Abstract: A brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion non-toxic for internal and intravenous use in animals including humans for use as an oxygen transport medium and as a tumor and other element contrast enhancement medium is stable with very small size characteristics for extended periods in excess of eighteen months and after sterilization, with a stabilizing component selected from the class comprising steroid hormones, tocopherols, cholesterols and their combinations. An anti-oxidizing component enhances delivery in oxygen transport.

Abstract: Increased stability is conferred on oil-in-water emulsions of perfluorocarbons by addition of a minor (0.1-5% w/v) amount of a fluorinated compound of higher boiling point than the perfluorocarbon being emulsified. The added fluorinated compound is preferably a perfluorinated saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon. The most preferred additive is perfluoroperhydrofluoranthene.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel porous hollow fiber membrane which is characterized by such a unique porous structure that the inner and outer membrane surfaces have an in-a-plane average pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m and the porous membrane wall has an in-a-plane porosity of not less than 10% measured in every plane perpendicular to a radial direction of the annular cross-section of the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the in-a-plane porosity exhibits at least one minimum value between the inner and outer membrane surfaces. The present porous hollow fiber membrane has been found to be especially useful for the removal of a virus from an aqueous protein solution containing a virus. A virus can be effectively removed from an aqueous protein solution with not only an extremely high virus removal percentage but also an extremely high protein permeability, without causing the protein to be denatured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antigens present in blood group A and blood group AB erythrocytes but absent in blood group B and blood group O erythrocytes. More specifically, the present invention relates to A-associated H-antigens having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein X is a sugar residue and n=0 or a positive integer and wherein R is a primary amino group containing material selected from the group consisting of a polypeptide, a primary amino group containing liquid and a primary amino group containing support; monoclonal antibodies specific thereto and methods for employing the same in blood typing.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter are disclosed having the formula: ##STR1## wherein the carbon rings are fully fluorinated to remove all hydrogens and olefinic character. The compositions have utility as heat transfer agents, hydraulic fluids, vapor phase soldering fluids, gas (O.sub.2, N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, etc.) transport agents, such as in biological and medical fields, as well as utility as burn-in test fluid.

Abstract: New perfluoroalkanes and haloperfluoroalkanes, having low melting point and high thermal and chemical stability, constituted by preferably branched perfluorinated and haloperfluorinated chains, obtained by starting from precursors containing two halogen atoms equal to or different from each other, one of them necessarily being an iodine atom, which are reacted with C.sub.3 F.sub.6 and possibly subsequently halogenated with either fluorine or chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: Novel compositions include compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the carbon rings are fully fluorinated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compositions for the preservation of organs prior to implantation comprising hydroxyethyl starch substantially free of ethylene glycol, ethylene chlorohydrin and acetone in a pharmaceutically acceptable organ perfusate.

Abstract: A method for making sterile liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin having an oxn carrying capacity of 20 vol/%, a half life of 15-20 hours as measured in mice, with the liposome made from chloroform, HSPC, cholesterol, negatively charged DMPG and alpha-tocopherol.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter are disclosed having the formula: ##STR1## wherein the carbon rings are fully fluorinated to remove all hydrogens and olefinic character. The compositions have utility as heat transfer agents, hydraulic fluids, vapor phase soldering fluids, gas (O.sub.2, N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2, etc.) transport agents, such as in biological and medical fields, as well as utility as burn-in test fluid.

Abstract: Perfluorocarbon emulsion formulations are oxygenated prior to use by means of a portable oxygenation system. The blood substitute is in a closed container or bag. An oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the bag from a separate container. The bag is continuously agitated for a sufficient time to increase the pO.sub.2 of the perfluorocarbon emulsion formulations to a desired pressure, e.g., to at least 600 mmHg. In one embodiment, the system used for oxygenation of the perfluorocarbon emulsion formulations comprises a small tank for gas having an inlet port and an outlet port fitted with shut-off valves. The outlet port is adapted to be connected to a filter which, in turn, is adapted to be connected to the inlet port of a three-way valve. The primary outlet of the three-way valve is adapted to mount a hypodermic needle which is adapted to be pushed through a rubber septum in a port of the bag to communicate with the interior of the bag.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of treatment of patients with heart disorders and methods of preserving stored blood using fructose-1,6-diphosphate.

Abstract: The dextran derivatives have a molecular weight higher than about 5000 daltons and comprise statistically at least about 35% of units substituted by radicals having a COO.sup.- function and at least 3% of units comprising a group of structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a single bond; or a ##STR2## group, R.sub.2 is an anion of an inorganic or an organic salt and n is a number from 1 to 4.

Abstract: There are disclosed sterilant compositions having improved biocompatibility comprising a sterilant such as sodium chlorite, an acid such as citric acid, and a buffer such as sodium bicarbonate, the compositions forming an isotonic solution with pH of approximately 7.3.The compositions are particularly useful for cleansing and sterilizing kidney hemodialysis apparatus with minimal disruption of the protein layer which forms on the internal surface of the hollow fibers of a dialysis membrane when a patient is undergoing treatment with the apparatus thus establishing improved biocompatibility between patient and apparatus. The compositions are also useful in other areas of technology, such as, for example, food and wine making technologies.

Abstract: A novel compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein k is zero or an integer of 1 to 2, j is an integer of from 1 or 3, l and m are each zero or an integer of from 1 to 3, and n is an integer of from 1 to 4, the rings A, B and C being optionally substituted with at least one trifluoromethyl group or tetrafluoroethyl group is prepared by reacting the perhydro compound corresponding thereto with fluorine. The compound is useful as a material capable of carrying oxygen in an aqueous emulsion for lifesaving a patient suffering from massive hemorrhage and for preserving internal organs in transplantation.

Abstract: This invention concerns new branched perfluoroalkylated ethenes, their preparation and their use, in the form of aqueous emulsions, as oxygen carriers, and in particular as blood substitutes or as perfusion agents for the preservation of organs before transplant.

Abstract: A perfluoroether compound having the following formula is useful as a thermostable, inert solvent and inter alia as an oxygen carrier in an artificial blood or infusion fluid. ##STR1## wherein Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 are different from each other and are selected from the group of a C.sub.1 or C.sub.3 perfluoroalkyl group which may be interrupted by an oxygen atom, and a C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 perfluorocycloalkyl group, and n and n' are zero or an integer of 1; one of Rf.sub.1 and Rf.sub.2 being the C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 perfluorocycloalkyl group and the total number of carbon atoms being 9-11 inclusive.

Abstract: A novel compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein k is zero or an integer of 1 to 2, j is an integer of from 1 to 3, l and m are each zero or an integer of from 1 to 3, and n is an integer of from 1 to 4, the rings A, B and C being optionally substituted with at least one trifluoromethyl group or tetrafluoroethyl group is prepared by reacting the perhydro compound corresponding thereto with fluorine. The compound is useful as a material capable of carrying oxygen in an aqueous emulsion for lifesaving a patient suffering from massive hemorrhage and for preserving internal organs in transplantation.

Abstract: A novel compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein k is zero or an integer of 1 to 2, j is an integer of from 1 or 3, l and m are each zero or an integer of from 1 to 3, and n is an integer of from 1 to 4, the rings A, B and C being optionally substituted with at least one trifluoromethyl group or tetrafluoroethyl group is prepared by reacting the perhydro compound corresponding thereto with fluorine. The compound is useful as a material capable of carrying oxygen in an aqueous emulsion for lifesaving a patient suffering from massive hemorrhage and for preserving internal organs in transplantation.

Abstract: Novel perfluorinated heterocyclic compounds have an azabicyclodecane structure with fused 5- and 7-membered rings incorporating a bridgehead nitrogen atom. They are prepared by cobalt (III) fluoride fluorination of quinolines or alkyl quinolines and are useful, when emulsified in aqueous media, as blood substitutes or organ perfusates, prior to transplant.

Abstract: A composition of matter which comprises a synthetic whole blood useful as a replacement for whole mammalian blood and a method of making the same are disclosed. The method of manufacture makes use of two gelatins, two modified fluid gelatins, or one gelatin and one modified fluid gelatin of differing isoelectric points, and selected additives. The invention also contemplates the use of only one gelatin or only one modified fluid gelatin, plus lecithin. The invention also contemplates using stroma free hemoglobin, microencapsulated stroma free hemoglobin, or synthetic liposomes containing stroma free hemoglobin incorporated in either the coacervate phase or the coacervate system of this invention. The method yields a two phase liquid aqueous system which successfully duplicates the two phase heterogeneous physico-chemical system of naturally occurring whole blood. The disclosed composition possesses many of the physiological capabilities of whole human blood.

Abstract: Particles of perfluoro compound with a lipid coating are emulsified by sonification in aqueous medium, wherein the proportion of perfluoro compound in the emulsion is preferably about 30-75% (w/v) and the proportion of lipid is preferably about 7-9% (w/v). In the resulting stable emulsion 95% of these particles having diameters less than 0.2.mu.. The emulsion is useful as an artificial blood for transport and delivery of oxygen to body tissues.