Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of General Formula (I) below, among others. In the Formula, Ar1 is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; R1 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl, or heteroaryl group; R2 is an optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl, or heteroaryl group; and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group. A compound of the present invention has an excellent Weel kinase inhibiting effect, and is therefore useful in the filed of medicine, particularly in various types of cancer therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2?-Fluoro-6?-methylene carbocyclic nucleosides, pharmaceutical compositions containing these nucleosides and their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of a number of viral infections and secondary disease states and conditions thereof, especially including Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and secondary disease states and conditions thereof (cirrhosis and liver cancer), Heptatitis C virus (HCV), Herpes Simplex virus I and II (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and secondary cancers which occur thereof (lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, including drug resistant (especially including lamivudine and/or adefovir resistant) and other mutant forms of these viruses.

Abstract: CXCR3 agonists, including natural CXCR3 ligands, promote bone marrow regeneration, increase peripheral white blood cells, and increase survival if administered prior to treatment of a subject with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Similar effects are obtained by administering an CXCR3 antagonists following chemotherapy radiotherapy. Compositions and methods are presented for the treatment of cancer and bone marrow diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the identification of human DNA polymerase ? (pol ?) as the polymerase that mediates repair of DNA containing interstrand cros slinks (ICLs). The mechanism of action of a number of chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial agents is the induction of ICLs. Thus, provided herein is a method of enhancing the efficacy of a chemotherapeutic or antimicrobial agent in a subject, including selecting a subject in need of treatment with an ICL-inducing agent and administering to the subject an ICL-inducing agent and a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of pol ?. Subjects in need of treatment with an ICL-inducing agent, include, for example, subjects diagnosed with a hyperproliferative disease, an autoimmune disease or an infectious disease. Also provided is a composition for treating a hyperproliferative disease, an autoimmune disease or an infectious disease, comprising an ICL-inducing agent and an amount of an inhibitor of pol ? sufficient to enhance the efficacy of the ICL-inducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising an agent capable of activating CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and methotrexate, and methods of treatment and medical uses utilising the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides heteroaryl substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines and heteroaryl substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrimidines that modulate the activity of Janus kinases and are useful in the treatment of diseases related to activity of Janus kinases including, for example, immune-related diseases, skin disorders, myeloid proliferative disorders, cancer, and other diseases.

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating pathological conditions of ocular tissue by administering to subjects in need thereof therapeutically active complexes that include amphiphilic analogs of the therapeutically active agents. These complexes exhibit low water solubility and are isolated in either crystalline form, amorphous form, or a combination thereof, within a well-defined particle size range. Administration of such complexes of therapeutically active agents to ocular tissue results in extended release of the therapeutically active agent. Indeed, certain complexes persist for up to about 20-30 weeks or longer after intravitreal injection, thereby providing a sustained release of therapeutically active agent into the structures of the eye.

Abstract: The present invention relates to quinazolinone compounds, and methods of preparation of these compounds. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the quinazolinone compounds.

Abstract: Provided are compounds according to Formula (I): or stereoisomer, prodrug, polymorph, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, wherein X, Y, R1, R6, R7, and R8 are as defined, and which compounds are effective inhibitors of PI3-kinase and/or other medically and clinically relevant kinases. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds and compositions as PI3-kinase and kinase inhibitors. More particularly, the compounds of the invention provide treatments and therapeutics for human diseases regulated by, or associated with, the activity of, PI3-kinases and/or protein kinases, or mutant or variant forms thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of a general formula (I): wherein Ar1 is an optionally-substituted aryl or heteroaromatic group; R1 is an optionally-substituted lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or cyclo-lower alkyl group, or is an aryl, aralkyl or heteroaromatic group optionally having a substituent; R2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group or a lower alkynyl group, or is an aryl, aralkyl or heteroaromatic group optionally having a substituent; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R4 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group or a group of —N(R1k)R1m; T and U are a nitrogen atom or a methine group, etc. The compounds of the invention have excellent Weel kinase-inhibitory effect and are therefore useful in the field of medicines, especially treatment of various cancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of phosphorus derivatives. The phosphorus compounds can be used to treat cancer. The phosphorus compounds can also inhibit histone deacetylase and are suitable for use in selectively inducing terminal differentiation, and arresting cell growth and/or apoptosis of neoplastic cells, thereby inhibiting proliferation of such cells. Thus, the compounds of the present invention are useful in treating a patient having a tumor characterized by proliferation of neoplastic cells. The compounds of the invention may also be useful in the prevention and treatment of TRX-mediated diseases, such as autoimmune, allergic and inflammatory diseases, and in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods used in the identification of cancer patients likely or unlikely to respond to systemic chemotherapy, methods of treating cancer patients based upon the identification, and kits that facilitate the identification. The methods and kits involve detecting the expression of specific microRNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of diseases which involves cell proliferation, migration or apoptosis of myeloma cells, or angiogenesis. The invention also relates to a method for the treatment of said diseases, comprising co-administration of effective amounts of specific active compounds and/or co-treatment with radiation therapy, in a ratio which provides an additive and synergistic effect, and to the combined use of these specific compounds and/or radiotherapy for the manufacture of corresponding pharmaceutical combination preparations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods, kits and compositions for modulating the activity of Stat molecules (e.g., Stat1, Stat3 and Stat5). The compounds of the invention are useful for treating and/or preventing disorders characterized by Stat dysregulation, such as hyperproliferative disorders. Further, the compounds of the present invention are also useful in culturing stem cells and treating ischemic disorders.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the treatment, e.g. reduction, of body fat mass levels for example in overweight and obese subjects. The present disclosure also relates to weight control in a subject where obesity should be avoided. Disclosed herein are methods of reducing body fat mass e.g reducing obesity or preventing weight gain and agents used in such methods whereby the agents inhibit a sulphur containing amino acid. Also included in the present disclosure include, without being limited to, methods for determining regimes for the treatment of obesity as well as other subject matter.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for treating neurological autoimmune disorders in which the treatment method includes administering an immunoablative agent to eliminate most or essentially all maturing and mature elements of the immune system in an affected individual. Following this step, the individual is administered agents to reestablish the ablated immune system.

Abstract: Erastin analogs are useful in treating various cancers, particularly multiple myeloma. Erastin analogs are also useful in treating cancers that are resistant to other anticancer agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating subjects with an oxazaphosphorines, methods of identifying subjects that are suitable for oxazaphosphorine treatment, and systems for ensuring the safety and efficacy of a treatment that includes oxazaphosphorine administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of protecting patients and sensitizing cancer cells in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. More specifically, the invention provides nutritional methods and formulations that are capable of reducing cancer growth without causing chronic weight loss in patients, protecting normal cells, tissues and organs from chemotherapy and/radiation therapy, and sensitizing cancer cells against low, normal and high-dose chemotherapy. Some of the methods also impede cancer growth even without chemotherapy.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions of a natural cytokine mixture (NCM) for treating a cellular immunodeficiency characterized by T lymphocytopenia, one or more dendritic cell functional defects such as those associated with lymph node sinus histiocytosis, and/or one or more monocyte functional defects such as those associated with a negative skin test to NCM. The invention includes methods of treating these cellular immunodeficiencies using the NCM of the invention. The compositions and methods are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with cellular immunodeficiencies such as cancer. Also provided are compositions and methods for reversing tumor-induced immune suppression comprising a chemical inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The invention also provides a diagnostic skin test comprising NCM for predicting treatment outcome in cancer patients.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating colitis and other inflammatory bowel diseases, inter alia, indeterminate colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome and ischemic colitis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of alleviating and inhibiting a lymphoproliferative disorder in a mammal, the method comprising administering one or more rapamycin derivatives (including rapamycin) to the mammal. Further, the invention provides a method for identifying agents which are useful for alleviating and inhibiting a lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as a method for identifying agents which are capable of inhibiting metastasis of lymphatic tumors in a mammal.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns materials and methods for treating oncological disorders in a person or animal using any agent or compound that inhibits uptake of glucose into a cell. The subject invention also concerns methods for inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation or survival of a cell. In one embodiment, the methods comprise administering an effective amount of an agent or compound that inhibits the activity of one or more glucose transporter proteins, such as Glut-1. An antibody that binds to and inhibits a glucose transporter protein can be used in the present methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating subjects with an oxazaphosphorines, methods of identifying subjects that are suitable for oxazaphosphorine treatment, and systems for ensuring the safety and efficacy of a treatment that includes oxazaphosphorine administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 4,5-dihydromacbecin analogues to the formula (IA) or (IB), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt there of: wherein: R1 represents H or CONH2 that are useful, e.g. in the treatment of cancer, B-cell malignancies malaria, fungal infection, diseases of the central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases, diseases dependent on angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases and/or as a prophylactic pretreatment for cancer. The present invention also provides methods for the production of these compounds and their use in medicine, in particular in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer or B-cell malignancies.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of one or more cannabinoids, particularly THC and/or CBD in combination with a non-cannabinoid chemotherapeutic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of cancer. In particular the cancer to be treated is a brain tumour, more particularly a glioma, more particularly still a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The non-cannabinoid chemotherapeutic agent may be a selective estrogen receptor modulator or an alkylating agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating subjects with an oxazaphosphorines, methods of identifying subjects that are suitable for oxazaphosphorine treatment, and systems for ensuring the safety and efficacy of a treatment that includes oxazaphosphorine administration.

Abstract: Methods for treating cancer by using compound PM00104, in particular, for treating multiple myeloma are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions of a natural cytokine mixture (NCM) for treating a cellular immunodeficiency characterized by T lymphocytopenia, one or more dendritic cell functional defects such as those associated with lymph node sinus histiocytosis, and/or one or more monocyte functional defects such as those associated with a negative skin test to NCM. The invention includes methods of treating these cellular immunodeficiencies using the NCM of the invention. The compositions and methods are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with cellular immunodeficiencies such as cancer. Also provided are compositions and methods for reversing tumor-induced immune suppression comprising a chemical inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The invention also provides a diagnostic skin test comprising NCM for predicting treatment outcome in cancer patients.

Abstract: The present inventors demonstrate that the G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is highly expressed in human aggressive breast cancer cells, and that the expression level may be correlated with the invasiveness and metastatic potential of these cells (for example metastasis to bone). In various aspects of the invention there are disclosed diagnostic tools or biomarkers that relate to the metastatic profile of breast cancer tumours. The invention also relates to pharmacological agents targeting this receptor for the purposes of inhibiting progression and spread of breast cancer.

Abstract: The subject of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a sulfobetaine, a sulfobetaine for therapy, uses thereof and methods of treating cancer obesity, age related macular degeneration or neurodegenerative diseases comprising administering a composition comprising a sulfobetaine.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of racemic and optically active nucleoside analogs of formula (A) are described. These compounds are useful as anti-infective agents, antisense therapeutic agents and hybridization assay probes.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and pharmaceutical compositions for preventing or treating alopecia, such as chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprises an effective amount of a vitamin D compound in a formulation that topically delivers the vitamin D compound to the epidermis layer but substantially avoids the dermis layer. In chemotherapy patients, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be administered either before or concurrent with the chemotherapy medication.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent that modulates physiological condition of pests, wherein the agent has an ability to modulate the activity of an insect c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; a method for assaying pesticidal activity of a test substance, which comprises a step of measuring the activity of a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in a reaction system in which the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase contacts with a test substance, and the like.

Abstract: A compound of general Formula (I) having histone deacetylase (HDAC) and/or CDK inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method useful to treat diseases using the compound.

Abstract: Compounds of a certain formula I, in which Ra and Rb have the meanings indicated in the description, are novel effective compounds with anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing activity.

Abstract: The invention provides methods that relate to a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory diseases. In particular, the method comprises administration of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such compound admixed with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination which comprises (a) a DNA damaging agent; and (b) 4-methyl-3-[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]-N-[5-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide (“nilotinib”); a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a combination and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for simultaneous, separate or sequential use, in particular for the treatment chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); the use of such a combination for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of CLL; a commercial package or product comprising such a combination; and to a method of treatment of a warm-blooded animal, especially a human.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the inhibition of melanogenesis with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its use in treating melanotic cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of general Formula (I) having histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a method useful to treat diseases using the compound.

Abstract: A method of immunotherapy to treat cancer or a synergistic anti-cancer treatment by administering an effective amount of natural cytokine mixture (NCM), an effective amount of cyclophosphamide (CY), or an effective amount of indomethacin (INDO), wherein the NCM, CY, or INDO are administered singly or in communications thereof. An anti-metastatic treatment method by promoting differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells in a lymph node; allowing presentation thereof; and preventing development of metastasis. A method of using NCM as a diagnostic skin test for predicting treatment outcome. A method of pre-treating dendritic cells (DC) and a method of treating monocyte defects characterized by sinus histiocytosis or a negative NCM skin test. Compositions and method for eliciting an immune response to endogenous or exogenous tumor antigens.

Abstract: The invention provides for compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsitivity to cancer treatments and methods of treating cancer. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsitivity to chemotherapeutics, including platinum-based chemotherapeutics, to treat cancers such as ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the invention provides for compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsivity to salvage therapeutic agents. By predicting if an individual will or will not respond to platinum-based chemotherapeutics, a physician can reduce side effects and toxicity by administering a particular additional salvage therapeutic agent. This type of personalized medical treatment for ovarian cancer allows for more efficient treatment of individuals suffering from ovarian cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multimeric, non-coding nucleic acid molecule for modulating the activity of the human or animal immune system, and to a production method therefor, and to a vaccine containing said multimeric, non-coding nucleic acid molecule. Said multimeric, non-coding nucleic acid molecules can be non-coding nucleic acid molecules that consist of at least two of said molecules (dimer) or assemblies of several non-coding nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of a mammal with a pharmaceutical composition comprising an H2-blocker, at least one anti-inflammatory agent, a cytotoxic agent and, optionally, levamisole, a retinoid, an NFkB inhibitor, a redox quinone, an agent that enhances the intracellular accumulation of NADH+H+, a poly-alcohol, an inhibitor of pro-angiogenic growth factor(s) and an MMP inhibitor, such pharmaceutical composition allowing for the enhanced therapy and/or prevention of neoplastic diseases and disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new indazole inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of alleviating and inhibiting a lymphoproliferative disorder in a mammal, the method comprising administering one or more rapamycin derivatives (including rapamycin) to the mammal. Further, the invention provides a method for identifying agents which are useful for alleviating and inhibiting a lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as a method for identifying agents which are capable of inhibiting metastasis of lymphatic tumors in a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to osmium compounds of formula (I), their preparation and use in methods of treatment, particularly for cancer treatment.

Abstract: The application is based on the observation that tumor stem cell (TSC) replication involves a replicative intermediate configuration wherein a substantial fraction of the TSC genome is present as single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) when bell-shaped nuclei commence separation into two nuclei. During this replicative intermediate configuration large amounts of ssDNA are thus present in the nuclei of cells which the applicant proposes as target for anti-tumor therapy. A method of screening for anti-tumorigenic agents targeting ssDNA and use of such agents in therapy is claimed.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for predicting the responsiveness of a cancer to a chemotherapeutic agent using gene expression profiles. In particular, methods for predicting the responsiveness to 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, cytotoxan, docetaxol, etoposide, taxol, topotecan, PB kinase inhibitors and Src inhibitors are provided. Methods for developing treatment plans for individuals with cancer are also provided. Kits including gene chips and instructions for predicting responsiveness and computer readable media comprising responsivity information are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, and combination therapies for the treatment of cancers, including lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, lung cancer, and metastatic disease, are provided. Specifically, compositions comprising ligands to Pgrmc1 are disclosed for use in treating and inhibiting tumor growth and progression and inhibition of metastases. The compositions and methods using these ligands can be used alone or in combination with other reagents and cancer treatment modalities.