Abstract: The invention relates to methods for treating depression, anxiety, and other related diseases by administering a peptide NMDAR partial agonist.

Abstract: A method of desensitizing 5-HT2R signaling in the mammal is provided. The method comprises one or more of: 1) inhibiting CRFR1 activation of 5-HT2AR signaling by preventing trafficking of intracellular vesicles or blocking recycling of 5-HT2AR to the cell surface; 2) blocking PDZ binding motifs in the carboxyl-terminal tail domains of at least one of CRFR1, 5-HT2AR or 5-HT2CR; or 3) blocking the interaction of a 5-HT2R or a CRFR1 with a PDZ-domain-containing protein selected from the group consisting of MAGI-1 PDZ1, MAGI-2 PDZ1, MAGI-3 PDZ1, PSD95 PDZ 1&2, PSD95 PDZ3, CAL PDZ, SAP97 PDZ 1&2, PTPN13 PDZ 4&5, PDZK2 PDZ1, MPP3 PDZ, ERBIN PDZ and MUPP1 PDZ 12.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for treating depression, anxiety, and other related diseases by administering a peptide NMDAR partial agonist.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating psychiatric diseases and disorders are disclosed. The methods provided generally involve the administration of an NMX peptide, an FNX peptide, or an NMX receptor agonist, or analogs or derivatives thereof, to a subject in order to treat psychiatric diseases and disorders, and conditions associated with psychiatric diseases and disorders.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide antidepressants which are free from the problem of side effects and are excellent in safety. The present invention also aims to provide learning motivation improvers which are useful for improvement of learning motivation and can be ingested continuously. The present invention provides antidepressants and learning motivation improvers, each comprising a cyclic dipeptide with the 2,5-diketopiperazine structure as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present application relates to the treatment and diagnosis of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder, major depression disorder and schizophrenia. The invention provides novel diagnostic markers and assays, as well as research tools for the development and discovery of agents and compounds which are useful for treating patients who suffer from mental illness.

Abstract: Neurotrophin binding to its specific receptors Trk A and p75 leads to the activation of multiple signalling cascades, culminating in neuroprotective and regenerative effects, including neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth. Neurotrophic factors have been used for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, their use is limited by their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier, their short half life and their side effects. Small molecule neurotrophin mimetics may be beneficial in treating a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The present invention shows the capacity of nerve growth factor agonist molecules of Formulae I-IV, as defined in the specification, to induce differentiation in PC 12 cells, promote survival in RN22 cells and activate Trk A, IkBa and SAPK/JNK phosphorylation to various extents in both cell lines.

Abstract: Novel GLP-2 analogs with improved pharmacokinetic properties are described as well as their use in the treatment of disease.

Abstract: A first aspect of the invention is a compound (sometimes also referred to herein as an “active agent” or “active compound”) of Formula Ia, or more particularly Formula Ib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. Compositions thereof and methods of using the same (e.g. for the treatment of a neurological disease) are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel use of substance P. The substance P of the present invention exhibits effects of decreasing microglia activity, decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting apoptosis, etc. The substance P of the present invention effectively treats degenerative central nervous system diseases or disorders such as a spinal cord injury caused by a traumatic injury (flexion injury, vertical compression injury, hyperextension injury, flexion-rotation injury) and by a non-traumatic injury (vascular dysfunction, arthritis, or degenerative arthritis), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, depressive disorder, epilepsy, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a peptide derived from neurotensin receptor 3 (NTSR3), and to the use thereof in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The present invention particularly relates to the use of this peptide for producing a drug, such as an antidepressant. The peptide of the invention is characterized in that the sequence thereof is the attached SEQ ID No. 2. The present invention can be used in the fields of the pharmaceutical industry and particularly in the field of drug development for treating psychiatric diseases. The present invention can also be used in the development of a novel antidepressant. It can also be used for example, in the treatment of pain and inflammations.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods to confer protection on neurons. Peptides derived from the NAPVSIPQ (SEQ ID NO:4) peptide and including branched amino acids, such as alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, are included. Also included are methods of preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders and damage caused by neurotoxic substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders, comprising an ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) protein, or a fragment or a variant thereof as an active ingredient, which can increase the expression of neprilysin to remove amyloid-beta (A?), a cause of dementia, and is thus useful in preventing or treating a neurological disease including Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: A method for delivering a biologic pharmaceutical, comprising: administering an effective amount of a biologic pharmaceutical to a patient in need thereof by perispinal injection, without direct intrathecal or direct epidural injection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel transporter constructs of the generic formula (I) DlLLLxDm(LLLyDn)a and variants thereof. The present invention also refers to transporter cargo conjugate molecules, particularly of conjugates of the novel transporter constructs with a cargo moiety, e.g. proteins or peptides, nucleic acids, cytotoxic agents, organic molecules, etc. The present invention furthermore discloses (pharmaceutical) compositions comprising these conjugates and methods of treatment and uses involving such transporter constructs.

Abstract: The present invention provides for prevention and/or treatment of neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders involving abnormal D1-D2 dopamine receptor coupling and/or activation. Methods and agents are provided for modulating dopamine receptor function arising from D1-D2 coupling and/or activation. Agents of the present invention include fragments of D2 receptor or D1 receptor that can disrupt D1-D2 coupling.

Abstract: Use of a GPR54 agonist or antagonist for the treatment of a disease or disorder presenting behavioral abnormalities associated with impairment of sensory gating function, and/or for treatment of depression, and/or for improving cognitive function is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of brain health, brain protection, maintenance of cognitive function, prevention of cognitive decline and cognitive disorders. Neuronal cells in the brain can be protected. Also cognitive performance can be increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel tetrahydrocarbazole compounds according to formula (I) as ligands of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) which are useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of physiological and/or pathological conditions in mammals mediated by GPCR or of physiological and/or pathological conditions which can be treated by modulation of these receptors.

Abstract: S-t-butyl protected cysteine di-peptide analogs and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: S-protected cysteine analogs and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of Central Nervous System (CNS).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying a TMEFF2 modulator, comprising (a) contacting a cell which expresses TMEFF2 with a candidate compound to be tested; (b) measuring whether said compound to be tested decreases or increases the level of a constituent of the cAMP signalling pathway, preferably the CRH signalling pathway, in said cell when compared to a corresponding cell which does not express TMEFF2; (b?) optionally determining whether said compound is capable of reduncing the binding between Activin and TMEFF2; and (c) identifying said modulator compound. Furthermore, a method for identifying a TMEFF2 modulator comprising determining whether said TMEFF2 modulator is capable of reducing the binding between Activin and TMEFF2 is contemplated. It also relates to uses and methods applying a TMEFF2 agonist for the treatment of Cushing's Syndromes and a TMEFF2 modulator for the treatment of affective disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are defined as set forth in the specification. The compounds are agonists of neurotrophin (such as nerve growth factor) receptors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: TNF-? antagonists containing IGFBP5 protein, variants thereof, or fragments thereof; and the use of the TNF-? antagonists. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a polynucleotide encoding the protein, variants thereof, or fragments thereof; a vector containing the polynucleotide; a transformant containing the vector; and a method for screening a therapeutic agent for TNF-? overexpression-related diseases by checking whether the mutual reaction thereof is facilitated after treating with candidates to the cell expressing the IGFBP5 protein, variants thereof, or fragments thereof, and the TNER1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and method of treating diseases or conditions mediated by neuropeptide Y-receptor binding. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y having at least one unnatural amino acid substitution, such as 4Hyp at position 34, that selectively bind to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor subtype compared to the neuropeptide Y2 receptor subtype.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and method of treating diseases or conditions mediated by neuropeptide Y-receptor binding. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y having proline substitution at position 34 and other substitution(s) as defined herein that selectively bind to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor subtype compared to the neuropeptide Y2 receptor subtype.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel family of biologically active neuropeptides and the nucleic aid molecules coding for same. The peptides are derived for the C-terminus of the teneurin family peptides (Ten M1-4). These novel peptides, referred to as teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAPs) are active in neuronal communication and are implicated in a number of neuropathologies. They are particularly useful in modulating stress responses and anxiety and in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pharmacologically active peptide conjugate having a reduced tendency towards enzymatic cleavage comprising a pharmacologically active peptide sequence (X) and a stabilising peptide sequence (Z) of 4-20 amino acid residues covalently bound to X.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating psychiatric diseases and disorders are disclosed. The methods provided generally involve the administration of an amylin or an amylin agonist to a subject in order to treat psychiatric diseases and disorders, and conditions associated with psychiatric diseases and disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a peptide derived from neurotensin receptor 3 (NTSR3), and to the use thereof in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The present invention particularly relates to the use of this peptide for producing a drug, such as an antidepressant. The peptide of the invention is characterized in that the sequence thereof is the attached SEQ ID No. 2. The present invention can be used in the fields of the pharmaceutical industry and particularly in the field of drug development for treating psychiatric diseases. The present invention can also be used in the development of a novel antidepressant. It can also be used for example, in the treatment of pain and inflammations.

Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof for preventing or ameliorating disorders of the nervous system. More specifically, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions, including phosphopeptides, that when administered disrupt TrkB-mediated activation of PLC?1 phosphorylation. The invention further provides method of treatment comprising administering inhibitors of TrkB-mediated activation of PLC?1 phosphorylation alone or in combination with other pharmaceutical compositions to prevent or ameliorate nervous system disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, anxiety, migraine, and pain.

Abstract: Constitutive activators of Rho GTPases are useful in treating learning an cognitive disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a proprietary compositions and systems to modulate genetic and metabolomic contributing factors affecting disease diagnosis, stratification, and prognosis, as well as the metabolism, efficacy and/or toxicity associated with specific vitamins, minerals, herbal supplements, homeopathic ingredients, and other ingredients for the purposes of customizing a subject's nutritional supplement formulation to optimize specific health outcomes. Specific to this invention the utilization of certain known polymorphic genes associated with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are analyzed to target certain genetic anomalies that lead to a high risk and predisposition to SUD. The genotypic patterns are then utilized to provide certain nutritional customized solutions especially related to the attenuation of aberrant abuse of physician prescribed narcotic pain medication across all pain conditions.

Abstract: Cyclic tetrapeptides that are kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists can be used in therapeutic applications for treating, inhibiting, and/or preventing drug addiction, drug use, or drug seeking behavior in a subject. This can include subjects that have a history of drug addiction. The drug can be selected from cocaine, alcohol, amphetamines, methamphetamines, nicotine, opiate, or combinations thereof. These cyclic tetrapeptides can also be useful for treating, inhibiting, and/or preventing stress-induced drug seeking behavior.

Abstract: The invention relates to a selective inhibitor of Elk-1 or MSK-1 activation for use in the prevention and/or treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptides derived from human Basic Proline-rich Lacrimal Protein (BPLP), notably opiorphin, for use as psychostimulants. These peptides are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), narcolepsy, hypersomnia, vigilance drop, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit and/or hyperactivity in adults and in children, depression, bipolar disease, dysthymic disorder and cyclothymic disorder.

Abstract: The present invention describes a protein hydrolysate which is rich in tripeptides whereby the tripeptides are rich in proline at one end of the peptide.

Abstract: The invention provides antidepressant prodrugs comprising an antidepressant conjugated to one or more amino acids. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an antidepressant prodrug, and to methods of preparing and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified opiorphin peptides as new inhibitors of metallo-ectopeptidases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for modulating the activity of Rac1, comprising modifying the phosphorylation state of Ser179 in syndecan-4 through influencing the interaction between syndecan-4 and the guanin nucleotide exchange factor of Rac1 (RacGEF) named Tiam1 in a GTP-dependent manner. In particular, methods are provided for enhancing the epithelial phenotype of a cell and for initiating the polarization of a cell by increasing the de-phosphorylation of said Ser179 of syndecan-4, and for enhancing the migratory phenotype of a cell and for initiating the neuronal differentiation of a cell by increasing the phosphorylation of said Ser179 of syndecan-4. Polypeptides for use in modulating the activity of the small GTPase Rac are also provided, as well as a method for identifying an agent capable of indirectly modulating the activity of the small GTPase Rac 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which comprises tryptophan whereby 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80% of the tryptophan is present as free tryptophan or peptide-bound tryptophan and 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80% of the tryptophan is present as polypeptide-bound tryptophan.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and compositions for modulating synaptogenesis and axon and/or dendritic growth. The methods include the use of agents that modulate a thrombospondin and/or an ?2? subunit of a calcium channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds comprising at most 13 contiguous amino acid residues derived from the fibronectin type 3,I1 module of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), or a variant or fragment thereof, capable of interacting with an FGFR and thereby the compounds are capable of inducing differentiation, modulating proliferation, stimulate regeneration, neuronal plasticity and/or survival of cells. Further, the present invention relates to the use of said compounds for production of a medicament for treatment of conditions and diseases, wherein NCAM and/or FGFR play a prominent role.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating neurological diseases, particularly brain diseases and improving cognitive functions by inhibiting apoptosis of neuronal cells and/or promoting generation of neuronal cells. The present invention provide a composition for preventing or treating a neurological disease, particularly brain disease, and a composition for improving a cognitive function, which comprises stanniocalcin 2 as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery of a novel neuroprotective peptide. In addition, the invention rests on the discovery that the NAP peptide enhances the association of tau and the brain-specific beta tubulin subunit. In addition, NAP modifies microtubule assembly and dynamics, in part, by affecting the tyrosination of microtubule proteins. The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment and prevention of neuronal disorders, including NAP-binding and tau-binding agents, tau peptide mimetics, NAP-like and NAP-like tau peptide mimetics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of the peptide compound Glu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Arg-Gly-Ala-Ile-Phe-Gln-Ala-NH2 as a therapeutic agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, lung diseases, heart and vascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Moreover the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions preferably in form of a lyophilisate or liquid buffer solution or artificial mother milk formulation or mother milk substitute containing the peptide Glu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Arg-Gly-Ala-Ile-Phe-Gln-Ala-NH2 optionally together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, cryoprotectant, lyoprotectant, excipient and/or diluent.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed herein for treating depression in the subject. A method includes the use of Botulinum toxin to cause paralysis of a facial muscle, such as the depressor anguli oris, procerus, frontalis, orbicularis oculi, or corrugator supercilii muscle to treat depression in the subject.