 20, 2000Publication date: July 5, 2001Inventors: Ian David Charlton, David Stephen Grainger, Mansur Sultan Mohammadi, Prabhat Sakya
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Publication number: 20010004635Abstract: Fabric softener compounds having the formula: [RC(O)]nN+(R1)mX−wherein each R in a compound is a C6-C22 hydrocarbyl group, preferably having an IV from about 70 to about 140 based upon the IV of the equivalent fatty acid, n is a number from 1 to three on the weight average in any mixture of compounds, each R1 in a compound is a C1-3 alkyl or hydroxy alkyl group, the total of n and the number of R1 groups that are hydroxyethyl groups equaling 3, n+m−4 and X is a softener compatible anion, preferably methyl sulfate, the compound or mixtures of such compounds, having (a) either a Hunter “L” transmission of at least about 85, typically from about 85 to about 95, preferably from about 90 to about 95, more preferably about 95, if possible, (b) only non-detectable levels, at the conditions of use, of odorous compounds selected from the group consisting of: isopropyl acetate, which should be less than about 5, preferably less than about 3, and more preferably less than abouType: ApplicationFiled: November 18, 1999Publication date: June 21, 2001Inventors: ERROL HOFFMAN WAHL, TOAN TRINH, EUGENE ROBERT CARR, JAMES J. MACDONALD, ZAIYOU LIU, ALEX HAEJOON CHUNG
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Patent number: 6165973Abstract: A fluorescent whitening agent comprising a mixture of compounds of the formulae Ia, Ib and Ic: ##STR1## in which the --SO.sub.3 R groups are in the meta and/or para position, and wherein R and M, independently of each other are H, Na, Li, K, Ca, Mg, ammonium, or ammonium that is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl or a mixture thereof, a process for its preparation and its use to brighten paper and especially textile materials.Type: GrantFiled: January 28, 2000Date of Patent: December 26, 2000Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationInventor: Richard Leon Baker
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Patent number: 6110520Abstract: A process for producing high yields of .gamma.-hexalactone and 2-pentanone from the corresponding hexanoic acid starting material is carried out with high amounts of oxygen and sugar in the presence of a mold microorganism. Fragrance compositions and foodstuff compositions are augmented and enhanced by the presence of the product compounds.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 1999Date of Patent: August 29, 2000Assignee: International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.Inventors: Fenjin He, Mohamad I. Farbood, Laura E. Kizer
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Patent number: 6015504Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds which are useful as ultraviolet absorbing agents (UVAs) and as fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), and to a method of improving the sun protection factor (SPF) of textile fiber material, especially cotton, polyamide and wool, treated with the new compounds and with certain known compounds.Type: GrantFiled: January 26, 1998Date of Patent: January 18, 2000Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationInventors: Dieter Reinehr, Claude Eckhardt, Robert Hochberg, Werner Kaufmann, Georges Metzger
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Patent number: 5962402Abstract: The present invention relates to a dryer-added fabric treatment article of manufacturing to reduce the fading of fabrics from sunlight comprising:I. a composition comprising:A. from about 5% to about 75%, by weight of the composition, of a sun-fade protection active selected from the group consisting of:i. a non-fabric staining, light stable, antioxidant compound preferably containing at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 hydrocarbon fatty organic moiety;ii. a non-fabric staining, light stable, sunscreen compound; andiii. mixtures thereof;B. from about 10% to about 95% by weight of the composition of a fabric conditioning compound; andII. a substrate, on which said composition is attached, which provides for release of an effective amount of said sun-fade protection active and said fabric conditioning compound onto fabrics in an automatic laundry dryer at automatic laundry dryer operating temperatures;wherein said antioxidant compound is a solid having a melting point of less than about 80.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1998Date of Patent: October 5, 1999Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventor: John Cort Severns
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Patent number: 5767062Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes which incorporate water-soluble polymers, other than enzymes, containing .dbd.N--C(.dbd.O)-- (including PVP) and/or N-oxide groups into the wash, rinse, and/or drying cycle of a laundering process (e.g., via fabric softening compositions) for dye transfer inhibition in the subsequent wash cycle. Multiple wash cycles optimize the dye transfer inhibitor performance of these polymers, remove unwanted dye discoloration caused by dye transfer, and provide soil antiredeposition benefits.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 1997Date of Patent: June 16, 1998Assignee: The Procter & Gamble CompanyInventors: Toan Trinh, Stephanie Lin-Lin Sung, Helen Bernardo Tordil, Paul Arthur Wendland
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Patent number: 5750492Abstract: Cationic surfactant compound comprising, in the form of a quaternary ammonium salt, a product of condensation between, on the one hand a fraction of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, or of derivatives of said acids chosen from the group comprising esters, anhydrides and acid chlorides, and on the other hand at least one tertiary amine, characterized in that, in combination:the alkyl chains of the tertiary amine together contain from 4 to 12 carbon atomsthe alkyl chains of the tertiary amine together contain from 1 to 4 functions each chosen from the group comprising hydroxyl and amine functionsthe fatty acids fraction/tertiary amine mole ratio is between 1.85 and 1.40the fatty acids each possess a hydrocarbon chain in which the number of carbon atoms is between 5 and 23.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1997Date of Patent: May 12, 1998Assignee: Stepan EuropeInventors: Jean-Pierre Contet, Stephane Courdavault Duprat, Yvan Storet, Jean-Francois Vindret
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Patent number: 5723428Abstract: Particulate high bulk density non-spray-dried detergent compositions containing organic non-soap surfactant, zeolite builder and fatty acid soap as powder structurant, prepared by non-tower mixing and granulation processes involving in-situ neutralization of fatty acid to soap with aqueous sodium hydroxide, can suffer from localized particle yellowing on storage when perfume and/or fluorescer are present, due to the presence of areas of high alkalinity. Yellowing is reduced without loss of powder structuring if a defined, less than stoichiometric amount of sodium hydroxide is used for the fatty acid neutralization. Surprisingly, in bleaching powders improved bleach stability is also observed. The resulting powder can be defined in terms of a low "basic sodium" content.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 1996Date of Patent: March 3, 1998Assignee: Lever Brothers CompanyInventors: Jelles Vincent Boskamp, Timothy Richard Bundy, Marilena Coruzzi, Pauline Farnworth, Mark Phillip Houghton, Christophe Joyeux, Peter Cory Knight, Leandre Naddeo, Alistair Richard Sanderson
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Patent number: 5688758Abstract: There is provided a stable, concentrated fabric rinse composition comprising 0.3 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight of a fluorescent whitening agent which is compatible with a fabric care ingredient, preferably a cationic, amphoteric or anionic fluorescent whitening agent, based on the total weight of the composition, and optionally a fabric care ingredient, preferably a fabric softener, a stain release or stain repellant ingredient or a water-proofing agent, the remainder being substantially water. The fabric rinse composition is preferably a fabric softener composition comprising 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of a cationic fabric softening agent and 0.3 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 3% by weight of a cationic, amphoteric or anionic fluorescent whitening agent, each based on the total weight of the composition, the remainder being substantially water.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 1996Date of Patent: November 18, 1997Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationInventors: Dieter Reinehr, Claude Eckhardt
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Patent number: 5635462Abstract: A cleansing composition includes a substituted phenol such as para-chloro-meta-xylenol, and at least one primary surfactant selected from the group consisting of amine oxides, phospholipids, partially neutralized carboxylic acids and diacids, betaines, ethoxylated methyglucosides, and mixtures thereof. The composition is devoid of conventional anionic and nonionic surfactants. Other additives such as viscosifiers or thickeners, emollients, fragrances, perfumes, coloring agents, and the like may also be added. The cleansing composition has been found to exhibit improved antibacterial properties while remaining mild on the skin.Type: GrantFiled: October 30, 1995Date of Patent: June 3, 1997Assignee: GOJO Industries, Inc.Inventors: Eleanor J. Fendler, Ronald A. Williams, Demetrius A. Comes
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Patent number: 5534487Abstract: The present invention provides a method of stabilizing solutions of 3-isothiazolone compounds using a stabilizing compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; and compositions which comprise 3-isothiazolone compound, solvent and stabilizing compound.Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 1995Date of Patent: July 9, 1996Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventor: Kevin F. Gironda