Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: A combination therapy for treating a bacterial biofilm comprises a therapeutically effective amount of an antibiotic comprising an aminoglycoside or tetracycline, or a combination of two or more thereof, and a cationic porphyrin in an amount effective for enhancing the effectiveness of the antibiotic in treating the bacterial biofilm. A method of treating a bacterial biofilm comprising Pseudomonas aeruginosa comprises contacting the bacterial biofilm with a combination therapy comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an antibiotic, and a cationic porphyrin in an amount effective for enhancing the effectiveness of the antibiotic in treating the bacterial biofilm. A method of treating a bacterial biofilm comprising Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient comprises administering to the patient a combination therapy comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an antibiotic, and a cationic porphyrin in an amount effective for enhancing the effectiveness of the antibiotic in treating the bacterial biofilm.

Abstract: Compositions and methods, including novel homogeneous microparticulate suspensions, are described for treating natural and artificial surfaces that contain bacterial biofilm, including unexpected synergy or enhancing effects between bismuth-thiol (BT) compounds and certain antibiotics, to provide formulations including antiseptic formulations. Previously unpredicted antibacterial properties and anti-biofilm properties of disclosed BT compounds and BT compound-plus-antibiotic combinations are also described, including preferential efficacies of certain such compositions for treating certain gram-positive bacterial infections, and distinct preferential efficacies of certain such compositions for treating certain gram-negative bacterial infections.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting Clostridium associated diseases are disclosed.

Abstract: Glycopeptide antibiotics, such as oritavancin, demonstrate significant activity against both a vegetative form of C. difficile and C. difficile spores. Methods for the treatment, prophylaxis and prevention of C. difficile infection and disease in animals, including humans, are described.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions method for inhibiting fructokinase activity within the gastrointestinal tract cell of a subject. The compositions and methods treat or prevent conditions associated with increased permeability and oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of inhibiting the growth of or killing a bacterium in an animal subject, preventing or delaying onset of an infection with a bacterium in an animal subject, preventing or delaying onset of a pathogen mediated disease or disorder in an animal subject, or reducing bacterial load in an animal subject, comprising administering an effective amount of a derivatized chitosan to the animal. Also described herein are preparations comprising a chitosan derivative for administration to an animal.

Abstract: Glycopeptide antibiotics, such as oritavancin, demonstrate significant activity against a wide range of bacteria. Methods for the treatment, prophylaxis and prevention of bacterial infection and disease in animals, including humans, using a single dose of oritavancin over the course of therapy, are described.

Abstract: Compositions and methods, including novel homogeneous microparticulate suspensions, are described for treating acute wounds, chronic wounds and/or a wound or epithelial tissue surface that contains bacterial biofilm, including unexpected synergy between bismuth-thiol (BT) compounds and certain antibiotics, to provide topical formulations including antiseptic formulations, for management and promotion of wound healing and in particular infected wounds. Previously unpredicted antibacterial properties and anti-biofilm properties of disclosed BT compounds and BT compound-plus-antibiotic combinations are also described, including preferential efficacies of certain such compositions for treating gram-positive bacterial infections, and distinct preferential efficacies of certain such compositions for treating gram-negative bacterial infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of plasminogen/plasmin and its derivatives as agents for enhancing host defense against infection or other infectious diseases. The invention also relates to a method for screening of compounds which enhance host defense against infection by evaluating the host defense against bacterial arthritis and spontaneous otitis media in an animal model.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or inhibiting infection by Clostridium difficile in a subject in need of such treatment, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound binding to a CD3299 riboswitch, as well as assays for identifying compounds useful in such treatment, and the use of particular compounds in such treatment.

Abstract: Glycopeptide antibiotics, such as oritavancin, demonstrate significant activity against a wide range of bacteria. Methods for the treatment, prophylaxis and prevention of bacterial infection and disease in animals, including humans, using a single dose of oritavancin over the course of therapy, are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to complexes of transcription factor decoys, their delivery to bacteria and their formulation. In particular, the present invention resides in an antibacterial complex comprising a nucleic acid sequence and one or more delivery moieties selected from quaternary amine compounds; bis-aminoalkanes and unsaturated derivatives thereof, wherein the amino component of the aminoalkane is an amino group forming part of a heterocyclic ring; and an antibacterial peptide.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and systems for interfering with viability of bacteria and related compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates recombinant human ?1-antitrypsin (rhAAT) comprising N-linked glycans, wherein at least 10% of said N-linked glycans are tetra-antennary glycans; and the degree of capping with sialic acid on said N-linked glycans (Z/A) is at least 50%. The invention further relates to rhAAT for use as a medicament, in particular for use in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease associated with AAT deficiency, and/or a disease involving neutrophil-mediated tissue damage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to uses of a purified or isolated lectin to kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to method of treating or preventing an infection comprising administering a purified or isolated galectin to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the subject is at risk of, exhibiting symptoms of, or diagnosed with a pathogenic infection.

Abstract: This invention uses mesoporous silica nanoparticles and other nanostructured materials to formulate polyacrylate-based bone cement for achieving an enhanced and controlled elution of active ingredients such as antibiotics. This invention overcomes the limitation of low antibiotic release from commercial polyacrylate-based bone cements using for example, PMMA. In certain aspects, the formulation enables a sustained release of antibiotics from the bone cement over a period of 80 days and achieves 70% of total drug release, whereas the commercial antibiotic bone cement (e.g., SmartSet GHV) only releases about 5% of the antibiotics on the first day and subsequently an almost negligible amount. In addition, the mechanical properties of our formulated bone cements are well retained. The inventive bone cement exhibits good antibacterial properties and has very low cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblast cells.

Abstract: The present invention discloses polypeptides with antibacterial properties and use said polypeptides and/or polynucleotides encoding said polypeptides in the preparation of medicament for the treatment of infectious diseases. The inventors also provide vectors encoding and adapted for expression of the polypeptides and polynucleotides of the invention. The vectors may be used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of bacterial infections. Further, the vector of the invention may be used to reduce the load of bacteria in food and/or feed.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide analogues conjugated to carrier peptides are provided. The disclosed compounds are useful for the treatment of various diseases, for example diseases where inhibition of protein expression or correction of aberrant mRNA splice products produces beneficial therapeutic effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methods and pharmaceutical compositions useful for treating bacterial infections in humans and animals which comprises administering to a human or animal in need thereof, a synergistic combination of an inhibitor of LpxC and second antibacterial agent.

Abstract: Clostridium difficile disease involves a range of clinical presentations ranging from mild to self-limiting diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis and megacolon. Cases of C. difficile are treated differently depending on severity of disease. Mild and moderate cases may be treated with metronidazole while moderate-to-severe and relapsing cases are often treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin. The presence of C. difficile disease is detected using a biomarker panel that includes C. difficile antigen (GDH), toxins A and B, and fecal lactoferrin. In patients suspected of C. difficile disease, if GDH is detected indicating the presence of C. difficile, and then toxins A and/or B are detected to indicate toxigenic C. difficile and support a diagnosis of C. difficile-associated disease, fecal lactoferrin concentrations are measured to determine severity of the disease by indicating the amount of intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: Clostridium difficile disease involves a range of clinical presentations ranging from mild to self-limiting diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis and megacolon. Cases of C. difficile are treated differently depending on severity of disease. Mild and moderate cases may be treated with metronidazole while moderate-to-severe and relapsing cases are often treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin. The presence of C. difficile disease is detected using a biomarker panel that includes C. difficile antigen (GDH), toxins A and B, and fecal lactoferrin. In patients suspected of C. difficile disease, if GDH is detected indicating the presence of C. difficile, and then toxins A and/or B are detected to indicate toxigenic C. difficile and support a diagnosis of C. difficile-associated disease, fecal lactoferrin concentrations are measured to determine severity of the disease by indicating the amount of intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a composition for treating gastrointestinal or neurological disorders, constipation, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, travelers diarrhoea, chronic idiopathic nausea, IBD-associated constipation and diarrhoea, pseudo-obstruction, diabetic gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, reflux oesophagitis, autism enteropathy, flatulence, halitosis, chronic fatigue, bloating, proctalgia fugax, Parkinsons disease, MS, Alzheimers Disease, Motor Neurone Disease or autism, the composition comprising: (i) at least two anti-clostridial agents selected from the group consisting of: vancomycin, vancomycin derivatives, a multi-valent polymer of vancomycin, aminoglycosides, nitroimidazoles, ansamysins, nifuroxazide, colchicine, prucalopride, prokinetic agent and 5-aminosalicylic acid; or (ii) at least one anti-clostridial agent selected from the above combined with an opioid blocking agent.

Abstract: Cell lines having genetically modified glycosylation pathways that allow them to carry out a sequence of enzymatic reactions, which mimic the processing of glycoproteins in humans, have been developed. Recombinant proteins expressed in these engineered hosts yield glycoproteins more similar to their human counterparts. The lower eukaryotes, which ordinarily produce high-mannose containing N-glycans, including unicellular and multicellular fungi are modified to produce N-glycans such as Man5GlcNAc2 or other structures along human glycosylation pathways.

Abstract: The invention relates to derivatives of glycopeptide and lipoglycopeptide antibiotics possessing an altered ionization state with respect to the parent glycopeptide or lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, and having the ability to be regenerated as the parent glycopeptide or lipoglycopeptide antibiotic under physiological conditions. These compounds are useful as antibiotics for the prevention and/or the treatment of bacterial infections.

Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing a cyclodextrin and a therapeutically effective amount of a glycopeptide antibiotic or a salt thereof. Also disclosed are methods of treating a bacterial disease in a mammal by administering such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for treatment of bacterial infections. The composition may be a combination of factors, which include A0, A1, B1, B2, C0, C1, isoB0, and MAG, in the presence of low level solvent. Methods of the invention include administration of dalbavancin formulations for treatment of a bacterial infection, in particular a Gram-positive bacterial infection of skin and soft tissue. Dosing regimens include multiple dose administration of dalbavancin, which often remains at therapeutic levels in the bloodstream for at least one week, providing prolonged therapeutic action against a bacterial infection. Dosing regimens for renal patients are also included.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the management of vaginal health. In particular, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use thereof, for treating diseases associated with compromised boundary lubrication at the vaginal epithelium.

Abstract: A wound spacer device comprising multiple beads connected by non-absorbable suture material is disclosed. The device can be applied, for example, by a first responder to an injured individual, or can be applied by a trauma treatment facility, such as a Level 2 medical unit. In typical embodiments the device allows for site-specific controlled elution of an antimicrobial agent, such as Tobramycin, including defined elution over a period of time, such as 48 or 72 hours.

Abstract: Disclosed are glycopeptides that are substituted with one or more substituents each comprising one or more phosphono groups; and pharmaceutical compositions containing such glycopeptide derivatives. The disclosed glycopeptide derivatives are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: This invention provides cross-linked glycopeptide-cephalosporin compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as antibiotics. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds; methods for treating bacterial infections in a mammal using such compounds; and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A group of antimicrobial compounds shows effectiveness for preventing bacterial growth and bio film formation. In particular, the compounds are effective for preventing the growth of gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (“MRSA”) bacteria. The compounds include naturally-occurring compounds such as linoleyl ethanolamide, noladin ether, and anandamide, and man-made compounds such as CP55,640 [(?)-cis-3-[2-Hydroxy-4-(l,l-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-tran s-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol] and O-2050 [(6aR,10aR)-3-(l-Methanesulfonylamino-4-hexyn-6-yl)-6a, 7,10,1 Oa-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran]. Because these antibacterial compounds have unique modes of action and/or unique chemical scaffolds compared to traditional antibiotics, they are extremely useful against bacteria having resistances to antibiotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating composition for an implantable medical device, a method of coating a medical device and a device coated with the composition.

Abstract: The invention includes methods and compositions for remodeling a peptide molecule, including the addition or deletion of one or more glycosyl groups to a peptide, and/or the addition of a modifying group to a peptide.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides copolymers including a first monomer including at least one phospholipid possessing at least one vinyl group and a second monomer including a furanone possessing vinyl and/or acrylate groups. Compositions, medical devices, and coatings including such copolymers are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating or preventing infectious diseases, and inhibiting the ability of microbes to travel within mammalian cells, and inhibiting microbial replication, are disclosed. The compositions include various noscapine analogs, which are capable of blocking the movement of viruses and other microbes within mammalian and other cells by inhibiting the cytoplasmic transport mechanisms within the cells. The compositions described herein include an effective amount of the noscapine analogues described herein, along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. The compositions can also include one or more additional antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for enhancing the immunogenicity of a preselected protein or peptide antigen in a mammal. Immunogenicity is enhanced by fusing the preselected antigen to an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region to produce an Fc-antigen fusion protein. The Fc-antigen fusion proteins bind Fc receptors on the surface of antigen presenting cells, thereby targeting the antigen to the antigen presenting cells in the mammal. In addition, disclosed is a family of adjuvants, for example, an Fc-adjuvant fusion protein, for use in combination with the Fc-antigen fusion proteins to enhance or modulate a particular immune response against the preselected antigen.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a porous ceramic scaffold having an organic/inorganic hybrid composite coating layer containing a bioactive factor is disclosed. The method includes; forming a porous ceramic scaffold, mixing a silica xerogel and a physiologically active organic substance to prepare an organic/inorganic hybrid composite, adding a bioactive factor to the organic/inorganic hybrid composite, and filling the organic/inorganic composite containing the bioactive factor into a pore structure of the porous ceramic scaffold, thereby coating the porous ceramic scaffold. In accordance with the method, the porous ceramic scaffold may be uniformly coated with the organic/inorganic hybrid composite while maintaining an open pore structure, and stably discharge the bioactive factor over a long period of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of compositions comprising RegIII and HIP/PAP proteins, including the use of such proteins as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Abstract: Compositions, methods of making, and methods of using nanoclusters in which the nanoclusters comprise a plurality of nanoparticles having a core of nanoparticles arranged such that the surfaces of the nanoparticles contact adjacent nanoparticles, the nanoparticles comprise an active ingredient, and the nanocluster has a mass median aerodynamic diameter of from about 0.25 ?m to about 20 ?m.

Abstract: This invention provides cross-linked glycopeptide-cephalosporin compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as antibiotics. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds; methods for treating bacterial infections in a mammal using such compounds; and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides linked to backbones such as proteins, methods for making such oligosaccharides and methods for using them to treat and/or prevent various disorders are described.

Abstract: Glycopeptide antibiotics, such as oritavancin, demonstrate significant activity against a wide range of bacteria. Methods for the treatment, prophylaxis and prevention of bacterial infection and disease in animals, including humans, using a single dose of oritavancin over the course of therapy, are described.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulating HSP70 function, particularly for the targeted killing of cancer cells, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphonated Rifamycins, and methods of making and using such compounds. These compounds are useful as antibiotics for prophylaxis and/or the treatment of bone and joint infections, especially for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of osteomyelitis.

Abstract: A glycopeptide composition with improved antibiotic activity is disclosed, along with a method of preparing such a composition and a pharmaceutical composition made therefrom.

Abstract: A feed composition comprising conventional feed ingredients, peptidoglycan and nucleotides is described. The feed composition can be used to prevent or reduce infectious diseases, and prevent symptoms related to an infectious disease in an animal. There is also provided a method for feeding of fish by providing this feed composition in the period previous of the challenge by an infection, during the infection or after the infection.

Abstract: Methods for treating bacterial infections in the colon, and colonic disorders caused by bacterial infection, using a poorly absorbable form of Rifalazil, are described. Compositions for oral administration, and colonic delivery, of a non- micro-granulated Rifalazil formulation, are also described. Rifalazil is delivered in a form which is poorly absorbed in the gut after oral dosing, and the vast majority of the orally-dosed Rifalazil is not absorbed in the gut. Accordingly, the antibacterial potency in the colonic flora will be enhanced, while absorption and systemic circulation will be reduced, thus reducing potential adverse events.

Abstract: The present invention features methods and kits that utilize Ang-2 antagonists for the treatment, inhibition, and prevention of a systemic anthrax infection. The invention described herein also features methods for the diagnosis of a systemic anthrax infection by detecting elevated levels of Ang-2 in the serum of a subject.