Abstract: A method of preventing or inhibiting L-cystine crystallization is disclosed, using the compounds of formula I: R1a—[O]v-(-A-L-)m-A-[O]v—R1b??I wherein A, L, R1a, R1b, m, and v are as described herein. The compounds may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions, and may be used for the prevention and treatment of conditions that are causally related to L-cystine crystallization, such as comprising (but not limited to) kidney stones.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel precursors suitable for 18F radiolabeling of glutamate derivatives, methods for preparing such compounds and its intermediates, compositions comprising such compounds, kits comprising such compounds or compositions and methods for 18F radiolabeling of glutamate derivatives wherein the obtained 18F radiolabeled glutamate derivatives are suitable for diagnostic imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of proliferative diseases e.g. tumor in mammals.

Abstract: Formulations of pesticides are disclosed, specifically pesticidal blends of essential oils and other ingredients, that have been found to enhance the activity of the active pesticidal ingredients. The formulations may be, for example, emulsions or dust formulations. For example, a composition for controlling a target pest is disclosed that comprises at least one active agent and a formulation agent, wherein: the active agent is capable of interacting with a receptor in the target pest; the active agent has a first activity against the target pest when applied without the formulation agent and the composition has a second activity against the target pest; and the second activity is greater than the first activity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to wetting agent compositions and methods for making and using the wetting agent compositions. The compositions of the invention include a sheeting agent, a defoaming agent, and an association disruption agent. The wetting agent compositions of the present invention result in a faster draining/drying time on most substrates compared to conventional wetting agents. The wetting agent compositions of the present invention are especially suitable for use on plastic substrates.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a pest control composition capable of exerting a high effect on pests such as spider mites and aphids even at low concentration using a food/food additive with high safety to the human body and the environment. The present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problem and found that, among polyglycerol fatty acid esters widely used as a food additive, a composition containing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester which has an HLB of 5 or less and is liquid at ordinary temperature and also a nonionic surfactant has a high effect on pests even at low concentration, and that the possibility for pests to develop resistance to the composition is extremely low, and the present invention has been completed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions of dimethyl fumarate exhibiting reduced gastrointestinal irritation and related side effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of a lipid composition for the preparation of a nutritional, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical composition or a functional food, for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders, and for promoting intestinal development, maturation, adaptation and differentiation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are crystalline forms of (N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)methyl methyl (2E)but-2-ene-1,4-dioate, which is a prodrug of methyl hydrogen fumarate. Crystalline form 1, Crystalline form 2, Crystalline 3, and Crystalline form 4 are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and diagnostic tests for treating and diagnosing proliferative disorders, such as cancel-, that result in dysregulation of malic enzyme 2. In particular, the methods and compositions include monotherapy with malate, or a derivative thereof, as well as combination therapy, such as malate, or a derivative thereof, combined with another therapeutic agent, such as a malic enzyme 2 inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a glycolysis inhibitor, an antiangiogenic agent, an immunomodulatory agent, an antibody, or a cytokine.

Abstract: Method for improving the feed efficiency in poultry husbandry wherein poultry is provided with a compound directly upon hatching, the compound being selected from a lactylate in accordance with formula 1, or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof, R2-COO—[—CH(CH3)-COO]n-R1??Formula 1 a glycolylate of formula 2, or a Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe(II), Zn, NH4, or Cu(II) salt thereof. R2-COO—[—CH2-COO]n-R1??Formula 2: a lactate ester of formula 3, HO—CH(CH3)-COO—R2??Formula 3: and/or a glycolic acid ester of formula 4, HO—CH2-COO—R2??Formula 4: In the above formulas R1 is selected from H, n stands for an integer with value of 1-10, and R2 stands for C1-C35 alkyl or alkenyl chain, which may be branched or unbranched. The effective compound provided to poultry is dosed level in a first part of their life-span higher than the dose level in other part of their life span.

Abstract: Estolide compounds that may be suitable for use in personal care and cosmetic formulations, and method of preparing the same. The estolides can be tailored to exhibit the desired viscometric and lubricity properties, while retaining or even improving other properties desirable in such products.

Abstract: The present invention describes a new moisturizing composition comprising a mixture of esters of one or more alkoxylated polyols and finds use in the formulation of cosmetics for the skin. The composition of the present invention can be in the solid form or in the liquid form, in which case is also comprises one or more surfactants, emollients and, optionally, water. The moisturizing composition described herein is compatible with a large variety of emollients and additional ingredients used in cosmetic formulations, and has shown to be able to maintain the skin hydrated for 24 hours.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for modulating quorum sensing in microbes. The compounds are AI-2 analogs and as such have structures similar to 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione that can act as agonists/antagonists of quorum sensing. The compounds are useful for modulating quorum sensing in bacteria and can be used in methods for prophylaxis or therapy of bacterial infections and for reduction of biofilms.

Abstract: Methods of improving patient safety and reducing undesirable side effects for patients considering therapeutic treatment using monomethyl fumarate and prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate are disclosed. In particular, a method of treating a disease in a patient in need of such treatment is provided. The method comprises testing the patient for a propensity for a deficiency in tissue glutathione S-transferase theta 1 enzyme (GSTT1) levels. Thereafter, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from monomethyl fumarate (MMF), a prodrug of monomethyl fumarate, and combinations thereof is administered to the patient. During the treatment of the disease, blood lymphocyte concentration is periodically tested in the patient at a predetermined time interval length that is based on the enzyme level propensity testing result.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical compounds and nutritional supplements that are acetylated derivatives of naturally occurring amino acids and acetylated derivatives of peptides derived from naturally occurring amino acids containing hydroxyl groups. They are as useful as anti-platelet drugs, and as nutritional supplements.

Abstract: The invention provides a repellent to harmful flying insects which comprises as an effective ingredient at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, acetylated monoglyceride, organic acid monoglyceride, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, fatty acid, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan, and soybean oil fatty acid methyl ester; a method for repelling harmful flying insects which comprises the step of applying the repellent to a plant to which the insects are harmful.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for enhancing, improving or increasing fertility or reproductive function. For example, the present disclosure is directed to a method for enhancing, improving, or increasing a female human's likelihood of becoming pregnant comprising: administering to the human a nutritional, dietary, or food fatty acid supplement comprising: at least 30% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), by weight of the total fatty acids in the supplement in a form chosen from ethyl ester, free fatty acid, and triglyceride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to controlled release pharmaceutical compositions comprising fumaric acid ester(s) as active substance(s). The compositions are suitable for use in the treatment of e.g. psoriasis or other hyperproliferative, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and are designated to release the fumaric acid ester in a controlled manner so that local high concentrations of the active substance within the gastrointestinal tract upon oral administration can be avoided and, thereby, enabling a reduction in gastro-intestinal related side effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of one or more oligomers of lactic acid or a lactic acid oligomeric product for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a disease or condition that benefits from an acidic environment, especially a gynaecological infection including a bacterial infection such as bacterial vaginosis, unspecific colpitis, senile colpitis, cervicitis, and urethritis, a fungal infection, such as candidosis (Candida albicans), cryptococcosis, actinomycosis, or a viral infection, such as Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of glycerol esters (triglycerides) of medium-chain length monocarboxylic fatty acids which consists of the reaction of the precursor free fatty acid and glycerol in the presence of a catalyst under partial vacuum. The process preferably uses a metal catalyst such as an oxide or a chloride of tungsten, molybdenum, calcium, zinc, chromium or magnesium. The method of the invention allows the preparation in high yield and high purity (>99.5%) of the final triglyceride. The present method allows the formation of triglycerides without solvent. Are also contemplated, the triglyceride obtained by the method, and the pharmaceutical composition containing the triglyceride as an excipient or as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous ophthalmic composition comprising (A) polyoxyethylene castor oil, (B) polyethylene glycol monostearate, and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of sesame oil, castor oil, vitamin A, and chlorobutanol.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oil-in-water cosmetic excellent in emulsion stability. The oil-in-water cosmetic includes (a) oil-droplet particles consisting of an oil component to be emulsified; (b) vesicle particles for stabilizing the oil-droplet particles; and (c) an aqueous phase containing water and a monohydric aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is preferred that the vesicle particles are formed with an amphiphilic substance which spontaneously forms vesicle particles, and that they are localized on surfaces of the oil-droplet particles. It is preferred that the amphiphilic substance be a polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil derivative represented by the following formula (I), wherein E=L+M+N+X+Y+Z, and that said E which represents the average addition mole number of ethylene oxide is 10 to 20.

Abstract: The invention provides method for sequestering or trapping L-lactate in or near a tumor cell comprising contacting an isolated polymer of D-lactic acid (PDLA) or an equivalent, derivative or analog thereof with the tumor cell so that the PDLA binds L-lactate in or near the cell and thereby sequestering or trapping L-lactate in or near the tumor cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ophthalmic formulation comprising a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 is a linear or branched C9-C33 alkyl or a linear or branched C9-C33 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; R2 is a linear or branched C9-C19 alkyl or a linear or branched C9-C19 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; and an ophthalmologically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cocrystals of dimethyl fumarate, which is a prodrug of methyl hydrogen fumarate.

Abstract: An oral controlled-release multiparticulate dosage form comprises a plurality of individually enteric coated particulates containing an L-carnitine that independently disperse in a patient's stomach after oral ingestion and travel through the stomach and past the pyloric sphincter without substantially releasing the L-carnitine in the stomach. The individual particulates contain (a) a solid core containing the L-carnitine, (b) a subcoating containing a cellulosic water soluble polymer over the core, and (c) an enteric coating over the subcoating. The dosage form may be used to treat conditions associated with a reduction of the amount of L-carnitine in the body.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oligomeric lactic acid composition comprising one or more oligomers of lactic acid or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an oligomeric lactic acid composition for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a disease or condition that benefits from an acidic environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating and/or preventing Huntington disease and other polyglutamine diseases, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a precursor of propionyl-CoA to an individual in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a highly concentrated licorice polyphenol preparation with high bioavailability. Further, this invention is intended to maintain high transparency of a composition without deterioration of the indigenous properties of an aqueous substance, even when such composition is added thereto. Such licorice polyphenol preparation comprises a hydrophobic licorice extract comprising licorice polyphenol as a primary component, medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the ratio of the total weight of the hydrophobic licorice extract and medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride to the weight of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester is between 1:1 and 1:10.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a biocompatible composite and method for its use in repairing tissue defects, including defects in cartilage. The biocompatible composite includes a fibrous polymeric component and a polymerizable agent, which is capable of forming the biocompatible composite in situ at the site of a tissue defect. In embodiments, the repair site at which the biocompatible composite is to be applied may be treated with a priming agent, permitting polymerization of the polymerizable agent to the tissue located at the repair site.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anorectic agent comprising palmitoleic acid as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Disclosed are petrolatum-like compositions that include metathesized unsaturated polyol esters. Also disclosed are emulsions that include metathesized unsaturated polyol esters. The petrolatum-like compositions may be used as substitutes for petroleum-based petrolatum. The emulsions may be water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions and may be suitable for a variety of end uses.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compositions of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprises a salt of metformin and the methods for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, lipid disorders, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to compounds having the formula: where R1-R5 and X are as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have neprilysin inhibition activity. In another aspect, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; methods of using such compounds; and processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Improved oral dosage forms of methyl hydrogen fumarate and prodrugs thereof are disclosed. Methods of treating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis using such dosage forms are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved oral dosage forms of methyl hydrogen fumarate and prodrugs thereof are disclosed. Methods of treating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis using such dosage forms are also disclosed.

Abstract: Beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salts in combination with medium chain fatty acids or an ester thereof such as medium chain triglycerides were used to induce ketosis, achieving blood ketone levels of (2-7 mmol/L), with or without dietary restriction. The combination results in substantial improvements in metabolic biomarkers related to insulin resistance, diabetes, weight loss, and physical performance in a short period of time. Further, use of these supplements to achieve ketosis yields a significant elevation of blood ketones and reduction of blood glucose levels. Use of these substances does not adversely affect lipid profiles. By initiating rapid ketosis and accelerating the rate of ketoadaptation, this invention is useful for the avoidance of glucose withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced by individuals initiating a ketogenic diet, and minimizes the loss of lean body mass during dietary restriction.

Abstract: Methods of reducing undesirable side effects during therapeutic treatment using monomethyl fumarate and prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention refers to thymoquinone, a main constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa, and its protective effect against sepsis syndrome morbidity, mortality and associated organ dysfunctions. In particular, the present invention refers to thymoquinone for use in the prevention and/or treatment of sepsis syndrome. The present invention further refers to a pharmaceutical composition and a kit.

Abstract: Provided is a gelling agent containing N-acyl acidic amino acid dialkylamide having a DL form ratio (D form/L form (weight/weight)) of 5/95-20/80 or 80/20-95/5, and using the gelling agent, a gel composition, particularly a rod-like gel composition, superior in transparency and strength, and superior in compatibility and spreadability when applied to the skin, hair and the like is provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the foregoing. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, other disorders or conditions that are beneficially treated by improving nocturnal sleep or by administering sodium oxybate.

Abstract: The invention relates to nitroso derivatives including carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid esters of hydroxy nitroso compounds that donate nitroxyl (HNO) under physiological conditions. The compounds and compositions of the invention are useful in treating and/or preventing the onset and/or development of diseases or conditions that are responsive to nitroxyl therapy, including heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer.

Abstract: Prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, pharmaceutical compositions comprising prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate, and methods of using prodrugs of methyl hydrogen fumarate and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating diseases such as psoriasis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of treating neurological disorders characterized by extensive demyelination and/or axonal loss are provided. Examples of such disorders include secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and Devic's disease. The disclosed methods include administering to a subject having such a disorder a therapeutically effective amount of, for example, dimethyl fumarate or monomethyl fumarate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to microbial oils that are enriched in their content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, their esters, their acid salts, alcohols formed therefrom, and/or aldehydes formed therefrom. The present invention is further directed to compositions containing the enriched microbial oils and methods of making and using the enriched microbial oils. The present invention is also directed to isolated microorganisms as well as strains and mutants thereof, biomasses, microbial oils, compositions, and cultures; methods of producing the microbial oils, biomasses, and mutants; and methods of using the isolated microorganisms, biomasses, and microbial oils.

Abstract: The use of propionyl L-carnitine for treating disturbances of the skin such as cellulite is described.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of compounds, immunogenic compositions and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with Toll-Like Receptors 2. In one aspect, the compounds are useful as adjuvants for enhancing the effectiveness of a vaccine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of preventing a psychotic disorder in a subject in need of intervention including administering to the subject a composition including EPA (eicosapentanoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Methods of treating pre-psychotic symptoms in a subject, including administering to the subject a composition including EPA and DHA are also included.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating or protecting mucosal tissues from damage associated with radiation and/or chemotherapy. Specifically, the instant invention is directed to inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins and the use of such inhibitors in treating or protecting the gastrointestinal tract from damage associated with radiation.

Abstract: A composition including a triglyceride containing glycerol which is esterified with three fatty acids, wherein the three fatty acids include at least one fatty acid selected from caprylic acid, capric acid, ?-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. The total amount of caprylic acid, capric acid, a-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid is greater than 60%, based on the total weight of the fatty acids in a base or starting emulsion. The various physical mixtures of triglycerides containing the primary therapeutic fatty acid can be blended to form pre-defined amounts for the treatment of various acute pathological conditions.