Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in reducing venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft. For example, methods and materials for using stem cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells), extracellular matrix material, or a combination of stem cells and extracellular matrix material to reduce VNH of AVFs or grafts are provided.

Abstract: Several classes of in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, such as chronic inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, and of diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary disease, and Alzheimers disease. The in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds can be attached to known drug vectors and/or known anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions related to the discovery that the Follistatin-like 1 protein (Fstl-1) has metabolic and cardioprotective effects in vivo. Fstl-1 and portions and derivatives or variants thereof can be used to treat or prevent metabolic diseases or disorders and to treat or prevent cardiac damage caused by interrupted cardiac muscle blood supply.

Abstract: A pomegranate beverage including a pomegranate juice component prepared by crushing and squeezing whole fruits of pomegranate including inner and outer peels and seeds to yield a juice component and an insoluble by-product component, where the juice component separated from the insoluble by-product component to obtain the pomegranate juice component, and an amount of a pomegranate extract component including at least 30 to 3000 ?mols of polyphenols, where the beverage is prepared by a process including re-suspending the insoluble by-product component in an aqueous medium, mixing the re-suspended insoluble by-product component and the aqueous medium, and separating an aqueous extract from the insoluble by-product component to obtain the pomegranate extract component, where the aqueous extract includes polyphenols resulting from the insoluble by-product component.

Abstract: Transition metal complexes of amphiphilic/bipolar corroles, optically active isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful for prevention of a cardiovascular disease or disorder in a subject susceptible to develop such a cardiovascular disease or disorder.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for preventing cerebral damage in patients having symptoms of atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the brain by administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inducing the deposition of elastin by administering compositions including a mineralocorticoid, such as, for example, aldosterone and, optionally, a secondary active agent for enhancing or modulating the effect of the mineralocorticoid are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition including camphene as an active ingredient for preventing or treating obesity, dyslipidemia, fatty liver or insulin resistance syndrome. The composition of the present disclosure including camphene as an active ingredient suppresses differentiation of adipocytes, reduces body fat, reduces visceral fat, reduces total cholesterol level, reduces serum triglyceride level and reduces liver tissue triglyceride level, and thus exhibits preventive or therapeutic activity for obesity, hyperlipidemia or fatty liver. Furthermore, the composition of the present disclosure exhibits the effect of improving type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance and related metabolic disease by significantly reducing fasting blood sugar level and blood insulin level.

Abstract: Novel methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of all forms of atherosclerosis with 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds are described. Also disclosed is the coating of prosthetic devices, such as stents, with the compounds of the invention for the prevention and/or treatment of restenosis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of treating reperfusion or resuscitation injury in an individual in need of such treatment, comprising the step of administering to the individual who has had, having, or is at immediate risk of having an ischemic event an amount of a composition comprising a protein kinase A (PKA) activator and a ?1-adrenergic receptor antagonist sufficient to reduce reperfusion injury to an ischemic tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the specification, for use in the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of a warm-blooded animal, especially for the treatment of a disease (=disorder) that depends on activity of renin; the use of a compound of that class for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of a disease that depends on activity of renin; the use of a compound of that class in the treatment of a disease that depends on activity of renin; pharmaceutical formulations a compound of that class; a method of treatment comprising administering a compound of that class and a method for its manufacture.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein R is ethyl, propyl or allyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

Abstract: A method for treating a disease selected from diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, and a method for reducing triglycerides and/or increasing HDL cholesterol levels in the plasma of a subject. The method comprises administrating to a subject an effective amount of crude Dunaliella powder, optionally together with an activator of nuclear receptors.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions related to the discovery that the Follistatin-like 1 protein (Fstl-1) has metabolic and cardioprotective effects in vivo. Fstl-1 and portions and derivatives or variants thereof can be used to treat or prevent metabolic diseases or disorders and to treat or prevent cardiac damage caused by interrupted cardiac muscle blood supply.

Abstract: The present invention concern a composition or a patch adapted for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment by continuous subcutaneous administration of a subject suffering from atherosclerosis, comprising an effective amount of at least one epitope derived from a protein present in the atherosclerotic plaque, whereby administration of said at least one epitope to said subject induces a specific regulatory immune response, preferably a Treg response.

Abstract: Nanoparticulate bisphosphonate compositions, having an effective average particle size of less than 2000 nm, are described. The compositions are useful in treating bone resorption in a mammal.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a medical agent that has an excellent effect on the diseases resulting from one of inflammation and remodeling and that can prevent or treat them in response to various mechanisms of onset and development of the diseases. Thus, the present invention relates to a medical agent for preventing or treating diseases resulting from one of inflammation and remodeling in blood vessel, including nanobubbles.

Abstract: Various methods of administering medication(s) that inhibit the nonenzymatic formation of glycation and dehydration condensation complexes known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or modulate the advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE) are provided. Also, a medication releasing medical devices, wherein at least a portion of the medical device releasably includes at least one of these medication(s) are provided.

Abstract: Several classes of in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, such as chronic inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, and of diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary disease, and Alzheimers disease. The in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds can be attached to known drug vectors and/or known anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for identifying individuals at risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD).

Abstract: The invention provides methods to for treating a an obstructed biological conduit that include administering to the conduit an agent that can degrade extracellular matrix of obstructing tissue. Particular methods include delivery of an enzyme or a mixture of several enzymes to the area or region of obstruction wherein the enzyme(s) have the capability to degrade extracellular matrix components within the obstruction thereby restoring the normal flow of transported fluid through the conduit. The invention also includes prophylactically dilating a section of conduit to minimize the risk of obstruction formation.

Abstract: The present invention, which is applicable in the pharmaceutical industry, relates to the use of molsidomine or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, especially in the form of a sustained-release solid oral composition effective over 24 hours, for the manufacture of a drug for preventing or reducing the development of atherosclerosis.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a composition maintaining a blood coenzyme Q concentration at a high level in blood for a prolonged period of time, in order to surely attain an effect of coenzyme Q, which can be expected to manifest a superior effect in maintaining health in humans and animals. By using a composition which comprises a coenzyme Q being a mixture of a reduced coenzyme Q and an oxidized coenzyme Q with the proportion of the reduced coenzyme Q to the whole coenzyme Q of more than 95% by weight, the present invention can attain a high maximum blood concentration of a coenzyme Q as well as long maintenance of high concentration of coenzyme Q in blood for a prolonged period of time, and the area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) can be expanded.

Abstract: To provide a pharmaceutically effective prophylactic/preventive agent for low-HDL cholesterolemia, focusing on an HDL-generating mechanism. The ABCA1 stabilizer of the present invention contains a bisphenol-type compound selected form probucol spiroquinone, probucol diphenoquinone, and probucol bisphenol as an effective ingredient. The ABCA1 stabilizer can continuously and stably express ABCA1 by a mechanism quite different from that of conventional processes, and thus is useful as prophylactic/preventive agent for low-HDL cholesterolemia or arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound of the formula I: and/or all stereoisomeric forms of the compound of the formula I and/or mixtures of these forms in any ratio, and/or a physiologically tolerated salt of the compound of the formula I, in which R1 to R5 and V1, V2 have the meanings stated in the claims and specification. The inventive compounds are suitable as inhibitors of metalloproteases, especially of ADAMTS proteases and TNF-? converting enzyme (TACE), and for the treatment of disorders such as but not limited to osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an adsorption material which has been modified with polynuclear metal oxide hydroxides for influencing the calcium level and, in particular, for treating or/and preventing atherosclerotic vascular diseases or/and disturbances of bone metabolism.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for decreasing the viscosity and/or cohesiveness of and/or increasing the liquefaction of excessively or abnormally viscous or cohesive mucus or sputum. The composition contains a protein or peptide containing a thioredoxin active-site in reduced state and optionally further contains a reducing system.

Abstract: A polyherbal preparation for the prevention of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia comprising a mixture of Commiphora mukul, Boswellia serrata, Semecarpus anacardium Strychnox nux vomica, Terminalia arjuna and Shankha Bhasma.

Abstract: Transgenic animals that do not express functional SR-BI and ApoE develop severe atherosclerosis, by age four weeks in transgenic mice. Moreover, these animals exhibit progressive heart dysfunction by as early as age four weeks, and die by age nine weeks. This animal model has now been demonstrated to be useful as a screen for compounds which alleviate the symptoms of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Animals (Apo E?/? SR-BI+/?) were fed PROBUCOL beginning at the time of mating. Offspring are weaned at three weeks and fed PROBUCOL. In contrast to animals (Apo E?/? SR-BI?/?) not fed PROBUCOL, 50% of whom are dead at six weeks, all animals (Apo E?/? SR-BI?/?) on PROBUCOL have a normal phenotype (MRI of heart function, ECG, echocardiogram, histology) at six weeks. At seven to eight months, there is evidence of atherosclerosis and some myocardial infarction. This demonstrates that the compound has a preventative action. Animals who are taken off of the PROBUCOL all die within ten to twelve weeks.

Abstract: Patients needing NO donor therapy or inhibition of pathologically proliferating cells or increased NO bioactivity are treated with a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract: A method for preventing and or reducing the symptoms of insulin resistance and a related syndrome in persons comprises identifying persons having or at risk for having such symptoms, and administering to them an effective amount of a composition comprising niacin-bound chromium that prevents or reduces the symptoms. Compositions incorporating niacin-bound chromium and additional compounds also are disclosed that are particularly effective in synergistically preventing or reducing these symptoms.

Abstract: Biologically active 19-nor vitamin D analogs substituted at C-2 in the A-ring with an ethylidene or an ethyl group. These compounds have preferential activity on mobilizing calcium from bone and either high or normal intestinal calcium transport activity which allows their in vivo administration for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases where bone loss is a major concern. These compounds are also characterized by high cell differentiation activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing bile acids from a patient and certain polymers of use in the method. The method comprises the step of administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a polymer composition which includes a a poly(diallylamine) polymer which is substituted with hydrophobic groups. The hydrophobic groups can be a substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched C3–C24-alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: A method for preventing and or reducing the symptoms of insulin resistance and a related syndrome in persons comprises identifying persons having or at risk for having such symptoms, and administering to them an effective amount of a composition comprising niacin-bound chromium that prevents or reduces the symptoms. Compositions incorporating niacin-bound chromium and additional compounds also are disclosed that are particularly effective in synergistically preventing or reducing these symptoms.

Abstract: Angiogenic endothelial cells are selectively targeted with lipid/DNA complexes or cationic liposomes containing a substance which affects the targeted cells by inhibiting or promoting their growth. A site of angiogenesis can be precisely located by administering cationic liposomes containing a detectable label. The complexes may comprise nucleotide constructs which are comprised of promoters which are selectively and exclusively activated in the environment of an angiogenic endothelial cell.

Abstract: The application discloses methods of treating mammalian diseases characterized by abnormal cell mitosis by administering estradiol derivatives including those comprising colchicine or combretastatin A-4 structural motifs of the general formulae found below in a dosage sufficient to inhibit cell mitosis. The application discloses novel compounds used in the methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis in a subject predisposed thereto which comprises administering to the subject a polypeptide derived from soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproduct in an amount effective to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis in the subject. The present invention also provides for a method to prevent a macrovessel disease in a subject predisposed thereto which comprises administering to the subject a polypeptide derived from soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproduct in an amount effective to prevent macrovessel disease in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis. The compositions comprise unilamellar liposomes having an average diameter of 100-150 nanometers. Methods for treating atherosclerosis employing the compositions of the present invention are also provided.

Abstract: Provided in a phosphate ion adsorbent containing a weakly basic anion exchange resin as an active ingredient which aims at providing preventives and/or remedies for hyperphosphatemia having a high selectivity for the adsorption of phosphate ion and showing an effect of lowering blood phosphorus level and another effect of suppressing phosphorus excretion into the urine.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compounds which prevent or block a FVIIa mediated or associated process or event such as the catalytic conversion of FX to FXa, FVII to FVIIa or FIX to FIXa. In particular aspects, the compounds of the invention bind Factor VIIa (FVIIa), its zymogen Factor VII (FVII) and/or block the association of FVII or FVIIa with a peptide compound of the present invention. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds as well as their use in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic methods.

Abstract: A method for controlling cholesterol metabolism in a host, a screening assay for agents that can control cholesterol metabolism, and the agents that may be identified are practiced and determined in relation to the expression of PLTP in HepG2 cells and a clone from these cells, designated HepG2/PLTPpLuc. Particular agents that are covered comprise camptothecin, topotecan, derivatives thereof, metabolic byproducts thereof and small molecule mimics thereof.

Abstract: A method of treating a disorder related to a high cholesterol concentration, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound of formula (I): Also disclosed are methods, kits, combinations, and compositions for treating a disorder in a subject where an activator of liver X alpha is indicated, such as in, for example, treating a high cholesterol disease.

Abstract: The subject invention provides pharmaceutical compounds useful in the treatment of Type II diabetes. These compounds are advantageous because they are readily metabolized by the metabolic drug detoxification systems. Particularly, thiazolidinedione analogs that have been designed to include esters within the structure of the compounds are provided. This invention is also drawn to methods of treating disorders, such as diabetes, comprising the administration of therapeutically effective compositions comprising compounds that have been designed to be metabolized by serum or intracellular hydrolases and esterases. Pharmaceutical compositions of the ester-containing thiazolidinedione analogs are also taught.

Abstract: Several classes of in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, such as chronic inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, and of diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary disease, and Alzheimers disease. The in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds can be attached to known drug vectors and/or known anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the activity or production of cytokines or growth factors associated with vascular restenosis, by administering to an individual an effective amount of an active ingredient comprising a bisphosphonate particle or a bisphosphonate particulate. The bisphosphonate may be encapsulated, embedded or adsorbed within the particle, dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix, adsorbed on the particle surface, or in combination of any of these forms. The particles include liposomes or inert polymeric particles, such as microcapsules, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, nanospheres, or microparticles. The particulates include any suspended or dispersed form of the bisphosphonate which is not encapsulated, entrapped, or adsorbed within a polymeric particle. The particulates include suspended or dispersed colloids, aggregates, flocculates, insoluble salts and insoluble complexes of the active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synergistic pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, said composition comprising extracts of plant Gentiana kurroo of concentration ranging between 2–5 wt. %, Murraya koenigii of concentration ranging between 8–15 wt %, Allium sativum of concentration ranging between 2–4 wt %, Zingiber officinalis of concentration ranging between 2–5 wt %, Amorphophallus campanulatus of concentration ranging between 1–10%, and pharmaceutically acceptable additive(s); a process for the preparation of the said synergistic pharmaceutical composition; and also, a use of the said composition for treating hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity.

Abstract: A composition including 2-hexyl cyanoacrylate and goal is useful in treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and other body lumens to be blocked.

Abstract: Nutritional or therapeutic compositions containing glutamic acid, cystine, glycine and a selenium precursor and methods for their utilization to increase glutathione synthesis and thereby enhance the immune system are described.

Abstract: A composition including 2-hexyl cyanoacrylate and gold is useful in treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and other body lumens to be blocked.

Abstract: Nutritional or therapeutic compositions containing glutamic acid, cystine, glycine and a selenium precursor and methods for their utilization to increase glutathione synthesis and thereby enhance the immune system are described.