Abstract: Methods, uses, agents and compositions useful for the prevention, treatment and/or diagnosis of neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury based on the modulation of nerve injury-induced protein-1 (Ninjurin-1) are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a new use of protein hydrolysates and peptide derived from seahorses for preventing or treating a neurodegenerative disease, and more particularly a composition and health functional foods for preventing or treating a neurodegenerative disease including seahorse protein hydrolysates or peptide isolated and purified from the same as an effective component.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the treatment of subjects with cognitive or neuropsychiatric impairment induced by substance addiction and for increasing cognitive function in a subject with substance addiction. In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule including covalently linked first, second, and third domains; wherein the first domain is an MHC class II ?1 domain and the second domain is an MHC class II ?1 domain; or wherein the first domain is an MHC class I ?1 domain and the second domain is an MHC class I ?2 domain; and wherein the third domain is covalently linked to the first domain and comprises an antigen of the central or peripheral nervous system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a humanized anti-CD37 small modular immunopharmaceutical (SMIP) molecule, as well as synergistic combination therapies of CD37-specific binding molecules (such as anti-CD37 SMIP proteins or antibodies) with bifunctional chemotherapeutics (such as bendamustine) that can be administered concurrently or sequentially, for use in treating or preventing B-cell related autoimmune, inflammatory, or hyperproliferative diseases.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to inhibitors that preferentially inhibit immunoproteasome activity over constitutive proteasome activity. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the treatment of immune related diseases, comprising administering a compound of the invention. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the treatment of cancer, comprising administering a compound of the invention.

Abstract: A method of detecting MSDX Complex-1, the method introducing a first antibody to a sample to create an antibody-sample mixture, wherein the first antibody is specific for one of fibrinogen, fibronectin, or fibulin-1, the first antibody having a label molecule; providing a well coated with a second antibody, the second antibody is specific for one of fibrinogen, fibronectin, or fibulin-1; introducing the antibody-sample mixture to the well; and introducing a substrate to the antibody-sample mixture in the well, wherein the label molecule and the substrate interact to provide a signal, wherein when the signal is detected then MSDX Complex-1 is detected.

Abstract: The present invention describes blood cells chemically coupled with immunodominant myelin peptides and their use in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.

Abstract: A method of treating or preventing inflammatory related diseases in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to said subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising an immune modulating polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 is provided. A method for inhibiting cancer metastasis or growth of tumor in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising an immune modulating polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel peptides derived from the IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1 RA), capable of binding to the cell surface IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1 R1) and interfere with the binding of IL-1 to IL1 R1. This binding thus effectively antagonises the inflammatory effects of IL-1, such as by reducing TNF-alpha secretion from macrophages. This is of potential use as an anti-inflammatory factor throughout the human body, including the central nervous system. The use of said peptides as anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of pathological conditions wherein IL-1 plays a prominent role, such as inflammatory conditions of the body and the central nervous system, is thus an aspect of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention provides cell-permeable peptides that bind to JNK proteins and inhibit JNK-mediated effects in JNK-expressing cells.

Abstract: The invention provides human secreted proteins (SECP) and polynucleotides which identify and encode SECP. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disorders associated with aberrant expression of SECP.

Abstract: In order to provide a composition for treating, improving, or preventing pain, it has been found out that a metallothionein protein is expressed in a normal peripheral nerve, and that the expression is not observed in a peripheral nerve producing pain. Moreover, it has been found out that administering metallothionein to rats having neuropathic pain suppresses the pain in the rats.

Abstract: Short peptide mimetics of adiponectin suitable for development as pharmaceutical agonists in the treatment of cellular proliferative disorders such as cancer and atherosclerosis are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for treating, preventing, and diagnosing diseases or conditions associated with an abnormal level or activity of biglycan; disorders associated with an unstable cytoplasmic membrane, due, e.g., to an unstable dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC); disorders associated with abnormal synapses or neuromuscular junctions, including those resulting from an abnormal MuSK activation or acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation. Examples of diseases include muscular dystrophies, such as Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Becker's Muscular Dystrophy, neuromuscular disorders and neurological disorders.

Abstract: The present invention features the local administration of complement inhibitors for treatment of complement-mediated disorders. In certain embodiments the invention features inhibiting activation of one or more locally produced complement proteins. The invention provides sustained release formulations and devices comprising a complement inhibitor and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the autophagy of motor neurons in a subject is provided. The method comprises administrating to the subject an effective amount of an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable ester of the compound and combinations thereof: wherein A is a C1-C5 alkyl optionally having one or more unsaturated bonds and optionally being substituted by one or more substituents selected from a group consisting of —OH, ?O and C1-C3 alkyl; X is H, —OH, Y is O or S and can optionally combine with A to form a five-membered ring; and R1 is H or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, wherein one or more —CH2— of the C1-C20 alkyl are optionally being replaced by —NH— or —O—.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel regulatory T cell proteins. One protein, designated PD-L3, resembles members of the PD-L1 family, and co-stimulates ?CD3 proliferation of T cells in vitro. A second, TNF-like, protein has also been identified as being upregulated upon ?CD3/?GITR stimulation. This protein has been designated Treg-sTNF. Proteins, antibodies, activated T cells and methods for using the same are disclosed. In particular methods of using these proteins and compounds, preferably antibodies, which bind or modulate (agonize or antagonize) the activity of these proteins, as immune modulators and for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disease, allergy, infection and inflammatory conditions, e.g.

Abstract: Provided herein are peptides that exhibit ApoE biological activity, as well as compositions and pharmaceutical formulations that include the peptides. The peptides, compositions, and methods disclosed herein have broad applications as they can be used to treat a broad spectrum of injury, diseases, disorders, and clinical indications.

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating and/or reducing the severity of multiple sclerosis in a human, by administering autologous mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural precursors. Also described is an in vitro method for differentiating mesenchymal stem-cell derived neural precursor oligodengroglial and neuronal cell types.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing or ameliorating tissue damage caused by an inflammatory disorder or pathogenic infections are described. In one aspect, a method for preventing or ameliorating tissue damage caused by an inflammatory disorder or pathogenic infection comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a neuregulin. In another aspect, the composition comprises one or more active agents that: (a) increase expression or activity of a neuregulin; (b) inhibit the expression or activity of CXCL10, STAT3 or HEME; or (c) both (a) and (b).

Abstract: A method of treating a patient having an autoimmune disease or a Th1 polarising infection or a condition associated with inflammation other than asthma or allergy, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5).

Abstract: This invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for treating a cognitive disorder or memory disorder in animals that result from aging or other neurodegenerative condition. In particular, compounds of this invention can stimulate neural cell growth, increased amounts of cells containing a key enzyme needed for production of the cholinergic neurotransmitter, and can improve memory and cognitive function in animals who have experienced a loss of memory or cognitive function.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of peptides that are capable of binding to, and modulating the activity of NCAM. The peptides are peptide fragments of FGFRs. They are derived from two distinct binding sites for binding of the immunoglobulin-like module 2 of FGFR to NCAM F3 modules 1-2. The invention further relates to use of said peptides for the production of a medicament for the treatment of different pathological conditions, wherein NCAM and/or FGFRs play a prominent role.

Abstract: Inflammatory diseases in the CNS can be treated or alleviated by the administration of an oligonucleotide in an amount sufficient to reduce the influx of mononuclear cells to the central nervous system by down-regulating the expression of at least one cell surface marker. For example multiple sclerosis can be treated or at least alleviated, by the administration of an oligonucleotide in a dose effective to inhibit or reduce the influx of mononuclear and/or autoaggressive cells to the central nervous system. The oligonucleotide can be used alone, or in combination with other treatment strategies.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting neuronal cell death, including protecting neuronal cells from cell death and the effects of stress, such as high or low pH, comprising administering to the cells an effective amount of Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP). The invention provides the use of TCAP to prevent and/or treat a number of brain conditions, such as hypoxia-ischemia and brain alkalosis or various brain or spinal cord injuries due to physical or physiological stresses. In one aspect the invention provides a use of TCAP to increase ?-tubulin, ?-actin levels in neuronal cells and/or to increase fasciculation among neuronal cells, in culture or in tissue. In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating various pH induced neuronal conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptide ligands of the melanocortin receptors, in particular the melancortin-4 receptor, and as such, are useful in the treatment of disorders responsive to the activation of this receptor, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and sexual dysfunction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which comprises the following myelin basic protein peptides: MBP 30-44, MBP 83-99, MBP 131-145, and MBP 140-154. The composition may be used to treat a disease, in particular multiple sclerosis and/or optical neuritis and the invention also relates to such uses and methods.

Abstract: Provided is a modified human tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 polypeptide or a fragment thereof that binds to a tumor necrosis factor in vivo or ex vivo. The modified human tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 polypeptide or fragment exhibits improved ability to bind tumor necrosis factor and resistance to proteases.

Abstract: Polypeptide compositions that mimic the activity of glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) on the immune system are described. Also described is a method of treating multiple sclerosis using compositions comprising GILZ or lower molecular weight polypeptides with structural relationships to GILZ.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods and compositions for preventing or treating axonal and/or neuronal degeneration in a subject by administering a composition comprising a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (RGD).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions related to use of aminopyridines, such as fampridine, to improve impairments of patients with a demyelinating condition, such as MS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and methods for their use. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with T cell proliferation such as autoimmune diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Methods for analyzing, selecting, characterizing or classifying compositions of a co-polymer, e.g., glatiramer acetate are described. The methods entail analysis of pyro-glutamate in the composition, and, in some methods, comparing the amount of pyro-glutamate present in a composition to a reference standard.

Abstract: The invention relates to the Fc? receptor (Fc-gamma receptor) for use in treating multiple sclerosis, wherein the multiple sclerosis is a B cell mediated form of multiple sclerosis and/or an autoantibody driven form of multiple sclerosis. The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the Fc? receptor (Fc-gamma receptor) for use in treating multiple sclerosis, wherein the multiple sclerosis is a B cell mediated form of multiple sclerosis and/or an autoantibody driven form of multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for stimulating an immune response against cells that express survivin are provided. The method is suitable for prophylaxis and/or therapy of autoimmune disorders. The method involves administering to an individual a composition that contains a survivin peptide mimic that has a cysteine to methionine alteration at amino acid position 57 of wild type survivin. Fragments of the peptides can also be used.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, composition and kit for treatment of inflammatory disease and disorder using PKC isoform modulators. Exemplary modulators include inhibitors of PKC-alpha, PKC-epsilon and PKC-eta, as well as activators of PKC-delta.

Abstract: Methods for blocking autoreactive T cell-initiated destruction of tissues in a mammal are provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises administering a purified CD24 polypeptide, a fusion protein comprising such polypeptide, or a biologically active fragment of such polypeptide to a mammalian subject who is suspected of having or predisposed to having an autoimmune disease. In another embodiment, anti-CD24 antibody or anti-CD24 Fab fragments are administered to the subject. In another embodiment, the method comprises administering a CD24 antisense molecule, an expression vector encoding a CD24 antisense molecule, CD24 dsRNAi, or an expression vector encoding CD24 dsRNAi to the subject. The present invention also relates to isolated and purified CD24 fusion proteins employed in the present methods and to transgenic mice that express the human CD24 protein on their T cells and/or their vascular endothelial cells but do not express murine heat shock antigen on any cells.

Abstract: Methods of treating neurological disorders, e.g., those characterized by demyelination and/or axonal loss (e.g., MS), are provided. The methods comprise administration of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula I: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from OH, O?, and (C1-6)alkoxy, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and either glatiramer acetate or interferon-beta.

Abstract: The invention herein related to methods and compositions for treating nervous system disorders. The methods comprise administration of antibodies directed towards peptides that bind to receptors important in disease progression, thus attenuating the disease.

Abstract: The present invention is further directed to methods and compositions for modulating the activity of the Toso protein. The invention further encompasses treatment of disorders associated with inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancer using compositions that include a soluble Toso protein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses administering steroid hormones to mammals to treat autoimmune related diseases, more particularly, Th1-mediated (cell-mediated) autoimmune diseases including: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroiditis and uveitis. Most preferably the invention is used to treat a patient with a therapeutically effective amount of estriol of 8 milligrams once daily via oral administration to treat the symptoms or prevent the onset of multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, composition and kit for treatment of inflammatory disease and disorder using PKC isoform modulators.

Abstract: Methods for treating a condition associated with proteoglycan production in a mammal are provided. The methods comprise the administration of at least one of a calmodulin antagonist, a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel inhibitor and a calmodulin-binding peptide to the mammal.

Abstract: Provided are a pharmaceutical use of poly-gamma-glutamic acid used for preventing or treating Th17-mediated diseases, a composition for preventing or treating Th17-mediated diseases comprising poly-gamma-glutamic acid as an active ingredient, and a method of preventing or treating Th17-mediated diseases using the same. The pharmaceutical composition is effective in inhibiting the differentiation of Th17 cells while promoting Treg cells, and, thus, can be useful in preventing or treating Th17-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and the like.

Abstract: Described herein is the identification of primate-specific glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor opposite strand (GDNFOS) transcripts and encoded peptides. In particular embodiments, provided herein are three GDNFOS antisense transcripts, referred to as GDNFOS-1, GDNFOS-2 and GDNFOS-3. The GDNFOS-3 transcript encodes an ORF of 105 amino acids. Compositions comprising the GDNFOS transcripts and peptides are also provided by the present disclosure. Further provided are methods of treating a neurodegenerative or peripheral organ disease in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the disclosed GDNFOS nucleic acid molecules, peptides or compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides human signal peptide-containing proteins (HSPP) and polynucleotides which identify and encode HSPP. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disorders associated with expression of HSPP.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods related to improving pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds targeting nervous system.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of gelsolin to treat neurologic diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and to the use of gelsolin to diagnose, monitor, and evaluate therapies of neurologic diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyalkylene glycol compounds and methods of using them. In particular, compounds comprising a novel polyethylene glycol conjugate are used alone, or in combination with antiviral agents to treat a viral infection, such as chronic hepatitis C.

Abstract: A conjugate protein comprising a GM-CSF or a fragment thereof and a truncated CCL2 is described. The conjugate protein has unexpected immune suppressive, anti-obesity and tumoricidal properties and is useful in a variety of therapeutic applications.