Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the induction of hypothermia and the treatment of clinical insults in a subject through the administration of a regulated hypothermic multidrug combination. The compositions or multidrug combinations of the invention comprise a regulated hypothermic compound or a dopamine receptor agonist; a vasoactive compound; and an antiarrhythmic compound or a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Additional agents can be included in the composition including at least one of an antioxidant, a vitamin, N-acetylcysteine, and an antihyperglycemic compound. The invention further recognizes that a two phase delivery of multidrug combinations, a rapid infusion of the composition to induce hypothermia followed by a period of slow infusion to maintain the hypothermic state for a sustained period of time.

Abstract: A method of formulating insulin compositions comprises preparing a carrier having a phosphatidylcholine component which entraps insulin, stabilizing insulin compositions at room temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for transdermal drug delivery comprising formulating a phosphatidylcholine carrier composition containing the drug and applying the composition to the skin.

Abstract: A stable composition of a drug comprising a carrier having a phosphatidylcholine component which entraps the drug is applied to the skin for transdermal delivery of the drug.

Abstract: A method of spherifying a sustained release ionic conjugate which contains a free carboxyl group-containing polymer and a free amino group-containing drug which are ionically bonded to each other.

Abstract: A composition for enteral administration having a non-ionic vegetable oil GIT absorption enhancer capable of increasing the enteral absorbability of drugs, especially oral absorbability of hydrophilic and macromolecular drugs. The non-ionic vegetable oil GIT absorption enhancer, particularly Babassu oil or a derivative thereof, is capable of enhancing the uptake of a drug from the gastrointestinal tract so as to allow therapeutically effective amounts of the drug to be transported across the GIT of an animal such as a human without significant toxic side effects.

Abstract: Seaweed supplement is included in diet of mammals and poultry to enhance immune response. In one embodiment, pasture forage is treated with seaweed supplement. When cattle or lambs are grazed on seaweed supplement treated endophyte-infected forage, immune function is preserved or depressed immune function is reversed. The enhanced immune function continues to the feedlot finishing phase even though no seaweed supplement is fed in that phase. In an independently inventive embodiment, seaweed supplement is administered to pigs exposed to PRRS disease to impart resistance to said disease and improve performance. In still another independently inventive embodiment, seaweed supplement is administered to lactating mares prior to weaning to mitigate the stress of weaning.

Abstract: A composition for permucosal administration characterized by containing Antago-3 or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and a sucrose fatty acid ester. With the composition for permucosal administration of the invention there is provided a long-term stable preparation having the high permucosal absorption of physiologically active peptide Antago-3 without irritation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sustained release pharmaceutical composition. The composition includes a polyester containing a free COOH group ionically conjugated with a bioactive polypeptide comprising at least one effective ionogenic amine, wherein at least 50% by weight of the polypeptide present in the composition is ionically conjugated to the polyester.

Abstract: Bioavailability of peptide active agents to be administered orally is enhanced by a pharmaceutical composition providing targeted release of the peptide to the intestine by virtue of an acid-resistant protective vehicle which transports components of the invention through the stomach. The composition includes an absorption enhancer and a sufficient amount of a pH-lowering agent to lower local intestinal pH. All components are released together into the intestine with the peptide.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel salts composed of a cation derived from a peptide containing at least one basic group and an anion derived from a carboxy-terminated polyester, processes for the manufacture of such salts, and the use of such salts in the manufacture of extended release pharmaceutical compositions. The salts of the invention possess a variety of properties which are useful in the formulation of extended release pharmaceutical compositions, whether the salts are in pure form or are in admixture with either an excess of the peptide in its free, unbound form or an excess of the free polyester.

Abstract: Compositions useful in the delivery of active agents are provided. These delivery compositions include (a) an active agent; and either (b)(1) a carrier of (i) at least one amino acid and (ii) at least one diketopiperazine or (b)(2) at least one mono-N-substituted, di-N-substituted, or unsubstituted diketopiperazine. Methods for preparing these compositions and administering these compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Microemulsion preparation in which a plurality of specified surfactants are combined such that aqueous-phase droplets that contain a physiologically active substance of low absorption and which have an average size of 0.4-100 nm are dispersed in an oil-phase dispersion medium. In order to improve its low transdermic or transmucosal absorbability, the physiologically active substance is allowed to be present as dissolved in the aqueous-phase droplets in the W/O emulsion. The preparation is low in local irritation and uses neither malodorous substances such as higher alcohols nor conventional absorption enhancers.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel salts composed of a cation derived from a peptide containing at least one basic group and an anion derived from a carboxy-terminated polyester, processes for the manufacture of such salts, and the use of such salts in the manufacture of extended release pharmaceutical compositions. The salts of the invention possess a variety of properties which are useful in the formulation of extended release pharmaceutical compositions, whether the salts are in pure form or are in admixture with either an excess of the peptide in its free, unbound form or an excess of the free polyester.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sustained release pharmaceutical composition. The composition includes a polyester containing a free COOH group ionically conjugated with a bioactive polypeptide comprising at least one effective ionogenic amine, wherein at least 50% by weight of the polypeptide present in the composition is ionically conjugated to the polyester.

Abstract: A solid pharmaceutical composition for oral administration of small and medium size peptides, particularly vasopressin, oxytocin, and their analogues, comprises the peptide, a protease inhibitor, an enteric coat and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a buffering agent buffering at a pH of from 3 to 6, preferably about pH 5. A method of manufacture of single doses of the peptide comprises mixing of the ingredients, forming the resulting mixture into spheres smaller than 2 mm, coating the spheres with an enteric coat which is readily soluble in gastric juice of pH 5.0 or higher but not at substantially lower pH, and filling the coated spheres in capsules or incorporating them into tablets, degradable in the stomach. Also disclosed is a method for oral administration to a patient of the single dose.

Abstract: Vasopressin analogues of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is (S)-2-amino-2-methyl-butanoic acid (CaMeAbu) or Valine (Val), Y is Thienylalanine (Thi) or Methionine (Met), Z is D-Phenylalanine (D-Phe) or D-Thienylalanine (Thi) or D-Tyrosine (D-Tyr), are disclosed. Pharmaceutical preparations comprising a vasopressin analogue of the invention as active ingredient are disclosed and exemplified by oral preparations, nasal preparations, and intravenous preparations. The vasopressin analogues of the invention are intended for use as a medicament, specially an antidiuretic agent. The antidiuretic agent is preferably used for the treatment of diabetes insipidus or enuresis.

Abstract: Compositions useful in the delivery of active agents are provided. These delivery compositions include (a) an active agent; and either (b)(1) a carrier of (i) at least one amino acid and (ii) at least one diketopiperazine or (b)(2) at least one mono-N-substituted, di-N-substituted, or unsubstituted diketopiperazine. Methods for preparing these compositions and administering these compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A composition including a polyester containing one or more free COOH groups ionically conjugated with a bioactive polypeptide comprising at least one effective ionogenic amine, wherein the polyester contains a member selected from the group of L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, DL-lactic acid, .epsilon.-caprolactone, p-dioxanone, .epsilon.-caprolic acid, alkylene oxalate, cycloalkylene oxalate, alkylene succinate, .beta.-hydroxybutyrate, substituted or unsubstituted trimethylene carbonate, 1,5-dioxopan-2-one, 1,4-dioxepan-2-one, glycolide, glycolic acid, L-lactide, D-lactide, DL-lactide, meso-lactide, and any optically active isomers, racemates or copolymers thereof, and at least 50%, by weight, of the polypeptide present in the composition is ionically conjugated to said polyester.

Abstract: The invention is a class of memory enhancing peptides having the general formula:R.sub.1 --Asn--X.sub.1 --X.sub.2 --X.sub.3 --R.sub.2whereR.sub.1 =pyroglutamyl, acetyl, H, peptidylX.sub.1 =Ala, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, Val, Trp, Cyt, HmeX.sub.2 =Pro, Leu, Ile, Val provided that when X.sub.2 is Pro, X.sub.1 is not Cyt or Ala;X.sub.3 =ArgR.sub.2 =OH, NH.sub.2, OR.sub.3, glycylandR.sub.3 =C.sub.1-6 alkyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of improving the efficiency of absorption into the bloodstream of drugs delivered through the pulmonary route. The drug is mixed with surfactant, preferably a surfactant naturally produced by the lung. This method is found to enhance the absorption of pharmaceutical compositions, and in particular those comprising protein, eg insulin, or peptides, eg vasopressin.

Abstract: The invention provides an analgesic cream containing ibuprofen with superior skin penetration properties obtained in part by maintaining a pH of 4 to 7.2 such that the ibuprofen is suspended in substantially solid crystalline form.

Abstract: A biologically active agent extracted from female breast cyst fluids displays anti-hypertensive activity in mammals. The agent is also useful in the treatment of congestive heart disease, artial fibrillation and idiopathic edema in mammals.

Abstract: Cyclic peptides are produced by the controlled aerobic fermentation of Streptomyces silvensis, ATTCC No. 53525 or ATCC No. 53526. These compounds are antagonists of oxytocin and are useful in the treatment of preterm labor and vasopressin and are thus useful in the treatment and prevention of disease states wherein vasopressin may be involved, for example congestive heart failure, hypertension, edema and hyponatremia.

Abstract: Compounds acting as antagonists of the antidiuretic/and or vasopressor activity of arginine vasopressin are those of the formulaA--CH.sub.2 CO--D--Tyr(R)--Phe--Y--Asn--T--U--Z--Qwherein A is a-adamantyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, 1-mercaptocyclohexyl, 1-mercaptocyclopentyl, 1-ethyl-1-mercaptopropyl, yclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or phenyl; R is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; Y is Val, Ile, Thr, Ala, Lys, Cha, Nva, Met, Nle, Orn, Ser, Asn, Gln, Phe, Tyr, Gly, Abu or Leu; T is Pen, Abu, Orn, Oys, Arg, Ala, Cha or Thr; U is Pro, Arg, Lys or Orn or a single bond; Z is (d-or L-) Arg, Orn or Lys and Q is Gly(NH.sub.2), Arg (NH.sub.2), Orn(NH.sub.2), Lys (NH.sub.2), (D- or L-)Ala(NH.sub.2), Ser(NH.sub.2), Val(NH.sub.2), Phe(NH.sub.2), Ile(NH.sub.2), Thr(NH.sub.2), Pro(NH.sub.2), Tyr(NH.sub.2), NH.sub.2, OH, NHR, NGbzl, NH(CH.sub.2).sub.p NH.sub.2 or NH(CH.sub.2).sub.p OH, wherein R is as above and p is an integer from 2 to 6. Compounds wherein T is Cys have similar activity.

Abstract: There is disclosed, in one aspect, an antidiuretic composition in oral dosage form for humans. This composition comprises an antidiuretically effective amount of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition is capable of dissolving and being absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of a human. The composition isused in tablet, capsule, or other generally accepted oral dosage form and generally from about 50 to about 200 micrograms of DDAVP is used per unit dosage In another aspect, there is disclosed a method for treating diabetes insipidus. This method comprises orally administering an antidiuretically effective amount of DDAVP to a human. The DDAVP is substantially dissolved and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of the person so treated.

Abstract: A biologically active agent extracted from female breast cyst fluids displays anti-hypertensive activity in mammals. The agent is also useful in the treatment of congestive heart disease, atrial fibrillation and idiopathic edema in mammals.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel AVP-binding peptides having the formula:Thr-Met-X-Val-Leu-Thr-Gly-Ser-Pro-Bwherein X is selected from the group consisting of Lys, Arg, and Asp; B is OH, NH.sub.2, NHAlK, wherein Alk is lower alkyl of 1-4 carbons, inclusive. These peptides block AVP function, and, therefore, are useful in many areas among which is the control of hypertension.

Abstract: Novel analogs of biologically active vasopressin and its synthetic analogs having improved activity are represented by the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein A hydrogen; is hydroxy or lower alkoxy, especially methoxy, B is the peptide residue of phenylalanine (Phe) or isoleucine, Gln represents the peptide residue of glutamine Asn represents the peptide residue of asparagine, E represents the peptide residue of proline (Pro), 4-thioproline (4-thioPro) or 3,4-dehydroproline (3,4-dehydroPro), FNH represents an N-substituted peptide residue of L- or D-lysine (Lys) L or D homolysine (h Lys) or L- or D-orntihine (Orn), X represents a side peptide chain consisting of one or more of Gly, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Leu, or L-Phe, Gly represents the peptide residue of glycine, and G is disulfide (--S--S--) or thioether (--CH.sub.2 S-- or --SCH.sub.2 --).

Abstract: Vasopressin antagonists which have a 4'-methyl-.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid group have vasopressin antagonist activity without substantial agonist activity. A species of the invention is [1-(4'-methyl-.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-8-arginine]vasopressin.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel AVP-binding peptides having the formula:Thr-Met-X-Val-Leu-Thr-Gly-Ser-Pro-Bwherein X is selected from the group consisting of Lys, Arg, and Asp; B is OH, NH.sub.2, NHAlk, wherein Alk is lower alkyl of 1-4 carbons, inclusive. These peptides block AVP function, and, therefore, are useful in many areas among which is the control of hypertension.

Abstract: Compounds acting as antagonists of the antidiuretic/and or vasopressor activity of arginine vasopressin are those of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 4 or 5; X is (D- or L-)Tyr(R), D-Phe, D-Val, D-Leu, D-Ile, D-Nva, D-Nle, D-Cha, D-Abu, D-Thr, D-Asn, D-Met or D-Gln; Y is Val, Ile, Thr, Ala, Lys, Cha, Nva, Met, Nle, Orn, Ser, Asn, Gln, Phe, Tyr, Gly, Abu or Leu; Z is (D- or L-) Arg, Orn or Lys; Q is Arg(NH.sub.2), Ser(NH.sub.2), (D- or L-)Ala(NH.sub.2), Gly, OH or NH.sub.2 and R is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; provided that, when Y is Gln or Val, R may also be H. Further compounds are those wherein Q is NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3-6 NH.sub.2, NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2-6 OH, NHalk or NHbzl, provided that when Y is Val, Q is other than NHalk or NHbzl. Other compounds are those wherein Q is M-P, wherein M is Gly, (D- or L-)beta-Ala, (D- or L-)Ala, Sar, Orn, Val, Phe, Ile, Thr, Pro, Tyr, Arg or Ser and P is NHalk, NHbzl, NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2-6 OH, NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2-6 NH.sub.

Abstract: Vasopressin antagonists which have a dipeptide tail composed of a neutral and basic amino acid unit demonstrate potent V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 -antagonist activity. Two species of this invention, which are prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis, are [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-7-tyrosine-8-arginine-9-desglycine]- vasopressin and [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-7-arginine-8-tyrosine-9-desglycine]- vasopressin.

Abstract: New compounds which have potent V.sub.2 -vasopressin antagonistic activity are prepared by a 1,6-cyclization using peptide bond formation. The structures of the compounds are characterized by a Pas.sup.1,6 or Tas.sup.1,6 cyclized unit. Also a chiral synthesis of the optically pure Pas intermediates is described.

Abstract: Peptides whose structures resemble those of vasopressin antagonists but have both a carboxamido amino acid unit and a basic amino acid unit in the side chain have good antagonist activity. A species of the invention is [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-8-glutamine-9-desglycine]-vasopressi n.

Abstract: Vasopressin antagonists which have a tripeptide side chain comprised of three basic amino acids, such as arginine, lysine or ornithine, demonstrate potent V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 -antagonist activity. A species of the invention, which is prepared by conventional peptide sequencing, is [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-7-arginine-8-arginine-9-arginine]-va sopression.

Abstract: Vasopressin antagonists which have a dipeptide side chain comprised of two basic amino acids demonstrate potent V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 -antagonist activity. A species of the invention, which is prepared by conventional peptide sequencing, is [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-7-arginine-8-arginine-9-desglycine]- vasopressin.

Abstract: Compounds acting as antagonists of the antidiuretic/and or vasopressor activity of arginine vasopressin are those of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 4 or 5; X is (D- or L-)Tyr(R), D-Phe, D-Val, D-Leu, D-Ile, D-Nva, D-Nle, D-Cha, D-Abu, D-Thr, D-Asn, D-Met or D-Gln; Y is Val, Ile, Thr, Ala, Lys, Cha, Nva, Met, Nle, Orn, Ser, Asn, Gln, Phe, Tyr, Gly, Abu or Leu; Z is (D- or L-) Arg, Orn or Lys; Q is Arg(NH.sub.2), Ser(NH.sub.2), (D- or L-)Ala(NH.sub.2), Gly, OH or NH.sub.2 and R is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; provided that, when Y is Gln or Val, R may also be H.

Abstract: Vasopressin derivatives having unexpected VSP site binding activity whose structures are characterized by a Mpr unit at position 1 and a Pen unit at position 6 are prepared by standard peptide synthetic methods also using an oxidative cyclization of a linear peptide dimercaptan. A representative species is [1-.beta.-mercaptopropionic acid-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-6-penicillamine-8-arginine]vasopressi n.

Abstract: Peptides having vasopressin antagonist activity are prepared by a peptide synthesizer to insert a N-methylarginine at the 7-position of the structure. An example of this series of compounds is [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-D-tyrosine)-4-valine-7-desproline-8-N-methylarginine-9-de sglycine]-vasopressin.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition containing a hydrophilic drug which is poorly absorbable through the gastrointestinal tract, and cyclodextrin, increases the absorbability of the drug into the mammalian body when administered by a non-oral or non-injection route.

Abstract: A genus of tripeptide amides and fifteen species thereof of Examples 4-18, which are useful as analgesics and/or opiate antagonists, three processes for preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and the three tripeptide amide species of Examples 1-3, which are not within the genus and are useful as analgesics and/or opiate antagonists, are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain vasopressin-like peptides, which have an acyclic unit at position 1 and which have an .omega.-amino- or guanidinoalkyl substituent attached to the cysteine in the 6-position of the ring, have V.sub.1 -vasopressin and oxytocin antagonist activity. A species of this series of new compounds is [1-desaminopenicillamine-2-(O-ethyl-D-tyrosine)-8-(1,4-diaminobutane)-9-de sglycinamide]-vasopressin.

Abstract: Compounds acting as antagonists of the antidiuretic/and or vasopressor activity of arginine vasopressin are those of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 4 or 5; X is (D- or L-)Tyr(R), D-Phe, D-Val, D-Leu, D-lle, D-Nva, D-Nle, D-Cha, D-Abu, D-Thr, D-Asn, D-Met or D-Gln; Y is Val, lle, Thr, Ala, Lys, Cha, Nva, Met, Nle, Orn, Ser, Asn, Gln, Phe, Tyr, Gly, Abu or Leu; Z is (D- or L-) Arg, Orn or Lys; Q is Arg(NH.sub.2), Ser(NH.sub.2), (D- or L-)Ala(NH.sub.2), Gly, OH or NH.sub.2 and R is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; provided that, when Y is Gln or Val, R may also be H. Further compounds are those wherein Q is Orn(NH.sub.2), NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, Val(NH.sub.2), Phe(NH.sub.2), lle(NH.sub.2), Thr(NH.sub.2), Pro(NH.sub.2) or Tyr(NH.sub.2).

Abstract: Certain new vasopressin-like peptides which have structures characterized by having a bisaminoalkylbenzene present in the vasopressin tail at the 7- or 8-position retain vasopressin antagonist activity. A species of the invention is [1-.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl)-D-tyrosine-4-valine-8-1',4'-bis(aminomethyl)benzene-9-de sglycinamide]-vasopressin.

Abstract: Certain cyclic vasopressin-like peptides, which have an .omega.-amino- or guanidinoalkyl substituent attached to the cysteine in the 6-position of the ring, have vasopressin antagonist activity. A species of this series of new compounds is [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-D-tyrosine)-4-valine-8-(1,5-diaminopentane)-8-desarginine -9-desglycinamide]-vasopressin.

Abstract: Certain octapeptides, which have structures characterized by being a six unit cyclic peptide ring with a dipeptide tail which lacks a glycine unit at position 9, have potent vasopressin antagonist activity. The compounds here claimed are in general characterized by having an amino acid unit at position 4 which is other than valine. An important species of the group is [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-D-tyrosine)-4-.alpha.-aminobutyric acid-8-arginine-9-desglycine]vasopressin.