Abstract: Described are methods of preparing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula: wherein: R1 and R9 are independently selected from: —H; C1-4alkyl; C2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C1-4alkyl; each of R3NA and R3NB is independently selected from: —H; C1-4alkyl; C2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C1-4alkyl; each of R7NA and R7NB is independently selected from: —H; C1-4alkyl; C2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C1-4alkyl; each of HX1 and HX2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly useful for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for identifying candidate agents for treatment of obesity, liver disease, and/or diabetes. Such methods include, e.g., contacting a mammalian cell or cell population with a test agent, and measuring an expression level and/or activity level of ClpP in the mammalian cell or in cells of the cell population. Also provided are methods and compositions for treating an individual (e.g., one who is obese and/or has diabetes). Treatment methods include administering an inhibitor of ClpP to the individual (e.g., to prevent or reduce weight gain, to increase insulin sensitivity, and/or to increase glucose tolerance).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition consisting of or containing peptides selected from the group consisting of or containing RD2, D3, homologs having at least 50% identity and derivatives of RD2 or D3 and also polymers containing or consisting of RD2/D3 homologs having at least 50% identity and derivatives of RD2 and under D3 for use as an analgesic, for use in pain therapy, for use in the treatment of chronic and/or neuropathic pain and/or for inhibiting N-type neuronal calcium channels (NCCs).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of antimicrobial enzymes. In particular, the present invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence exhibiting at least 90% sequence identity with the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, with the proviso that the polypeptide does neither comprise the sequence according to SEQ ID NO:2, nor the sequence according to SEQ ID NO:3, nor the sequence according to SEQ ID NO:4. The present invention relates also to nucleic acids encoding an inventive polypeptide, vectors or bacteriophages comprising an inventive nucleic acid as well as host cells comprising an inventive polypeptide, nucleic acid, vector, and/or bacteriophage. Similarly, the present invention relates to compositions comprising a polypeptide, nucleic acid, vector, bacteriophage, and/or host cell according to the present invention.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a protein or isolated peptide, and methods using the same for preventing, dispersing or detaching a biofilm, are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions including an odd chain fatty acid, and salts and derivatives thereof, and methods for metabolic syndrome treatment and prophylaxis are provided, including compositions and methods for treating diabetes, obesity, hyperferritinemia, elevated insulin, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and related conditions. Methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of metabolic syndrome are also provided.

Abstract: Amyloid beta-binding peptides and the use thereof for the treatment and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Bipartite molecules comprising a peptide affinity moiety and at least one charged moiety and uses thereof in reducing formation of abnormal protein aggregate and treating diseases associated with such abnormal protein aggregate, including neurodegenerative disease characterized by formation of protein aggregates.

Abstract: Synthetic A? peptides, oligomers, their methods of synthesis, and their applications are provided. The A? peptides can form stable, soluble oligomers important for the advancement of knowledge, detection, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Antibodies specific to oligomeric A? and their methods of synthesis are also described.

Abstract: Novel cell penetrating agents for intracellular delivery of desired cargo, including proteins. Use of cell penetrating agents to deliver cargos to the interior of cells and cellular compartments and organelles is transformative for diagnostic, therapeutic, and research processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel class of medicament based on CXCR antagonistic peptides. Among other things, the present invention provides peptides, compositions and methods for treating diseases, disorders and conditions in which a CXCR mediated pathway is implicated. Compositions and methods for effective treatment of inflammation, stroke, traumatic brain injury, pancreatic cancer, and others are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide separated from the fraction of oyster enzyme hydrolysate displaying the ability of suppressing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease comprising the said peptide as an active ingredient. Particularly, the peptide separated from the fraction of the oyster enzyme hydrolysate of the present invention significantly inhibits ACE activity, and thus brings blood pressure regulating effect and antihypertensive effect. Therefore, the fraction of the oyster enzyme hydrolysate of the invention or the peptide separated from the same can be effectively used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: Peptides specifically binding amyloid beta and to methods of treating and diagnosing Alzheimer's dementia using such peptides are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, methods for the use of such compounds, assays for the identification of such compounds, and methods for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and diagnostic kits. Methods of marketing compounds are also disclosed. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a compound for the diagnosis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease wherein the compound is a modulator that inhibits the disruption by amyloid ? of a complex comprising synaptophysin and/or synaptobrevin. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds disclosed herein in an amount sufficient to treat Alzheimer's disease in a subject. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a diagnostic composition comprising the compound disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I and in particular medicaments comprising at least one compound of the formula I for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions in the triggering of which cathepsin D is involved, in particular for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of arthrosis, traumatic cartilage injuries, arthritis, pain, allodynia or hyperalgesia.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of identifying a candidate agent for treating an apoE-associated neurodegenerative disorder. The methods involve contacting a PCSK1 or a PCSK2 polypeptide with an apolipoprotein E polypeptide in the presence of a test agent.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise methods, systems, and compositions to promote, improve and/or increase neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, or neurological outcome or function in a patient in need thereof. Some embodiments also comprise the administration a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more of a group comprising microRNA-146a, a promoter of microRNA-146a expression, a microRNA-146a mimic, thymosin beta 4, and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor to treat neurological conditions, disease, or injury in mammals, including in human beings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the therapeutic and diagnostic use in the treatment of diseases and disorders which are caused by or associated with neurofibrillary tangles, in particular, the invention relates to antibodies, which specifically recognize and bind to phosphorylated pathological protein tau-conformers and to methods and compositions involving said antibodies for the therapeutic and diagnostic use in the treatment of tauopathies including Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Abstract: A composition which is reversible inhibitor of at least one neuron-specific PDZ domain comprising wherein R is a molecular transporter with or without a linker amino acid; R1 is at least about one amino acid covalently bound; and, R2 is isoleucine, leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, or valine, and methods of use.

Abstract: An isolated protein selected from the group consisting of (i) proteins comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to the C-terminal domain of lung surfactant protein C precursor (CTproSP-C, “CTC”) from a mammal; and (ii) proteins comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to the Brichos domain of CTproSP-C from a mammal, is disclosed for treatment of Alzheimer's disease in a mammal, including man.

Abstract: Structural and functional analysis of peptide inhibitor binding to the cyclin D and cyclin A groove has been investigated and used to design peptides that provide the basis for structure-activity relationships, have improved binding and have potential for development as chemical biology probes, as potential diagnostics and as therapeutics in the treatment of proliferative diseases including cancer and inflammation.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for treating a subject suffering from a disease of the central nervous system which is associated with an inflammatory response, including, inter alia, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, pain, HIV-associated dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, encephalomyelitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, cerebral ischemia-induced injury or any combination thereof. This invention further provides for the use of a conjugate, or composition comprising the same, for treating the subject, wherein the conjugate comprises a lipid or phospholipid moiety bonded to a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I): R1-Wn-Xm-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-AA5-AA6-AA7-AA8-AA9-Yp-Zq-R2 (I) their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof and/or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, preparation processes, cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions which contain them and their use in medicine, particularly in the treatment and/or prevention of pain, inflammation, itching, neurological, compulsive and/or neuropsychiatric diseases and/or disorders and in processes of treatment and/or care of the skin, hair and/or mucous membranes mediated by neuronal exocytosis.

Abstract: Potent compounds having combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-radiation and metal chelating properties are described. Short peptides having these properties, and methods and uses of such short peptides in clinical and cosmetic applications are described.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting, reducing, and/or treating pathological apoptosis and/or protein aggregation in a subject includes administering to the subject an amount of a therapeutic polypeptide effective to inhibit, reduce, and/or treat the pathological apoptosis and/or protein aggregation. The therapeutic polypeptide including at least one of acetylated ?A-crystallin, acetylated ?B-crystallin, acetylated fragments thereof having molecular chaperone activity, and/or polypeptide mimetics thereof that can inhibit pathological protein aggregation and/or pathological apoptosis.

Abstract: Isolated DJ-1 related peptides are disclosed and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same for treating oxidative stress-related disorder.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel multivalent polymeric amyloid-beta-binding substances composed of several interconnected substances which per se already have amyloid-beta-binding properties, and to the use of these substances, referred to hereinbelow as “polymers”, in particular in medicine.

Abstract: Provided herein are peptides that exhibit ApoE biological activity, as well as compositions and pharmaceutical formulations that include the peptides. The peptides, compositions, and methods disclosed herein have broad applications as they can be used to treat a broad spectrum of injury, diseases, disorders, and clinical indications.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds having either agonist or antagonist activities for the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF and represented by monomeric or dimeric substituted dipeptides that are analogs of the exposed portions of loop 1 or loop 4 regions of these neurotrophins near or at a beta-turn of the respective loop. N-acylated substituents of these dipeptides are biostereoisomers of the amino acid residues preceding these dipeptide sequences in the neurotrophin primary structure. The dimeric structure is produced advantageously by using hexamethylenediamine to which dipeptides are attached via their carboxyl groups. The claimed compounds displayed neuroprotective and differentiation-inducing activities in cellular models and enhanced the amount of phosphorylated tyrosine kinase A and the heat shock proteins Hsp32 and Hsp70 in the concentration range of 10?9 to 10?5 M.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying an inhibitor of the aggregation of amyloid-? peptide (A?), comprising the steps of a) contacting at least one A? -peptide and/or the nitrated forms thereof with at least one candidate inhibitor that potentially specifically binds to a region in said A? -peptide capable of being nitrated, and b) detecting said inhibitor specifically binding to said region in said A? -peptide through detecting a lack of or a reduced aggregation of said at least one A? -peptide. The present invention is further directed at improved methods for treating neuronal degradation and particularly Alzheimer's disease, based on said inhibitor. The present invention is further directed at methods for diagnosing the aggregation of A? -peptide in the context of neuronal degradation and particularly Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common human neurodegenerative disease of the CNS resulting in progressive neuronal death and memory loss. Despite intense investigations, no effective therapy is available to stop its onset or halt its progression. It was discovered that antisense oligonucleotide against neutral sphingomyelinase and GW4869, a chemical inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase, inhibit activation of glial cells and protect neurons in AD cell culture and animal models. These results suggest the following new treatment options for AD patients: Antisense oligonucleotide against neutral sphingomyelinase and GW4869.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide with anti-inflammatory activity, wherein the peptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 1, the peptide has above 80% homology of amino acid sequence with above-mentioned sequence, or the peptide is the fragment of the above-mentioned peptides. The present invention also relates to an inflammatory composition comprising the above mentioned peptides. According to the present invention, a peptide comprising a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 has outstanding efficacy in both suppressing inflammation and in prophylactic means. Therefore, the composition comprising the peptide of this invention can be used as anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical composition or as cosmetic composition, in turn, treating and preventing a variety of different types of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide with anti-inflammatory activity, wherein the peptide comprises at least one amino acid sequence among SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO: 179, the peptide has above 80% homology of amino acid sequence with above-mentioned sequences, or the peptide is the fragment of the above-mentioned peptides. The present invention also relates to an inflammatory composition comprising the above mentioned peptides. According to the present invention, the peptides that have at least one amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO: 179 shows outstanding efficacy in both suppressing inflammation and in prophylactic means. Therefore, the composition comprising the peptides of this invention can be used as anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compositions or as cosmetic compositions, in turn, treating and preventing a variety of different types of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I): R1—Wn—Xm-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-AA5-AA6-AA7-Yp—Zq—R2, their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof and/or their cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, preparation processes, cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions which contain them and their use in medicine, particularly in the treatment and/or prevention of pain, inflammation, itching, neurological, compulsive and/or neuropsychiatric diseases and/or disorders and in processes of treatment and/or care of the skin, hair and/or mucous membranes mediated by neuronal exocytosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that (a) binds (i) wild-type A? 42/40 protofibril comprising N-terminal truncated A? forms and (ii) A? 42/40 Arc protofibril comprising N-terminal truncated A? forms and (b) has no or little cross-reactivity to A? 42/40 monomers. The invention further relates to a method of using such an antibody to treat Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Described herein is the identification of primate-specific glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor opposite strand (GDNFOS) transcripts and encoded peptides. In particular embodiments, provided herein are three GDNFOS antisense transcripts, referred to as GDNFOS-1, GDNFOS-2 and GDNFOS-3. The GDNFOS-3 transcript encodes an ORF of 105 amino acids. Compositions comprising the GDNFOS transcripts and peptides are also provided by the present disclosure. Further provided are methods of treating a neurodegenerative or peripheral organ disease in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the disclosed GDNFOS nucleic acid molecules, peptides or compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for modulating the activity of one or more neurotrophins, such as neural growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), in an animal and methods for treatment of a disease or disorder in an individual by modulation of neurotrophin activity. The modulation is carried out by interfering with binding between a neurotrophin and a receptor of the Vps10p-domain receptor family or modulating the expression of a receptor of the Vps10p-domain receptor family. Methods for screening for agents capable of modulating neurotrophin activity and agents selected using these screening methods are also disclosed, as are methods for determining the effect of an agent on one or more neurotrophins in cells. The present invention also pertains to methods for modulating the transport of one or more neurotrophins.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprises insulin, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In another embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprises clioquinol, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprises insulin, clioquinol, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be used to treat or prevent a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and/or traumatic brain injuries and the like, in addition to other systemic and local diseases.

Abstract: Nitration shielding peptides that reduce or prevent nitration of a protein of interest are disclosed. The peptide can serve as molecular sink for nitrating agents, block access of the nitrating agents to the target tyrosine on the protein of interest, serve as substrate for the nitrating agent (i.e., provide an alternative nitratable tyrosine residue), provide a nitrating agent neutralizing moiety such as antioxidant, or a combination thereof. The nitration shielding peptide can be a fusion protein that includes one or more additional domains such a protein transduction domain, a targeting signal, a purification tag, or any combination thereof. Exemplary nitration shielding peptides for reducing nitration of RhoA and PKG-1?, and methods of use thereof for treating pathologies, disease, and disorders associated with nitration of RhoA and PKG-1?, respectively are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating inflammatory diseases by administering to the subject an effective amount of an agent that provides alpha B-crystallin activity, where the dose is effective to suppress or prevent initiation, progression, or relapses of disease, including the progression of established disease. In some embodiments, the methods of the invention comprise administering to a subject having a pre-existing inflammatory disease condition, an effective amount of alpha B-crystallin protein, to suppress or prevent relapses of the disease.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of treating a tauopathy, involving administering an anti-Tau antibody. The present disclosure also provides anti-Tau antibodies, and formulations comprising same, for use in the methods.

Abstract: The invention provides an expression system for producing Caveolin-1 in neuronal cells or neural stem cells comprising a neuron-specific regulatory element and a nucleic acid sequence encoding Caveolin-1.

Abstract: Antibodies and fragments thereof have high affinity for human ?-synuclein protofibrils and low binding of ?-synuclein monomers, wherein the antibodies or fragments have specified Complementarity Determining Region (CDR) sequences. Compositions comprise such an antibody or fragment and methods of detecting ?-synuclein protofibrils use such an antibody or fragment. In further embodiments, methods of preventing, delaying onset of or treating a neurodegenerative disorder with ?-synuclein pathology comprise administering such an antibody or fragment, and such an antibody or fragment is used in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder with ?-synuclein pathology. Such an antibody or fragment is used in the diagnosis or monitoring of the development of a neurodegenerative disorder with ?-synuclein pathology, and in methods for reducing or inhibiting ?-synuclein aggregation by administration of such an antibody or fragment.

Abstract: The invention provides unique therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies, as well as their fragments, portions, derivatives, and variants thereof, that bind regions of the tau protein that contribute to the initiation and propagation of pathological tau-tau interactions, as well as methods of making them. The invention also relates to methods of using those antibodies for diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. The present invention also provides a method for a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. This method entails the injection of antibodies and/or peptide vaccines that elicits an immune response directed to pathological tau proteins and tau deposits in the brains of patients. Suitable vaccines represent a tau peptide carrying one or more of the tau therapeutic epitopes provided herein.

Abstract: The present application provides synthetic modified peptides of five to seven natural or non-natural amino acids as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, for use in the treatment a disease or disorder presenting behavioral abnormalities associated with impairment of sensory gating function, depression or cognitive impairment, particularly schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are Furin/PC inhibitors for inhibiting Furin and other Propprotein Convertases. Method of making the Furin/PC inhibitors, chemical and biological characterization of the Furin/PC inhibitors, and the use of the Furin/PC inhibitors to treat infectious diseases, cancers, and inflammatory/autoimmune disorders, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of reducing or preventing mitochondrial permeability transitioning. The method comprises administering an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide having at least one net positive charge; a minimum of four amino acids; a maximum of about twenty amino acids; a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (pm) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3pm is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; and a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (pt) wherein 2 a is the largest number that is less than or equal to pt+1, except that when a is 1, pt may also be 1.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining progression of a condition, onset of a condition, or efficacy of treatment of a condition characterized by an adipocyte imbalance in a patient. In addition, disclosed herein are methods of treating diabetes, abnormal adipocyte activity, and insulin resistance using monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric forms of certain C-terminal fragments of adiponectin receptor. In addition, methods of treating abnormal adipocyte activity, treating metabolic syndrome, causing insulin secretion, increasing insulin levels, inhibiting insulin degradation enzyme, treating Alzheimer's disease, treating cardiovascular disease associated with adiponectin levels, inhibiting ADAM-17 enzyme, inhibiting a protease, treating a condition associated with TNF-alpha, and treating a condition associated with HER2-neu are disclosed. Compositions, dosage forms, and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present application provides novel compounds of the Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods for using such compounds as tools for biological studies or as agents or drugs for modulating Protease Activated Receptor-2 (PAR2) and for treating a subject at risk of—or susceptible to—a disease or disorder, or having a disease or disorder associated with undesirable PAR2 activity.