Abstract: The present invention is directed to treatment methods for a disease or condition, in a subject in need of such treatment, that provide alternatives to treatment by injection that give, relative to treatment by injection, improved treatment outcomes, 100% treatment compliance, reduced side effects, and rapid establishment and/or termination of substantial steady-state drug delivery. The method typically includes providing continuous delivery of a drug from an implanted osmotic delivery device, wherein substantial steady-state delivery of the drug at therapeutic concentrations is typically achieved within about 7 days or less after implantation of the osmotic delivery device in the subject and the substantial steady-state delivery of the drug from the osmotic delivery device is continuous over a period of at least about 3 months. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using incretin mimetics.

Abstract: The invention provides conjugates that comprise a targeting moiety, a nucleic acid, and optional linking groups as well as synthetic intermediates and synthetic methods useful for preparing the conjugates. The conjugates are useful to target therapeutic nucleic acids to the liver and to treat liver diseases including hepatitis (e.g. hepatitis B and hepatitis D).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate complexes (“ASI”) with the addition of free inositol (“I”) to form a composition ASI+I for improving cognitive functioning in humans, particularly video game players.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to treatment methods for a disease or condition, in a subject in need of such treatment, that provide alternatives to treatment by injection that give, relative to treatment by injection, improved treatment outcomes, 100% treatment compliance, reduced side effects, and rapid establishment and/or termination of substantial steady-state drug delivery. The method typically includes providing continuous delivery of a drug from an implanted osmotic delivery device, wherein substantial steady-state delivery of the drug at therapeutic concentrations is typically achieved within about 7 days or less after implantation of the osmotic delivery device in the subject and the substantial steady-state delivery of the drug from the osmotic delivery device is continuous over a period of at least about 3 months. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using incretin mimetics.

Abstract: The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides Tmax value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a Tmax substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

Abstract: The invention provides for preparing a polymer-active agent conjugate, the method comprising the steps of reacting an amino acid derivative with a biologically active agent under conditions to form a polymer-active agent conjugate.

Abstract: The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides Tmax value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a Tmax substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to therapeutic compositions comprising substituted imidazoliums having multiple acidic groups. The compounds may be used to treat diseases or conditions such as those associated with bone, cancer, or pain. Compositions, dosage forms, methods of treating diseases or conditions, methods of preparation, and other related embodiments related to the substituted imidazoliums are also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition, in particular a cosmetic composition, comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least glyceryl caprylate, 1,3-propanediol and phytic acid or any of the salts thereof, said composition being free from perlite. The present invention further relates to a composition, in particular a cosmetic composition, comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, at least glyceryl caprylate, 1,3-propanediol and phytic acid or any of the salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation suitable for filling softgel capsules comprising: (a) from about 1% to about 90% by weight of a bisphosphonic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; (b) from 1% to about 99% by weight of lycopene and (c) from about 40% to about 80% by weight of a liquid carrier comprising 50% to 80% by weight polyethylene glycol; 5% to 15% by weight of glycerin; and 5% to 20% by weight water. The invention also describes a method for preparing alendronate or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts in encapsulated therapeutic dosage form in combination with lycopene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and oral dosage forms comprising a bisphosphonate in combination with an enhancer to enhance intestinal delivery of the bisphosphonate to the underlying circulation. Preferably, the enhancer is a medium chain fatty acid or a medium chain fatty acid derivative having a carbon chain length of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and the solid oral dosage form is a controlled release dosage form such as a delayed release dosage form.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to therapeutic compositions comprising substituted imidazoliums having multiple acidic groups. The compounds may be used to treat diseases or conditions such as those associated with bone, cancer, or pain. Compositions, dosage forms, methods of treating diseases or conditions, methods of preparation, and other related embodiments related to the substituted imidazoliums are also described herein.

Abstract: Inositol trisphosphate (ITPP) causes normalization of tumor vasculature and is a particularly effective cancer therapy when a second chemotherapeutic agent is administered following partial vascularization. ITPP also treats, alone or in combination, multi-drug resistant cancers. ITPP can also be used to reduce the amount of a second chemotherapeutic drug required for anticancer activity. In addition, ITPP enhances immune response and treats hyperproliferative disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of identifying subjects with osteoporosis or osteopenia, subjects at risk for developing osteoporosis, osteopenia, and bone fractures, methods of evaluating the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments in subjects with osteoporosis or osteopenia, and methods of selecting therapies for treating osteoporosis or osteopenia, using biomarkers.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating tuberculotic diseases with no side effect/low side effect is provided by the present invention, which pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more compounds chosen from isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, and pharmaceutically effective amount of substances which can reduce the side effect of the antituberculosis agents.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of treating, reducing the occurrence of, or improving the symptoms associated with a skin condition by topical application of a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein said skin condition is selected from the group consisting of melanogenesis, oxidative damage, inflammation, skin irritation from inflammation, loss of cell adhesion, loss of desquamation, extra-cellular including connective tissue matrix breakdown and skin tone loss thereof, loss of keratinization, cellular senescence, skin aging from cellular senescence, loss of skin whiteness, loss of skin barrier function, loss of skin firmness, rosacea, skin wrinkles and fine lines from cellular senescence, cellular oxidation, loss of skin collagen, topical wounds, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to an immunogenic composition that includes a mutant Clostridium difficile toxin A and/or a mutant Clostridium difficile toxin B. Each mutant toxin includes a glucosyltransferase domain having at least one mutation and a cysteine protease domain having at least one mutation, relative to the corresponding wild-type C. difficile toxin. The mutant toxins may further include at least one amino acid that is chemically crosslinked. In another aspect, the invention relates to antibodies or binding fragments thereof that binds to said immunogenic compositions. In further aspects, the invention relates to isolated nucleotide sequences that encode any of the foregoing, and methods of use of any of the foregoing compositions.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions and kits comprising a ?2-AR agonist and a modulator of a ?2-AR regulator gene, where the modulator of the ?2-AR regulator gene inhibits the internalization and/or degradation of the ?2-ad-renergic receptor (?2-AR). More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of an agonist of ?2-adrenergic receptor (?2-AR) and an agent which inhibits agonist induced ?2-adrenergic receptor (?2-AR) internalization and/or degradation in method for the treatment of a respiratory disorder in a subject.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for ameliorating the pathophysiology cysteine protease exotoxin comprising the step of administering to said individual an effective dose of an S-nitrosylating agent and an inositol phosphate or analog thereof.

Abstract: This application discloses compositions containing synthetic threitol phosphates, in particular threitol monophosphate, threitol-bis-phosphate, threitol diphosphate, and/or threitol triphosphate. The threitol phosphates are useful in treating wounds, for cosmetic applications, and for bone and periodontal regeneration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pre-formulations comprising low viscosity, non-liquid crystalline, mixtures of: a) at least one neutral diacyl lipid and/or at least one tocopherol; b) at least one phospholipid; c) at least one biocompatible, oxygen containing, low viscosity organic solvent; wherein at least one opioid bioactive agent is dissolved or dispersed in the low viscosity mixture and wherein the pre-formulation forms, or is capable of forming, at least one liquid crystalline phase structure upon contact with an aqueous fluid. The preformulations are suitable for generating parenteral, non-parenteral and topical depot compositions for sustained release of active agents. The invention additionally relates to a method of delivery of an active agent comprising administration of a preformulation of the invention, a method of treatment comprising administration of a preformulation of the invention and the use of a preformulation of the invention in a method for the manufacture of a medicament.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pre-formulations comprising low viscosity, non-liquid crystalline, mixtures of: a) at least one neutral diacyl lipid and/or at least one tocopherol; b) at least one phospholipid; c) at least one biocompatible, oxygen containing, low viscosity organic solvent; wherein at least one bioactive agent is dissolved or dispersed in the low viscosity mixture and wherein the pre-formulation forms, or is capable of forming, at least one liquid crystalline phase structure upon contact with an aqueous fluid. The preformulations are suitable for generating parenteral, non-parenteral and topical depot compositions for sustained release of active agents. The invention additionally relates to a method of delivery of an active agent comprising administration of a preformulation of the invention, a method of treatment comprising administration of a preformulation of the invention and the use of a preformulation of the invention in a method for the manufacture of a medicament.

Abstract: A pantethine phosphate ester represented by the following formula (1) or formula (2) exhibits superior tyrosinase inhibitory effect and melanin production inhibitory effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention, relates to methods including compounds, derivatives, antibodies, interfering RNA, biologies, polypeptides, dominant negative effectors, and their use in the treatment of neuropathic pain by inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. In another embodiment, this invention relates to inhibitors, antagonists, and agonists of TRPC4. TRPC4 therapeutic agents and modulators include but are not limited to small molecule inhibitors, compounds, amino acid derivatives, polypeptides, RNA interference agents, natural chemicals, ligand derivatives, and ions. TRPC4 therapeutic agents and modulators are developed for the treatment of neuropathic pain, including but not limited to pain sensations such as nociception, hyperalgesia, allodynia, and loss of sensory function.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the instillation of lipid vehicles comprised of liposomes containing sphingomyelin or sphingomyelin metabolites to prevent, manage, ameliorate and/or treat disorders involving neuropathic pain and aberrant muscle contractions, such as what occurs in bladder hyperactivity disorders such as interstitial cystitis (IC) in animals or humans in need thereof. Also provided is a liposome-based delivery of drugs, e.g., antibiotics, pain treatments and anticancer agents, to the bladder, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal system, pulmonary system and other organs or body systems. In particular, liposome-based delivery of vanilloid compounds, such as resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, or tinyatoxin and toxins, such as botulinum toxin is provided for the treatment of bladder conditions, including pain, inflammation, incontinence and voiding dysfunction.

Abstract: The present invention comprises compounds, compositions thereof, and methods capable of delivering modified inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) comprising an internal pyrophosphate ring to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compounds, compositions thereof, and methods that enhance the ability of mammalian red blood cells to deliver oxygen, by delivering IHP to the cytoplasm of the red blood cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel active compound combinations comprising, firstly, at least one known compound of the formula (I) in which R1 and A have the meanings given in the description and, secondly, at least one further known active compound from the class of the organophosphates or carbamates, which combinations are highly suitable for controlling animal pests such as insects and unwanted acarids.

Abstract: Inositol trisphosphate (ITPP) causes normalization of tumor vasculature and is a particularly effective cancer therapy when a second chemotherapeutic agent is administered following partial vascularization. ITPP also treats, alone or in combination, multi-drug resistant cancers. ITPP can also be used to reduce the amount of a second chemotherapeutic drug required for anticancer activity. In addition, ITPP enhances immune response and treats hyperproliferative disorders.

Abstract: A composition and method for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, and/or related protein aggregation diseases and/or amyloidoses and/or a neuro-degenerative disease, and/or Parkinson's Disease and/or Parkinsonism including an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate), a phytate salt, an isomer or hydrolysate of phytic acid or a phytate salt, or a mixture of any combination thereof, being administered to a person in an amount from about 0.5 grams to about 18.75 grams at least once a week up to once per day, with or without a dephosphorylating enzyme. The dosage may be proportionately or disproportionately divided so that the dosage is administered in proportionally or disproportionately reduced amounts which cumulatively add up to a predetermined dosage, in a time period where the proportionately or disproportionately divided dosages are cumulatively equivalent in quantity to the dosage.

Abstract: The present invention comprises compounds, compositions thereof, and methods capable of delivering modified inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) comprising an internal pyrophosphate ring to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compounds, compositions thereof, and methods that enhance the ability of mammalian red blood cells to deliver oxygen, by delivering IHP to the cytoplasm of the red blood cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable pharmaceutical compositions comprised of atorvastatin and sodium bicarbonate or L-arginine. The compositions are prepared as bulk drug compositions and also as oral dosage units, such as tablets or capsules. The compositions are useful for preparation of monolithic and bi-layer tablets containing atorvastatin as the only active agent or combined with one or more additional active agents. The compositions are useful for treating hypercholesterolemia and related conditions.

Abstract: A composition and method for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related amyloid plaque development and reduction of amyloid plaque, amyloidosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as neuro-degenerative diseases and protein aggregation diseases, includes an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate), a phytate salt, an isomer or hydrolysate of phytic acid or a phytate salt, or a mixture of any combination thereof, being administered to a person in an amount from about 0.5 grams to about 18.75 grams per day, with or without a dephosphorylating enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of treating diseases and disorders related to immune responses by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds. In particular, the invention is directed to methods of stimulating and reducing immune responses, therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of cancer, treating autoimmune conditions, treating allergic reactions and asthma, and preventing ischemic damage and asthma by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of D-chiroinositol or a phosphate thereof in combination with folate for the reduction or prevention of congenital deformations such as anorectal malformations, neural tube defects, cleft-lip, cleft palate, and other birth defects. The invention further relates to the use of D-chiroinositol or a phosphate thereof in quieting or preventing the sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogenic, progestogenic, and or anti-androgenic insult, whether from environmental, dietary, or medicinal sources. Co-therapies as well as combination products of D-chiro-inositol (or a phosphate thereof) with at least one of (a) a folate source and (b) one or more of an estrogenic substance, a progestogenic substance, and/or an antiandrogenic substance are also claimed.

Abstract: The invention provides novel methods for preparing cardiolipin and cardiolipin analogs having varying fatty acid chain lengths, particularly 1,1?,2,2?-tetramyristoyl cardiolipin. The methods comprise reacting a starting compound, such as a 1,2-O-sn-diacylglycerol and a 2-protected glycerol, with a phosphoramidite reagent to produce a protected cardiolipin, which is deprotected to prepare cardiolipin. The cardiolipin and cardiolipin analogs may be prepared in the presence of an activator, such as pyridinium trifluororacetate. The methods of the present invention are used to prepare cardiolipin and cardiolipin analogs in large quantities. The cardiolipin prepared by the present methods can be incorporated into liposomes which can also include active agents such as hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs. Such liposomes can be used to treat diseases or in diagnostic and/or analytical assays.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of treating diseases and disorders related to immune responses by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds. In particular, the invention is directed to methods of stimulating and reducing immune responses, treating autoimmune conditions, treating allergic reactions and asthma, and preventing ischemic damage and asthma by administering one or more immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: This invention features conjugates, degradable linkers, compositions, methods of synthesis, and applications thereof, including cholesterol derived conjugates of biologically active compounds, including antibodies, antivirals, chemotherapeutics, peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleosides, nucleotides, non-nucleosides, and nucleic acids including enzymatic nucleic acids, DNAzymes, allozymes, antisense, dsRNA, siNA, siRNA, triplex oligonucleotides, 2,5-A chimeras, decoys and aptamers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, as well as to compositions, methods and kits comprising such compounds, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, Gulf War syndrome and related conditions, wherein the compound is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor and/or a carbohydrate oxidation activator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor and of a farnesyl-pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor, or of one of their associated physiologically acceptable salts, in the preparation of a composition, particularly a pharmaceutical composition, for use in the treatment of human or animal, pathological or nonpathological situations related to the accumulation and/or the persistence of prenylated proteins in cells, such as during progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome), restrictive dermopathy or physiological aging.

Abstract: The invention involves sustained-release pharmaceutical compositions containing a water-soluble ionic small molecule pharmaceutical agent complexed with an oppositely charged surfactant, particularly a natural bile surfactant. The complexes are sustained-release ionic complexes. The complexes release the ionic pharmaceutical agents into aqueous solution slowly and with zero-order kinetics. Thus, they can be formulated into sustained-release pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The present invention features compositions, methods, and kits useful in the treatment of viral diseases. In certain embodiments, the viral disease is caused by a single stranded RNA virus, a flaviviridae virus, or a hepatic virus. In particular embodiments, the viral disease is viral hepatitis (e.g., hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E).

Abstract: A method for prognosing osteoporosis phenotypes or estimating osteoporosis quantitative traits comprising determining outcomes for selected SNP variables and clinical variables. Products and methods for genotyping multiple osteoporosis associated genetic variations.

Abstract: Subcutaneous implants obtained by extrusion containing an active ingredient dispersed in a PLGA matrix obtained by grinding an extruded product consisting of a blend of: at least two PLGA having different lactic acid/glycolic acid molar ratios and different weight average molecular weights, or a PLGA and PLA having different weight average molecular weight.

Abstract: Provided is a solid dispersion comprising vitamin D or a derivative thereof and a cyclodextrin; a complex formulation for the prevention or treatment of osteophorosis, which includes the solid dispersion and a bisphosphonate; and a method for preparing said complex formulation. The complex formulation can maintain a constant therapeutic level of vitamin D or a derivative thereof through its improved drug stability, while enhancing the patient compliance by minimizing inconvenience and adverse effects when administered to patients.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of administering by a pulmonary route a bisphosphonate active agent in combination with a pyrazolone derivative to a subject. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions for use in practicing methods according to embodiments of the invention. The methods and compositions according to embodiments of the invention find use in a variety of different applications, including but not limited to, the treatment of bone absorption disease conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid oral dosage form comprising a pharmaceutically active ingredient in combination with an enhancer which enhances the bioavailability and/or the absorption of the active ingredient. Accordingly, a solid oral dosage form comprises a drug and an enhancer wherein the enhancer is a medium chain fatty acid ester, ether or salt or a derivative of a medium chain fatty acid, which is, preferably, solid at room temperature and which has a carbon chain length of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, the solid oral dosage form is controlled release dosage form such as a delayed release dosage form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and oral dosage forms comprising a bisphosphonate in combination with an enhancer to enhance intestinal delivery of the bisphosphonate to the underlying circulation. Preferably, the enhancer is a medium chain fatty acid or a medium chain fatty acid derivative having a carbon chain length of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and the solid oral dosage form is a controlled release dosage form such as a delayed release dosage form.

Abstract: A novel method of treating endometriosis is disclosed. The method comprises administering to a female subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of particles comprising an agent capable of inhibiting phagocytic cells of the female subject.