Abstract: The present invention provides peptides and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for appetite suppression and weight control. Preferred peptides are calcitonin analogs, preferably with specific amino acid changes to make the peptide more amylin-like.

Abstract: Method of modulating appetite and/or body weight in a subject by administering to the subject an effective amount of a MIC-1 modulating agent. The agent is selected from (i) MIC-1 inhibiting agents which decrease the amount of endogenous MIC-1 in the subject, (ii) MIC-1 inhibiting agents which inhibit the activity of endogenous MIC-1 in the subject, (iii) MIC-1 enhancing agents which enhance the amount of endogenous MIC-1 in the subject, and (iv) MIC-1 enhancing agents which enhance the activity of endogenous MIC-1 in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I): wherein R1a is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R1m is hydrogen atom, etc.; G1, G2, G3 and G4 are (i), etc. ((i) G1 is —N(R1b)—, G2 is —CO—, G3 is —C(R1c)(R1d)—, and G4 is oxygen, etc.); R1b is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R1c and R1d are each independently optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R2 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R3a, R3b, R3c and R3d are each independently a group: -A-B (A is a single bond, etc., B is hydrogen atom, etc.), etc.; n is 1, etc.; R5 is C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, etc., or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is useful as a renin inhibitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique that facilitates the oral ingestion of adiponectin in a large quantity and enables the expansion of the range of use applications of adiponectin. Specifically disclosed is an appetite control agent for oral administration, which comprises adiponectin as an active ingredient. Particularly, the appetite control agent comprises a transformant capable of expressing adiponectin. Also specifically disclosed is a food composition for controlling appetite, which comprises the appetite control agent.

Abstract: Peptides are provided having leptin receptor agonist activity. The peptides are useful for treating obesity, type II diabetes, appetite control after bariatric surgery, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and hypothalamic amenorrhea, obesity-related infertility, among other diseases and conditions related to leptin deficiency and/or leptin resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide derivative selected from the group consisting of PEG20k(AL)-?-Ala-Tyr-Nal(1)-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2, PEG20k(AL)-?-Ala-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2, PEG20k(AL)-NpipAc-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2, PEG20k(AL)-NpipAc-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Phe-Arg-Ala-Arg-Asn-NH2, PEG20k(AL)-PEG(2)-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Phe-Arg-NMeAla-Arg-Asn-NH2, PEG20k(AL)-Pic(4)-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Phe-Arg-NMeAla-Arg-Asn-NH2, PEG20k(AL)-Acp-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Phe-Arg-NMeAla-Arg-Asn-NH2, and PEG20k(AL)-?-Ala-Tyr-Nal(2)-Leu-Pya(4)-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2; or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Compositions for enhancing satiety and weight loss in an individual, assays for assessing a tastant for enhancing satiety and weight loss, and methods of using the composition to suppress appetite and enhance weight loss are provided.

Abstract: Compositions for enhancing satiety and weight loss in an individual, assays for assessing a tastant for enhancing satiety and weight loss, and methods of using the composition to suppress appetite and enhance weight loss are provided.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a guanylyl cyclase C agonist formulated for sustained specific release of an amount effective to suppress appetite when administered orally to an individual are disclosed. Compositions comprising a guanylyl cyclase C agonist formulated for intravenous delivery in an amount effective to suppress appetite when administered intravenously to an individual are also disclosed. Methods of suppressing appetite in an individual are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides novel nucleic acids and polypeptides, referred to herein as stresscopin 1 and stresscopin 2, which preferentially activate the CRH-R2 receptor over the R1 receptor. Stresscopins, analogs and mimetics, and related CRH-R2 agonists suppress food intake and heat-induced edema; but do not induce substantial release of ACTH. Stresscopin also finds use in the recovery phase of stress responses, as an anti-inflammatory agent, as a hypotensive agent, as a cardioprotective agent, and in the treatment of psychiatric and anxiolytic disorders. Stresscopin nucleic acid compositions find use in identifying homologous or related proteins and the DNA sequences encoding such proteins; in producing compositions that modulate the expression or function of the protein; and in studying associated physiological pathways.

Abstract: This invention relates to isolated nucleic acids comprising genes of human chromosome 12q23-qter and the proteins encoded by these genes. Expression vectors and host cells containing such genes or fragments thereof, as well as antibodies to the proteins encoded by these nucleic acids are also included herein.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for decreasing calorie intake, food intake, and appetite in a subject. The methods include peripherally administering PYY or an agonist thereof and GLP-1 or an agonist thereof to the subject, simultaneously or sequentially, thereby decreasing the calorie intake of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to obesity related polypeptides (ORPs), related nucleic acids, expression constructs, host cells, and processes production of the obesity related polypeptides. The ORPs of the invention include one or more amino acid sequence modifications. In addition, methods and compositions are disclosed to treat and prevent metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and increased cardiovascular risk.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating obesity involving satiation gut peptide administration to the mouth of a subject for a predetermined dose and frequency. In other embodiments, materials and methods of treating certain psychological disorders are disclosed involving satiation gut peptides. In exemplary embodiments, the satiation gut peptide pertains to PYY.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peptide compounds which are effective in modulating one or more melanocortin receptor types, to the use of the compounds in therapy, to methods of treatment comprising administration of the compounds to patients in need thereof, and to the use of the compounds in the manufacture of medicaments. The compounds of the invention are of particular interest in relation to the treatment of obesity as well as a variety of diseases or conditions associated with obesity.

Abstract: The invention features peptides for the treatment or prevention of obesity, diabetes or co-morbidities of obesity; for reduction of appetite, food intake, calorie intake, body weight, or body weight gain; and for increase of energy expenditure in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention features a compound having the formula A-X-B, where A is peptide vector capable of enhancing transport of the compound across the blood-brain barrier or into particular cell types, X is a linker, and B is a GLP-1 agonist (e.g., exendin-4 or an exendin-4 analog). The compounds of the invention can be used to treat any disease where increased GLP-1 activity is desired, for example, metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns thirteen novel variants of alternative splicing of the obesity and/or diabetes related genes.

Abstract: Compounds that bind the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) receptor are provided including compounds which are modulators of the GLP-1 receptors and compounds which are capable of inducing a stabilizing effect on the receptor for use in structural analyses of the GLP-1 receptor. Methods of synthesis, methods of therapeutic and/or prophylactic use, and methods of use in stabilizing GLP-1 receptor in vitro for crystallization of the GLP-1 receptor of such compounds are provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a peptide product having cholecystokinin secretion promoting effect, said process comprising hydrolyzing soybean residues with one or more proteases so that the peptide product having cholecystokinin secretion promoting effect is obtained. Also disclosed is the composition containing the peptide product and the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of treatment that induce satiety in a subject for a period of at least around twenty-four hours by once-daily administration to the subject of a controlled release dosage form, wherein the dosage form is administered while the subject is in the fasted state and at a time of around six to around nine hours prior to the subject's next intended meal, and wherein the dosage form comprises a controlled release composition, which comprises an enterically-coated, ileum hormone-stimulating amount of a nutritional substance and releases the majority of the nutritional substance in vivo upon reaching the subject's ileum. The invention also provides a diagnostic tool for probing the health and disease state of the ileal hormones, excess or deficiencies. The invention provides a safe vehicle for targeted deliveries of chemical, pharmaceuticals, natural substances and nutrition to the ileum.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for preventing, treating or controlling conditions or disorders associated with obesity, diet and nutrition are provided. The methods provided generally involve the administration of an Amylin or an Amylin agonist to a subject in order to prevent, treat or control conditions or disorders associated with obesity, diet and nutrition.

Abstract: The present invention provides protein hydrolysate compositions having enhanced cholecystokinin (CCK) releasing activity that can be used to promote satiety.

Abstract: A method for treating obesity and more particularly a method for treating diet-induced obesity in a subject comprising administering to said subject an isolated unacylated ghrelin peptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, a fragment thereof or a cyclic fragment thereof such as a cyclic unacylated ghrelin fragment. The method being achievable without affecting the food intake of the subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel salts and solvates of macrocyclic compounds that bind to and/or are functional agonists of the ghrelin (growth hormone secretagogue) receptor. The invention also relates to polymorphs of these salts and solvates, pharmaceutical compositions containing these salts or solvates, and methods of using the pharmaceutical compositions. These pharmaceutical compositions are useful as therapeutics for a range of disease indications, in particular, for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders including, but not limited to, postoperative ileus, gastroparesis, including diabetic and postsurgical gastroparesis, opioid bowel dysfunction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, short bowel syndrome, functional gastrointestinal disorders and gastrointestinal dysmotility, such as that occurring in conjunction with other disease states, in critical care situations or as a result of treatment with pharmaceutical agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and products for the treatment of obesity. The invention discloses a method of treating obesity related disease in a mammal in need of such treatment comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a composition which causes the continued down regulation of the NPY-1 or NPY-5 receptor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating a subject suffering from a muscle wasting disorder comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective dose of leptin, leptin analog or leptin derivative.

Abstract: The invention is in the field of weight management, in particular in the field of weight management by influencing the mechanisms of body-weight regulation. Intact pea protein and intact wheat protein were found to be effective in reducing appetite or inducing or increasing satiety when brought into contact with their receptors in the duodenum. Since it is known that intact proteins hydrolyse in the gastrointestinal tract, intact pea protein and intact wheat protein will not exhibit their satiating effect when ingested in a conventional oral preparation. Therefore, special care should be taken to deliver the intact proteins to the duodenum in order for them to arrive there intact. One object of the invention may therefore be achieved by incorporating the intact protein in an enteric delivery vehicle.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to peptides including tripeptides and to methods for pharmaceutical treatment of mammals using such tripeptides and analogs thereof. More specifically, the invention is directed to neuropeptide Y (“NPY”) receptor antagonists and agonists including O-glycosylated tripeptides, i.e. O-glycopeptides, and extended tripeptides, and their analogs, as well as to PYY analogs, to pharmaceutical compositions containing such tripeptides and PYY analogs, and to methods of treatment of mammals using such tripeptides and PYY analogs. In addition, the invention relates to methods of treatment of mammals using such tripeptides and PYY analogs for control of appetite, blood pressure, cardiovascular response, libido, and circadian rhythm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, in one aspect, to use of ghrelin splice variant or an analogue thereof for the preparation of a medicament for one or more of: treatment and/or prevention of loss of body weight and body fat, prophylaxis or treatment of cachexia, stimulation of appetite, stimulation of food intake, stimulation of weight gain, or increasing body fat mass, or increasing body lean mass. Another aspect relates to the use of a ghrelin splice variant-like compound for the preparation of a medicament for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer cachexia in an individual in need of such treatment. Another aspect relates to the use of a ghrelin splice variant-like compound for the preparation of a medicament for prophylaxis or treatment of cachexia in an individual by administering a subcutaneous dosage of said medicament to the individual.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to high protein dietary supplements for treating various symptoms and diseases associated with protein deficiency including weight gain, obesity, catabolic diseases, fibromyalgia, anxiety reactions, posttraumatic stress and chronic fatigue syndrome. Embodiments of dietary supplements comprise combinations of proteins, essential and semi-essential amino acids including L-Lysine, L-Arginine, and/or L-Histidine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polynucleotides, polypeptides and peptide fragments thereof, and uses thereof for a novel cDNA sequence which has homology to motilin. Tissue distribution of the mRNA for the novel polypeptide is specific to the stomach, small intestine and pancreas. The present invention further includes agonists, antagonists, antibodies, host cells expressing the cDNA encoding the novel motilin homologs and methods for increasing gastric motility using the novel molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a mutant CRP molecule in which tyrosine 175 is replaced by leucine (Y175L CRP) or the leucine 176 is replaced by glutamic acid (L176E CRP) for the treatment of various disease states and conditions associated with SLE, including lupus of the skin (discoid), systemic lupus of the joints, lungs and kidneys, hematological conditions including hemolytic anemia and low lymphocyte counts, lymphadenopathy and CNS effects, including memory loss, seizures and psychosis, among numerous others as otherwise disclosed herein. In another aspect of the invention, the reduction in the likelihood that a patient who is at risk for an outbreak of a disease state or condition associated with SLE will have an outbreak is an additional aspect of the present invention. The present invention relates to the use of mutant Y175L CRP or L176E CRP in the treatment of a number of disease states or conditions that occur secondary to systemic lupus SLE.

Abstract: The present invention provides Oxyntomodulin peptide analogues useful in the treatment of diabetes and/or obesity.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for identifying compounds which modulate the interaction between STAT3 an SP1. A peptide is provided which is able to bind STAT3 and interfere with the interaction of STAT3 and SP1. The invention provides methods for identifying compounds which are capable of binding to the peptide and thus release interference with the interaction between STAT3 and SP1, as well as methods for identifying inhibitors and enhancers of the STAT3 SP1 interaction. Compounds identified by the methods of the invention are useful in the repression or stimulation of appetite in a patient, useful for the treatment of leptin resistance, obesity and anorexia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel peptide compounds which are effective in modulating one or more melanocortin receptor types, to the use of the compounds in therapy, to methods of treatment comprising administration of the compounds to patients in need thereof, and to the use of the compounds in the manufacture of medicaments. The compounds of the invention are of particular interest in relation to the treatment of obesity as well as a variety of diseases or conditions associated with obesity.

Abstract: Glucagon analogs are disclosed that exhibit both glucagon antagonist and GLP-1 agonist activity. In one embodiment, the glucagon antagonist/GLP-1 agonist comprises a modified amino acid sequence of native glucagon, in which the first one to five N-terminal amino acids of native glucagon is deleted and in which the alpha helix is stabilized.

Abstract: Compositions containing a therapeutic peptide covalently linked to Vitamin B12 at the 5?-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety of ?-ligand are described. The length of the linkage is optimized so that the biological activity of both the Vitamin B12 and the therapeutic peptide is maintained. Therapeutic peptides for conjugation with vitamin B12 include insulin, PYY, NPY and GLP-1. Attachment to Vitamin B12 provides uptake of the therapeutic peptide from the digestive tract and longer residence time.

Abstract: A substance is described which can prevent or treat a disease associated with the secretion of an acid. A calcium receptor activator is the active ingredient in a composition which promotes bicarbonate secretion in a gastrointestinal tract. Examples of the calcium receptor activator include ?-Glu-X-Gly, wherein X represents an amino acid or an amino acid derivative, ?-Glu-Val-Y, wherein Y represents an amino acid or an amino acid derivative, ?-Glu-Ala, ?-Glu-Gly, ?-Glu-Cys, ?-Glu-Met, ?-Glu-Thr, ?-Glu-Val, ?-Glu-Orn, Asp-Gly, Cys-Gly, Cys-Met, Glu-Cys, Gly-Cys, Leu-Asp, ?-Glu-Met(O), ?-Glu-?-Glu-Val, ?-Glu-Val-NH2, ?-Glu-Val-ol, ?-Glu-Ser, ?-Glu-Tau, ?-Glu-Cys(S-Me)(O), ?-Glu-Leu, ?-Glu-Ile, ?-Glu-t-Leu, and ?-Glu-Cys(S-Me).

Abstract: Prodrug formulations of bioactive polypeptides are provided wherein the bioactive polypeptide has been modified by the linkage of a dipeptide to the bioactive polypeptide through an ester linkage. The prodrugs disclosed herein in some embodiments have extended half lives of at least 1.5 hours (e.g., at least 10 hours), and more typically greater than 20 hours and less than 70 hours, and are converted to the active form at physiological conditions through a non-enzymatic reaction driven by chemical instability.

Abstract: Methods of decreasing appetite for food intake by administering bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), e.g., BMP7, or agonists/peptidomimetics thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fish protein hydrolysate containing molecules capable of exerting a satietogenic activity and of regulating food intake in humans or animals. More specifically, the protein hydrolysate according to the invention enables stimulation of the secretion of endogenous cholescystokinins (CCKs) and of endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) molecules by intestinal cells and the supply of exogenous CCKs. The fish protein hydrolysate according to the invention is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of at least one protein source selected from the group composed of the pelagic fish species Micromesistius poutassou, Clupea harengus, Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus, Trisopterus esmarki and Trachurus spp.

Abstract: The present inventors have found that collagen hydrolysate can be favorably used for the preparation of an edible composition for limiting voluntary food intake and hence are suitable for prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity.

Abstract: GLP-1(1-45) or a fragment or an analogue thereof can be used in the preparation of a medicament for peripheral administration in the suppression of appetite or induction of satiety.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for use in the prevention or treatment of excess weight in a mammal. The compositions comprise oxyntomodulin which is shown to reduce food intake and/or increase energy expenditure.

Abstract: The invention provides analogs of PYY. The invention also provides compositions and methods useful for controlling biological activities such as cell proliferation, nutrient transport, lipolysis, and intestinal water and electrolyte secretion.

Abstract: Methods for treating obesity or obesity related disorders are disclosed. These methods include the use of anti-obesity agents directed to the forebrain in combination with anti-obesity agents directed to the hindbrain.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptides and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for appetite suppression and weight control. Preferred peptides are calcitonin analogs, preferably with specific amino acid changes to make the peptide more amylin-like.

Abstract: The expression of a mRNA encoding a putative 76 amino acid, secreted protein (“Enho1”) was found to negatively correlate with fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels. A recombinant adenovirus was used to increase the expression of Enho1 mRNA in two mouse models of obesity, KK-Ay and Lepob/Lepob mice. Over-expression of Enho1 by adenovirus injection significantly, and reproducibly, reduced fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in both models. In addition, transgenic mice strains were made that over express Enho1 protein. Additionally, the expression of a key gene involved in lipogenesis (fatty acid synthase) and FAS protein levels were reduced by ENHO1 adenoviral treatment in Lepob/Lepob mice.

Abstract: Analogue of human Pancreatic Polypeptide which differs from native human pancreatic polypeptide in respect of amino acid substitutions at one or more residues; and also uses of one or more of said compounds, methods that use one of more of said compounds, compositions comprising one or more of said compounds; and methods of making said compounds.