Abstract: A method for increasing bioavailability of an orally administered hydrophobic pharmaceutical compound, which comprises orally administering the pharmaceutical compound to a mammal in need of treatment with the compound concurrently with a bioenhancer comprising an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 3A enzyme or an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein-mediated membrane transport, the bioenhancer being present in sufficient amount to provide bioavailability of the compound in the presence of the bioenhancer greater than the bioavailability of the compound in the absence of the bioenhancer.

Abstract: A non-toxic arthropod control composition is disclosed for application to foliage for plant protection. The composition includes behavior interfering compounds, agricultural oil and/or surface active compounds and diluents. The behavior interfering compounds may be any known conventional compound capable of interrupting or altering the normal behavioral sequences of the target. The agricultural oil can be a vegetable oil.

Abstract: A method for removing lice eggs from the hair of an infested human or animal using a nit-visualizing composition. The composition involves the use of certain dyes which have an affinity to the surface of nits, to thereby enable a second individual to more easily see and remove the eggs during a combing or other removal process. To effectuate this purpose, a colored material is dispersed within a water- or alcohol-based solvent and, in one embodiment, a liquefied propellant as well. The composition is applied to the hair of the infested human or animal, and then removed after drying by a process of brushing or washing. However, the colored material which adsorbs to the chitinous exoskeleton and binding cement of the lice eggs remains on the nits, thereby facilitating visual identification and removal of the lice eggs from hair.

Abstract: Cyano and carboxy derivatives of substituted styrenes are inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor .alpha., nuclear factor .kappa.B, and phosphodiesterase and can be used to combat cachexia, endotoxic shock, retrovirus replication, asthma, and inflammatory conditions. A typical embodiment is 3,3-bis-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Significant concentrations of naphthalene were detected in carton nests of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, collected from Florida, Hawaii, and Louisiana. This is the first report of naphthalene being associated with termites or any other insects. Naphthalene and other compounds associated with termite carton nests may be used to increase termite bait acceptance. New attractant molecules include 2-phenoxyethanol. New feeding stimulants include ergosterol. A list of volatile compounds associated with termite nests is presented, compounds that may be used to detect termite nests.

Abstract: Closely related formulations of GRAS food additives serve as insect repellents, insecticides and larvicides. The ingredients of the repellent, insecticide and larvicide also exhibit useful disinfectant properties against vector-borne pathogenic micro-organisms.

Abstract: A method of treating bacterial infection is disclosed. The method comprises the step of applying to a plant having a bacterial infection a composition comprising a xylene source and a wood rosin source, wherein xylene and wood rosin from the xylene source and wood rosin source are present in amounts effective to treat bacterial infection in the plant.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the discovery that condensation polymers of an aldehyde and aromatic sulfonic acids and fractions thereof, such as formaldehyde naphthalene-sulfonic acid condensation polymers, can abrogate HIV gp120 binding to CD4, as demonstrated in CD4/gp120 binding assays. In addition to gp120 binding inhibition, the compounds have been shown to inhibit HIV-induced syncytia formation and infectivity of CD+ cells. The use of this compound has been shown to be non-cytotoxic and non-inhibitory to antigen induced T lymphocyte proliferation. Based on these findings, these compounds can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as AIDS-related complex (ARC), AIDS-related dementia and non-symptomatic HIV infection. The compounds can also be used to treat blood preparations.

Abstract: Closely related formulations of GRAS food additives serve as insect repellents, insecticides and larvicides. The ingredients of the repellent, insecticide and larvicide also exhibit useful disinfectant properties against vector-borne pathogenic microorganisms.

Abstract: The new compound 3,4-diphenyl-3-hexene has valuable pharmaceutical properties and is suitable for the treatment of diseases that are associated with degenerate cell growth in particular for the treatment of liver cancer and psoriasis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel formulations and combinations of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants and the use thereof in the therapeutic, foodstuff, dietetic, and cosmetic fields. These formulations are based on the use of carotenoids, procarotenoids and derivatives thereof with polyphenols of catechic structures. Said formulations, containing a lipophilic antioxidant and an hydrophilic one, can be used in the prevention of physiopatological conditions related at least partially to an over-production of free radicals, particularly aging, atherosclerosis and cancer.

Abstract: Organoselenones of the formulaR.sub.1 --Se(O.sub.2)--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Xwherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, vinyl, acetylenyl, and aralkyl, n is an integer equal to 2 to 6 and X is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of halides, sulfonates and selenones; were surprisingly found to be useful as alkylating agents which possessed a high degree of selectivity for nitrogen nucleophiles without the usual increased preference for sulfur nucleophiles. This property allows the effective use of these compounds as anti-cancer alkylating agents suitable for use in drug-resistant cell lines which display either thiol mediated drug resistance or MER(+)-mediated drug resistance. Two methods of synthesizing these compounds are also provided.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the discovery that condensation polymers of an aldehyde and aromatic sulfonic acids and fractions thereof, such as formaldehyde naphthalene-sulfonic acid condensation polymers, can abrogate HIV gp120 binding to CD4, as demonstrated in CD4/gp120 binding assays. In addition to gp120 binding inhibition, the compounds have been shown to inhibit HIV-induced syncytia formation and infectivity of CD+ cells. The use of this compound has been shown to be non-cytotoxic and non-inhibitory to antigen induced T lymphocyte proliferation. Based on these findings, these compounds can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as AIDS-related complex (ARC), AIDS-related dementia and non-symptomatic HIV infection. The compounds can also be used to treat blood preparations.

Abstract: Preparations from aromatic plants that are insecticidal or are insect behaviorally active, are used to control the development of insect populations. Leaves are milled or out drying to a small average particle size. Extracts and vapors may also be used. The resultant preparation, when contacted dry commodities or structures such as books or carpets, grain bins feed/flour mills, equipment, greenhouse or ornamental plants infested storage insects or insect infested perishable produce after harvest will reduce the insect population. In addition, soil may be fumigated the extracts.

Abstract: Based on the discovery that the human bilirubin/phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ugt1 gene complex contains an electrophile responsive element and the knowledge that the rat NADP(H):quinone reductase gene contains an electrophile responsive element, agents which at a concentration of less than 50 .mu.M double the quinone reductase specific activity of Hepa 1clc7 cells, e.g., BHT and sulforaphane, are used for the prophylaxis or treatment of newborn jaundice.

Abstract: This invention relates to structurally novel acyclic tocotrienol analogs, which are useful for cholesterol/lipid lowering in cases of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, and for atherosclerosis. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and a method of use employing those compositions.

Abstract: Methods of combating nematodes or of preventing crop plants from being attacked by nematodes, wherein an effective amount of an alkylbenzene of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl; andR.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkynylis allowed to act on the pests or their habitat, and the use of alkylbenzenes of the formula I for combating nematodes.

Abstract: A composition suitable for topical application to mammalian skin or hair for inducing, maintaining or increasing hair growth comprises:(i) a special protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor; and(ii) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle for the inhibitor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for administering systemically active agents including therapeutic agents through the skin or mucosal membranes of humans and animals and into the blood stream in a transdermal device or formulation comprising topically administering with said systemic agent an effective amount of a membrane penetration enhancer being a carboxylic acid derivative or a salt thereof represented in one embodiment by the general formula ##STR1## wherein W represents oxygen, sulfur, or two hydrogen radicals; wherein Z represents oxygen, sulfur, or --CH.sub.2 --;wherein R represents alkyl optionally substituted with one to three double or triple bonds, --SR'", --OR'", --NHR'", --CH.sub.3, or COOR.sub.1, and wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl;wherein R'" represents alkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, optionally substituted with a phenyl, benzoyl or heterocyclic group;wherein R' represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Microencapsulated pyrethroidal cockroach-controlling composition is provided, which has an excellent residual effect. The composition comprises phenylxylylethane and a pyrethroidal compound and is encapsulated in microcapsules formed of a polyurethane wall which have an average particle diameter of not more than 80 .mu.m, a wall thickness of not more than 0.3 .mu.m, and a value of the average particle diameter/wall thickness of 100-400.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations comprising aromatic polycyclic dione compounds useful for treating mammals suffering from diseases caused by retroviruses are disclosed herein. A method for treating mammals suffering from retrovirus infections is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel 1,3-diaryl cyclopentanes of the following general formula were prepared. ##STR1## These compounds were found to have potent and specific PAF (Platelet Activating Factor) antagonistic activities and as such useful in the treatment or amelioration of various diseases or disorders mediate by the PAF, for example, hypotension, inflammation, nephritis, stroke and other cardiovascular disorders, asthma, allergic and skin diseases, peptic or stomach ulcer, shock, lung edema, psoriasis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pain including dental pain, and aggregation of platelets.

Abstract: The Indian Ocean sea hare Dolabella auricularia has been found to contain a new cell growth inhibitory and antineoplastic (P388 leukemia) cyclodepsipeptide designated dolastatin 13.sup.(1) and a companion substance dehydrodolastatin 13.sup.(2). A series of high field (400 MHz) 2D-NMR experiments including sequential analyses by HMBC and NOE techniques and tandem mass spectrometry provided structural determinations. Dolastatin 13 and dehydrodolastatin 13 represent a new class of cyclodepsipeptides. Pharmaceutical preparations and therapeutic regimens employing these new cytostatic depsipeptides are disclosed.

Abstract: Anti-ulcer agents containing isoprenoid derivatives are provided. The isoprenoid derivatives are represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R represents a group of formula ##STR2## In the above formula, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be the same or different each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkanoyloxy group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, provided that two or more of them do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 may be the same or different each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group or a lower alkanoyloxy group represents the signal or the double bond between the carbon atoms; m represents 0 or 1; n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 9, provided that the sum of m and n is an integer of from 1 to 9.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, or thienyl; Z is oxygen, sulfur, or methylene; and Ar' is 2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl, 3-phenoxyphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl, or 6-phenoxy-2-pyridyl exhibit pyrethroid-like insecticidal and acaricidal activity and are relatively harmless to aquatic fauna.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel compound represented by the following general formula (I), its production, and an insecticidal and acaricidal composition containing it as an active ingredient: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, a lower alkenyloxy group or a halogenated lower alkoxyl group or are, taken together, a methylenedioxy group; R.sub.3 is a vinyl group or a ethynyl group; R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; R.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group or a trifluoromethyl group; Z is a nitrogen atom or a group represented by the formula --CH.dbd.; when Z is a nitrogen atom, Y is an oxygen atom; and when Z is a group of the formula --CH.dbd., Y is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a methylene group or a group represented by the formula --NH--.

Abstract: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of active anti-inflammatory agent selected from the group consisting of 1-phenyl-1 cyclohexene, 4-phenylcyclohexanone, and mixtures thereof. The active agent may be formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions are useful in the treatment in mammals of inflammation and other related symptoms, including pain.

Abstract: An improved earthworm irritant composition that is highly effective in causing worms to leave their holes during the day time or at night and come to the surface. The composition is mixed with a relatively large amount of water and then poured on the ground, and the effectiveness of the composition is at least in part due to its slow rate of evaporation. The composition of the invention is a liquid and it is essentially comprised of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, which is the irritating agent, and a nonionic surfactant which enables the 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to mix thoroughly with the water that is added.