Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating TRPV1 activity-related or inflammation-related, diseases or conditions, containing a Maillard peptide separated from well-aged traditional soy sauce as an active ingredient. The Maillard peptide according to the present invention functions both as a TRPV1 agonist and a TRPV1 antagonist, and thus functions as a TRPV1 activity modulator. Therefore, the present Maillard peptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating TRPV1 activity-related diseases such as pain, neurological diseases, urgent defecation, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory diseases, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, neurogenic/allergic/inflammatory skin diseases, skin, eye or mucosal irritation, hyperacusis, tinnitus, vestibular hypersensitivity, heart disease, etc.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of treating diseases involving accumulation of A? plaques, including Alzheimer's Disease by the peripheral administration of soluble Nogo receptor polypeptides. The invention also provides methods of increasing the plasma to brain ratio of A? peptide and enhancing A? peptide clearance via peripheral administration of soluble Nogo receptor polypeptides. This invention also provides methods of improving memory function or inhibiting memory loss via the peripheral administration of soluble Nogo receptor polypeptides. The invention also provides methods of decreasing the size and number of A? plaques in a mammal via peripheral administration of soluble Nogo receptor polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a peptide derived from neurotensin receptor 3 (NTSR3), and to the use thereof in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The present invention particularly relates to the use of this peptide for producing a drug, such as an antidepressant. The peptide of the invention is characterized in that the sequence thereof is the attached SEQ ID No. 2. The present invention can be used in the fields of the pharmaceutical industry and particularly in the field of drug development for treating psychiatric diseases. The present invention can also be used in the development of a novel antidepressant. It can also be used for example, in the treatment of pain and inflammations.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides for augmenting the expression of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, comprising the same. The peptides can induce the expression of BDNF in dopamine-reactive human cells, pass easily through the blood-brain barrier thanks to their low molecular weights and are almost free of cytotoxicity. Thus, they are useful in the prevention and treatment of neuropathies such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods to confer protection on neurons. Peptides derived from the NAPVSIPQ (SEQ ID NO:4) peptide and including branched amino acids, such as alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, are included. Also included are methods of preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders and damage caused by neurotoxic substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the unexpected finding that vessels smaller than even the smallest arteries (i.e. arterioles) thicken, become dysfunctional and cause end organ damage to tissues as diverse as the brain and the kidney. Methods are provided to improve the structure and function of arterioles and to preserve the function of end organs such as the brain and kidney. In various embodiments the methods involve administering to a mammal in need thereof “D” or “L” class A amphipathic helical peptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders, comprising an ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) protein, or a fragment or a variant thereof as an active ingredient, which can increase the expression of neprilysin to remove amyloid-beta (A?), a cause of dementia, and is thus useful in preventing or treating a neurological disease including Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the MeCP2 protein and its use in protein substitution therapy. More specifically, the invention relates to condon-optimized nucleic acid sequences for the expression of MeCP2 proteins, methods for creating such a nucleic acid sequence and expressing such a protein, fusions of a protein of the invention to a transduction domain, and vectors and host cells comprising a protein of the invention. Further, the invention relates to uses of nucleic acids or proteins of the invention in medicine, pharmaceutical compositions comprising nucleic acid sequences and proteins of the invention, as well as methods for the treatment, prevention, and/or therapy of neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases including Rett syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed are the novel glycolipoprotein gintonin isolated and identified from ginseng, a method for preparing the same, and uses thereof. Gintonin causes a transient increase in intracellular free Ca2+ level, which in turn activates endogenous Ca2+-activated chloride channel to elevate intracellular calcium levels. Therefore, the novel glycolipoproteins are useful in the therapy and prophylaxis of calcium deficiency-associated diseases as well as effectively inducing calcium-dependent physiological activities, including adaptogenic activity, immunostimulatory activity, aphrodisiac activity, neuroprotection and neuroactivation, angiogenesis, and antidiabetic activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for reducing distress dysfunction, including emotional and physical distress. The invention entails co-administration of at least one Receptor Switcher and at least one Endorphin Enhancer. Additionally, at least one Synergistic Enhancer and/or at least one Exogenous Opioid are also administered to enhance or prolong the therapeutic effects.

Abstract: A method for delivering a biologic pharmaceutical, comprising: administering an effective amount of a biologic pharmaceutical to a patient in need thereof by perispinal injection, without direct intrathecal or direct epidural injection.

Abstract: The present invention concerns modulators of the CX3CR1 receptor. More specifically, antagonists and agonists of the CX3CR1 receptor have been identified. These antagonists and agonists can be used for treating an inflammatory disorder, an autoimmune disorder, a cardiovascular disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a graft versus host disease, a behavioral disorder, a cicatrisation disorder, a viral infection, cancer or pain. They may also be used as an adjuvant in a vaccine composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multimeric (e.g., dimeric, trimeric) forms of peptide vectors that are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or efficiently entering particular cell types. These multimeric peptide vectors, when conjugated to agents (e.g., therapeutic agents) are capable of transporting the agents across the BBB or into particular cell types. These compounds are therefore particularly useful in the treatment of neurological diseases.

Abstract: The invention includes compounds that are useful in treating perioperative shivering or temperature spiking, lowering body temperature, treating psychosis or treating pain. The invention also includes methods for treating perioperative shivering or temperature spiking, lowering body temperature, treating psychosis or treating pain in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Use of a GPR54 agonist or antagonist for the treatment of a disease or disorder presenting behavioral abnormalities associated with impairment of sensory gating function, and/or for treatment of depression, and/or for improving cognitive function is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for prevention and/or treatment of neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders involving abnormal D1-D2 dopamine receptor coupling and/or activation. Methods and agents are provided for modulating dopamine receptor function arising from D1-D2 coupling and/or activation. Agents of the present invention include fragments of D2 receptor or D1 receptor that can disrupt D1-D2 coupling.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of brain health, brain protection, maintenance of cognitive function, prevention of cognitive decline and cognitive disorders. Neuronal cells in the brain can be protected. Also cognitive performance can be increased.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel family of biologically active neuropeptides and the nucleic aid molecules coding for same. The peptides are derived for the C-terminus of the teneurin family peptides (Ten M1-4). These novel peptides, referred to as teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAPs) are active in neuronal communication and are implicated in a number of neuropathologies. They are particularly useful in modulating stress responses and anxiety and in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: S-protected cysteine analogs and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to structural studies of the insulin binding site of the insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). More particularly, the present invention relates to the crystal structure of the low affinity insulin binding site of the IR ectodomain comprising the C-terminal region of the IR ?-chain, as well as the corresponding region of IGF-1R, and to methods of using the crystal and related structural information to screen for and design compounds that interact with or modulate the function of IR and/or IGF-1R.

Abstract: S-t-butyl protected cysteine di-peptide analogs and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: The present invention provides novel tetrahydrocarbazole compounds according to formula (I) as ligands of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) which are useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of physiological and/or pathological conditions in mammals mediated by GPCR or of physiological and/or pathological conditions which can be treated by modulation of these receptors.

Abstract: Method for treatment and/or prophylaxis of schizophrenia and related psychoses of a human being, erythropoietin being administered to the human being.

Abstract: A method of determining the efficacy of secretin, neuropeptides, peptides, and/or digestive enzymes for treatment of an individual diagnosed with a pervasive development disorder, such as autism, where the individual has an abnormal fecal chymotrypsin level and exhibits a lack of protein digestion. A sample of feces is obtained from the individual in order to determine a quantitative level of chymotrypsin in the sample. The quantitative level of chymotrypsin is used to determine the efficacy of treating the individual with secretin, neuropeptides, peptides, and/or digestive enzymes. If it is determined, based on the individual's fecal chymotrypsin level, that the individual would benefit from the administration of secretin, neuropeptides, peptides, and/or digestive enzymes, then the amount necessary to effect a change in the individual's autistic behavior is determined by the individual's fecal chymotrypsin level, age and weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for inhibiting D2R-DISC1 interaction. Specifically, the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence KIYIVLRRRRKRVNT (SEQ ID NO: 1) or SEQ ID NO:5, a fragment thereof, or a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 5, or a fragment thereof, wherein the polypeptide is not a naturally occurring dopamine receptor. Also provided is a method of identifying an agent that inhibits the interaction of D2R with DISC1, a method of identifying an agent that binds to the polypeptide sequence defined by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 5, and a method of inhibiting D2R interaction with DISC1 in a mammal comprising administering an agent that inhibits the interaction of D2R with DISC1 to the mammal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying a TMEFF2 modulator, comprising (a) contacting a cell which expresses TMEFF2 with a candidate compound to be tested; (b) measuring whether said compound to be tested decreases or increases the level of a constituent of the cAMP signalling pathway, preferably the CRH signalling pathway, in said cell when compared to a corresponding cell which does not express TMEFF2; (b?) optionally determining whether said compound is capable of reduncing the binding between Activin and TMEFF2; and (c) identifying said modulator compound. Furthermore, a method for identifying a TMEFF2 modulator comprising determining whether said TMEFF2 modulator is capable of reducing the binding between Activin and TMEFF2 is contemplated. It also relates to uses and methods applying a TMEFF2 agonist for the treatment of Cushing's Syndromes and a TMEFF2 modulator for the treatment of affective disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of treating or effecting prophylaxis of a patient having or at risk of developing symptoms of anxiety in which an effective regime of an agent that inhibits specific binding of PSD95 to an NMDA receptor is administered to a patient.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are defined as set forth in the specification. The compounds are agonists of neurotrophin (such as nerve growth factor) receptors.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions comprising mGluR modulators and procysteine drugs. The methods and compositions can be used to treat subjects with prior addiction in order to reduce drug use, drug seeking or relapse.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and method of treating diseases or conditions mediated by neuropeptide Y-receptor binding. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y having proline substitution at position 34 and other substitution(s) as defined herein that selectively bind to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor subtype compared to the neuropeptide Y2 receptor subtype.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and method of treating diseases or conditions mediated by neuropeptide Y-receptor binding. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y having at least one unnatural amino acid substitution, such as 4Hyp at position 34, that selectively bind to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor subtype compared to the neuropeptide Y2 receptor subtype.

Abstract: A method of utilizing the chymotrypsin level of an individual as a measure of the success of secretin, other neuropeptides, and peptides or digestive enzyme administration to such individuals, and in particular, as a prognosticative of potential secretin, other neuropeptides, peptides, and digestive enzyme administration for persons having ADD, ADHD, Autism and other PDD related disorders. In one aspect, a method for determining the efficacy of secretin, other neuropeptides, peptides, or digestive enzymes for the treatment of an individual diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) comprises obtaining a sample of feces from an individual, determining a quantitative level of chymotrypsin present in the sample, and correlating the quantitative level of chymotrypsin determined to be present in the sample with the PDD to determine the efficacy of treating the individual with secretin, other neuropeptides, peptides, or digestive enzyme administration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peptide compounds which are effective in modulating one or more melanocortin receptor types, to the use of the compounds in therapy, to methods of treatment comprising administration of the compounds to patients in need thereof, and to the use of the compounds in the manufacture of medicaments. The compounds of the invention are of particular interest in relation to the treatment of obesity as well as a variety of diseases or conditions associated with obesity.

Abstract: Methods for treating obsessions and compulsions by local administration of a Clostridial toxin. The obsessions or compulsions can be eye poking, body rocking, finger biting, counting, checking and related disorders treated by low dose, intramuscular administration of a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an orally ingestible composition and a method for regulating an autonomic nervous activity. In particular, the present invention provides an orally ingestible composition capable of suppressing an increase in a sympathetic nervous activity, and an orally ingestible composition capable of promoting a parasympathetic nervous activity. The present invention is a composition for regulating an autonomic nervous activity, comprising, as an active ingredient, Tyr-Pro or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel family of biologically active neuropeptides and the nucleic aid molecules coding for same. The peptides are derived for the C-terminus of the teneurin family peptides (Ten M1-4). These novel peptides, referred to as teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAPs) are active in neuronal communication and are implicated in a number of neuropathologies. They are particularly useful in modulating stress responses and anxiety and in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and food products containing peptides derived from the ?s1-casein in milk and having benzodiazepine-type activity and particularly, anxiolytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of modulating, treating or effecting prophylaxis of a subject having anxiety or at risk of developing symptoms of anxiety, said method being characterized in that a therapeutically effective amount of a modulator of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans is administered to said subject.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pharmacologically active peptide conjugate having a reduced tendency towards enzymatic cleavage comprising a pharmacologically active peptide sequence (X) and a stabilising peptide sequence (Z) of 4-20 amino acid residues covalently bound to X.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an Engrailed transcription factor for producing a medicament for anxiolytic purposes.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement composition for treating nutritional deficiencies caused by a medical condition in subjects is disclosed. The present application further discloses a method of using a nutritional supplements composition for treating a subject with complications resulting from sickle cell anemia. The method comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of the nutritional supplement.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating psychiatric diseases and disorders are disclosed. The methods provided generally involve the administration of an amylin or an amylin agonist to a subject in order to treat psychiatric diseases and disorders, and conditions associated with psychiatric diseases and disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides targets, methods, and reagents for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia and related conditions. The invention provides methods for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and susceptibility to schizophrenia by detection of polymorphisms, mutations, variations, alterations in expression, etc., in calcineurin genes or calcineurin interacting genes, or polymorphisms linked to such genes. The invention provides oligonucleotides, arrays, and antibodies for detection of polymorphisms and variants. The invention provides transgenic mice having alterations in such genes. The invention also provides methods of treating schizophrenia by administering compounds that target these genes. The invention further provides screening methods for identifying such compounds and compounds obtained by performing the screens.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the detection and treatment of schizophrenia are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, in certain embodiments, is a method for treating an MIF-mediated disorder. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering an active agent that inhibits (i) MIF binding to CXCR2 and CXCR4 and/or (ii) MIF-activation of CXCR2 and CXCR4; (iii) the ability of MIF to form a homomultimer; or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A novel mammalian catecholamine-regulated protein called CRP40 is identified. This protein, and nucleic acid encoding same, is useful in methods of diagnosing and treating hypodopaminergic neurological disease, such as Parkinson's disease, multisystem atrophy, lewy body dementia, schizophrenia, and bipolar disease.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, in certain embodiments, are methods and compositions for treating inflammatory disorders. In some embodiments, the methods comprise co-administering synergistic combinations of modulators of inflammation.

Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof for preventing or ameliorating disorders of the nervous system. More specifically, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions, including phosphopeptides, that when administered disrupt TrkB-mediated activation of PLC?1 phosphorylation. The invention further provides method of treatment comprising administering inhibitors of TrkB-mediated activation of PLC?1 phosphorylation alone or in combination with other pharmaceutical compositions to prevent or ameliorate nervous system disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, anxiety, migraine, and pain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a peptide derived from neurotensin receptor 3 (NTSR3), and to the use thereof in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The present invention particularly relates to the use of this peptide for producing a drug, such as an antidepressant. The peptide of the invention is characterized in that the sequence thereof is the attached SEQ ID No. 2. The present invention can be used in the fields of the pharmaceutical industry and particularly in the field of drug development for treating psychiatric diseases. The present invention can also be used in the development of a novel antidepressant. It can also be used for example, in the treatment of pain and inflammations.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for diagnosing mental disorders (e.g., psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia). The invention also provides methods of identifying modulators of such mental disorders as well as methods of using these modulators to treat patients suffering from such mental disorders.