Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of keratin-based skin diseases. In particular, the application describes compositions and methods of treating a patient suffering from skin blistering comprising the use of phase II enzyme inducers and/or activity modifiers.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the adverse effects of complement pathway, activation products in a subject comprising administering to the subject an amount of Dextran Sulfate effective to inhibit formation of alternative complement pathway activation product.

Abstract: Methods related to the treatment of diabetes and improving the efficiency of insulin utilization are provided. The method enables effective control of prandial glucose levels while reducing the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia. In particular, methods of potentiating the activity of endogenous insulin in type 2 diabetics and exogenous long-acting insulin in diabetics requiring basal insulin replacement are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for use as a medicament comprising insulin in combination with at least one compound of formula (I) wherein the radicals R1 to R6 have the meaning according to claim 1, and/or physiologically acceptable salts thereof. Another object of the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredients effective amounts of insulin and at least one compound of formula (I), together with pharmaceutically tolerable adjuvants, for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment and/or monitoring of physiological and/or pathological conditions that are associated with insulin resistance. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical package comprising insulin in a first dosage unit and at least one compound of formula (I) in a second dosage unit.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions related to the discovery that the Follistatin-like 1 protein (Fstl-1) has metabolic and cardioprotective effects in vivo. Fstl-1 and portions and derivatives or variants thereof can be used to treat or prevent metabolic diseases or disorders and to treat or prevent cardiac damage caused by interrupted cardiac muscle blood supply.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for using processed cellulose. Preferably, the processed cellulose is a highly refined cellulose (HRC). The HRC is useful in a number of medical and nutritional applications. These medical and nutritional applications can include, but are not limited to, administering effective amounts of the HRC for lowering values of risk factor measurements for such diseases as arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Treatment of other diseases and conditions with the HRC is also possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula I, wherein R1, LP, HetAr, Ar, and n are as defined in the application, which have valuable pharmacological properties, and in particular bind to the GPR119 receptor and modulate its activity.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods comprising 2-[6-(3-Amino-piperidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl]-4-fluoro-benzonitrile or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof administered once weekly.

Abstract: Methods are provided for purifying peptides and proteins by incorporating the peptide or protein into a diketopiperazine or competitive complexing agent to facilitate removal one or more impurities, from the peptide or protein. Formulations and methods also are provided for the improved transport of active agents across biological membranes, resulting for example in a rapid increase in blood agent concentration. The formulations include microparticles formed of (i) the active agent, which may be charged or neutral, and (ii) a transport enhancer that masks the charge of the agent and/or that forms hydrogen bonds with the target biological membrane in order to facilitate transport. In one embodiment, insulin is administered via the pulmonary delivery of microparticles comprising fumaryl diketopiperazine and insulin in its biologically active form. This method of delivering insulin results in a rapid increase in blood insulin concentration that is comparable to the increase resulting from intravenous delivery.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for modulating the activity or level of a sirtuin, thereby treating or preventing obesity or an insulin resistance disorder, such as diabetes in a subject. Exemplary methods comprise contacting a cell with a sirtuin activating compound or an inhibitory compound to thereby increase or decrease fat accumulation, respectively.

Abstract: Methods for treating abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in a patient in need thereof, wherein the provided methods comprise administering to a patient in need a therapeutically effective amount of an Interleukin-1? modulator. Also, the invention provides compositions comprising at least one lipid modifying agent and an IL-1? modulator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or obesity. The present invention also relates to methods of restoring the incretin effect, to restoring physiologic control of glucagon levels, to restoring first-phase insulin secretion, and to restoring the physiologic glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The methods of the present invention comprise administration of a selective ?-receptor antagonist, such as guanidinylated naltrindole (GNTI), or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinations of triazine derivatives and of insulin sensitizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment agent for diabetic complications, and a method for the treatment of diabetic complications using the same. The present invention confirmed that Osteomeles schwerinae extract and its fractions inhibited the generation of AGEs, the index for diabetic complications, inhibited the activation of aldose reductase, had anti-cataract activity, and had anti-oxidative activity. Thus, the present invention relates to a preventive and therapeutic agent for diabetic complications containing the said Osteomeles schwerinae extract and its fraction as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the enteral treatment of autoimmune disease such a multiple sclerosis with polypeptide therapeutics. Enteral therapeutics comprise monomeric alpha-MSH polypeptides such as ACTH. Therapeutic formulations of the invention may be used to reduce the incidence or severity of autoimmune disease. For instance methods for the oral treatment of multiple sclerosis with alpha-MSH and ACTH are described.

Abstract: A low-glycemic available carbohydrate composition of the invention contains the following components: (i) 5-60 wt. % of one or more monosaccharides selected from monosaccharides other than glucose and fructose, in particular galactose, ribose and mannose; (ii) 15-95 wt. % of oligosaccharides having a length of 2 to 20 anhydromonose units, at least half of which are anhydroglucose units linked by non-?-1,4 bonds; these oligosaccharides preferably comprising disaccharides such as palatinose, isomaltose and trehalose and/or non-?-1,4 linked higher glucose-containing oligosaccharides; (iii) 0-45 wt. % of other available carbohydrates, such as glucose and maltodextrins. This carbohydrate composition can be part of a food composition for the treatment of diabetes, obesitas, insulin resistance, or for postprandial glucose response.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a controlled release component comprising an antihyperglycemic drug in combination with a second component comprising a thiazolidinedione derivative is herein disclosed and described.

Abstract: We have identified classes of kallikrein inhibitors as compounds that are useful in the reduction of vascular permeability (e.g., retinal vascular permeability and cerebral vascular permeability) and astrocyte activation. Diseases and conditions associated with increased vascular permeability include diabetic retinopathy, hemorrhagic stroke, and macular edema. Diseases and conditions associated with astrocyte activation include Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, stroke, epilepsy, and brain trauma.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, including low-calorie beverages or liquids, comprising isoleucine, leucine, valine, cysteine, and methionine, in specified amounts, weight ratios, or both. The compositions are especially useful in treating individuals afflicted with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

Abstract: A method of treating diabetic hyperlipidemia or lipidemia with carbamoyloxy arylalkanoyl arylpiperazine compounds including:

Abstract: This invention provides REL inhibitors which interfere with the DNA binding capacity of a REL protein. Additionally this invention provides methods of treating, abrogating, or preventing diseases which respond with a positive clinical score to a REL inhibitor. Methods of identifying REL inhibitor based on a REL protein three dimensional model are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel synthetic derivatives of ?-glycolipids and uses thereof as immunomodulators. More particularly, the invention relates to synthetic derivatives of ?-glycolipids, specifically, the compounds of any one of Formula I, II III and IV or any mixture or combination thereof, and particularly the ALIB-97 (Formula II) derivative and uses thereof for the treatment of different pathologic disorders, particularly, immune-related hepatic disorders and pathologies associated with the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the treatment and/or prevention of Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and disease states and conditions characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and Type 1 diabetes, comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of anti-IL-1? antibody or fragment thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition including camphene as an active ingredient for preventing or treating obesity, dyslipidemia, fatty liver or insulin resistance syndrome. The composition of the present disclosure including camphene as an active ingredient suppresses differentiation of adipocytes, reduces body fat, reduces visceral fat, reduces total cholesterol level, reduces serum triglyceride level and reduces liver tissue triglyceride level, and thus exhibits preventive or therapeutic activity for obesity, hyperlipidemia or fatty liver. Furthermore, the composition of the present disclosure exhibits the effect of improving type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance and related metabolic disease by significantly reducing fasting blood sugar level and blood insulin level.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the treatment and/or prevention of Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and disease states and conditions characterized by insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, metabolic syndrome, Type 1 diabetes and obesity, comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of anti-IL-1? antibody or fragment thereof.

Abstract: The application relates to specific combinations of Roflumilast and/or Roflumilast N-Oxide and a PPAR-agonist, as well as their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of blunting the postprandial glycemic response in a human by feeding an induced viscosity fiber system. The invention also relates to an induced viscosity fiber system and the liquid products that incorporate the induced viscosity fiber system. Further, the invention relates to a method of incorporating soluble fiber into a liquid product without the typical negative organoleptic or physical stability issues. The invention also relates to a method of inducing the feeling of fullness and satiety by feeding the induced viscosity fiber system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel benzylpiperazine derivatives such as compounds of formula (I), which have activity as agonists of the GPR38 receptor and the use of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions thereof in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

Abstract: A skin wound dressing is disclosed. The skin wound dressing comprises Tremella polysaccharide and alginate and is used to cover on a skin wound to accelerate wound healing. The Tremella polysaccharide is isolated from a hot water extract of Tremella fuciformis. The skin wound dressing is a Tremella polysaccharide composite fiber, a Tremella polysaccharide sponge or a Tremella polysaccharide hydrogel.

Abstract: Methods of controlling serum glucose levels in an individual are described, the methods including the step of administering to said individual a therapeutic food composition comprising a waxy and/or hydrothermally treated starch. The method may be used to treat or prevent hypoglycaemia in patients susceptible to hypoglycaemic episodes, for example patients with glycogen storage disease, diabetes or liver disease. The method may also be used in sports nutrition. Also described are compositions for use in the methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recognition that an analog of ?KG can increase glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo in animals, particularly in mammals, and more particularly in humans and in rodents. By employing the methods of the invention, insulin secretion can be increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment and prevention of type I diabetes. More specifically, the invention relates to compounds that treat or prevent the body's immune system from destroying ?-cells (i.e., insulin-producing cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans) by inhibition of JNK2, selective inhibition of JNK2, or inhibition of the expression of the MAPK9 gene or gene product. In one embodiment, the present invention contemplates the diagnosis, identification, production, and use of compounds which modulate MAPK9 gene expression or the activity of the MAPK9 gene product including but not limited to, JNK2, the nucleic acid encoding MAPK9 and homologues, analogues, and deletions thereof, as well as antisense, ribozyme, triple helix, antibody, and polypeptide molecules as well as small inorganic molecules. The present invention contemplates a variety of pharmaceutical formulations and routes of administration for such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the glucose related disorders and lipid related disorders comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of one or more novel benzo-fused heterocycle sulfamide derivatives of formula (I) or formula (II) as herein defined. The present invention is further directed to methods of treatment comprising co-therapy with an anti-diabetic agent, and anti-lipid agent and/or an anti-obesity agent.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a controlled release component comprising an antihyperglycemic drug in combination with a second component comprising a thiazolidinedione derivative is herein disclosed and described.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in one embodiment, to a method of preventing or treating diabetes using low molecular weight antioxidants. In a further embodiment, the invention relates to a method of protecting and/or enhancing viability of cells/tissues/organs during isolation (harvesting), preservation, expansion and/or transplantation. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of inducing immune tolerance. The invention also relates to compounds and compositions suitable for use in such methods.

Abstract: Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) antibody antagonists, polynucleotides encoding TLR3 antibody antagonists or fragments thereof, and methods of making and using the foregoing are disclosed.

Abstract: A medicament for promoting proliferation of hepatocytes and liver regeneration, which comprises a polyprenyl compound such as 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating diseases or disorders benefiting from inactivating or down-regulating the activity of the capsaicin receptor in a mammal by inhibiting the activity of the capsaicin receptor. The present invention also provides a method of treating obesity and obesity-related diseases and disorders in a mammal by inhibiting the activity of the capsaicin receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or obesity. The present invention also relates to methods of restoring the incretin effect, to restoring physiologic control of glucagon levels, to restoring first-phase insulin secretion, and to restoring the physiologic glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The methods of the present invention comprise administration of a selective ?-receptor antagonist, such as guanidinylated naltrindole (GNTI), or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for reducing chronic subacute inflammatory states associated with obesity and improve glycemia, thereby preventing or delaying the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese subjects, or subjects with the metabolic syndrome, using non-acetylated forms of salicylate, e.g., salsalate or trilisate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of diabetes or obesity comprising as active ingredients a compound which inhibits the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof, or a solvate thereof, and one or more other antidiabetic or antiobesity agents. The pharmaceutical composition exhibits excellent glucose tolerance and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, obesity, and the like by effectively inhibiting blood glucose levels and reducing fat mass.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds which are inhibitors of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme (“DP-IV inhibitors”) and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved, such as diabetes and particularly type 2 diabetes. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved.

Abstract: A method of formulating insulin compositions comprises preparing a carrier having a phosphatidylcholine component which entraps insulin, stabilizing insulin compositions at room temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of chicoric acid and/or at least one of these metabolites selected among mono-caffeoyl-tartaric acid and/or m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and/or 4-vinylcatechol and/or 4-ethylcatechol for manufacturing a composition intended for prevention or treatment in an insulin-resistant patient or hypoinsulinemia and/or associated pathologies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of acetyl L-carnitine in combination with an anti hypertensive drug, and a statin, for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or delay of onset of type 2 diabetes and its complications, in pre-diabetic patients with insulin resistance.

Abstract: Methods are provided for purifying peptides and proteins by incorporating the peptide or protein into a diketopiperazine or competitive complexing agent to facilitate removal one or more impurities, from the peptide or protein. Formulations and methods also are provided for the improved transport of active agents across biological membranes, resulting for example in a rapid increase in blood agent concentration. The formulations include microparticles formed of (i) the active agent, which may be charged or neutral, and (ii) a transport enhancer that masks the charge of the agent and/or that forms hydrogen bonds with the target biological membrane in order to facilitate transport. In one embodiment, insulin is administered via the pulmonary delivery of microparticles comprising fumaryl diketopiperazine and insulin in its biologically active form. This method of delivering insulin results in a rapid increase in blood insulin concentration that is comparable to the increase resulting from intravenous delivery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the specification, for use in the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of a warm-blooded animal, especially for the treatment of a disease (=disorder) that depends on activity of renin; the use of a compound of that class for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of a disease that depends on activity of renin; the use of a compound of that class in the treatment of a disease that depends on activity of renin; pharmaceutical formulations a compound of that class; a method of treatment comprising administering a compound of that class and a method for its manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and formulations comprising the compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are useful in modulating lyn kinase activity. In particular, the compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful for treating or preventing a disease or disorder including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, a disorder of glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome (i.e., Syndrome X), a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, septicemia, a thrombotic disorder, type II diabetes, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, inflammation, or impotence.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating a metabolic disease in a mammalian subject includes a therapeutically effective amount of all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid, all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid derivative, or agent capable of modulating the level of at least one all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid or all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoid derivative in the subject.

Abstract: The invention disclosed comprises a method for administering the antidiabetic drug glipizide to a patient in need of glipizide in need of antidiabetic therapy.