Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrazole derivatives represented by the following formulas and analogues thereof, which can be used for a therapeutic agent for diabetes.

Abstract: Novel exendin and exendin agonist compound formulations and dosages and methods of administration thereof are provided. These compositions and methods are useful in treating diabetes and conditions that would be benefited by lowering plasma glucose or delaying and/or slowing gastric emptying or inhibiting food intake.

Abstract: The invention features a method for treating a patient having an inflammatory disorder, by administering to the patient (i) a tricyclic antidepressant (e.g., amoxapine); and (ii) a corticosteroid (e.g., prednisolone) simultaneously or within 14 days of each other in amounts sufficient to reduce or inhibit inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new use of a statin drug in the improvement of diabetic neuropathy, specifically in improving nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in patients suffering diabetes, in particular to pharmaceutical combinations of the statin drug and other agents known to improve diabetic neuropathy such as an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or an angiotensin II (AII) antagonist which combinations are useful in the prevention and treatment of the complications of diabetes.

Abstract: A composition for managing blood glucose levels is herein described. The composition comprises decocted tea and vanadate and does not cause the same side effects as vanadate and water mixtures known in the prior art. Specifically, the vanadate suspended in decocted tea does not cause diarrhea and in some cases stabilizes blood glucose at normal levels for several weeks after only a few treatments.

Abstract: Our invention concerns a mixture of CLA glycerides, and/or CLA-fatty acids and or CLA-alkyl esters and another component, wherein the other component (=component A) is selected for its capacity to alleviate problems related to insulin resistance in mammals, using CLA rich diets and/or foods and/or food supplements using an appropriate in vitro test so that in at least one step of the in vitro test, as described in the text, an improvement in test results is obtained of at least 4% by the blend of the CLA derivative and component A when compared to the CLA derivative only. The inventon further concerns CLA rich dietic food, food supplements and foods containing the combination of CLA and component A as defined, while also the use of this combination for achieving an alleviation of insulin resistance is part of the invention.

Abstract: Methods of using the chromium(III) complex represented by the formula [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ as a nutritional supplement, and for treating medical disorders associated with chromium deficiency, nutritive and pharmaceutical compositions containing this chromium(III) complex are also provided.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel solid matrixed controlled release, oral dosage form where the dosage form contains a therapeutically effective amount of a sulfonylurea or a salt or derivative thereof in the matrix. Further, the use of an aqueous alkalizing medium affords substantially complete bioavailability of the drug from the matrix of the tablet. The core tablets may optionally be coated with a coating material in the range of 2% to 10% with an enteric material or with a water insoluble material like ethyl cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isolating plant Argyrobium roseum extract that contains flavonoid glycoside, wherein the extract possesses hypoglycaemic activity. The present invention also contemplates a composition containing the extract and a method of treating various hyperglycaemic conditions including non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus disease condition by administering the extract.

Abstract: The present invention relates to protracted human insulin derivatives in which the A21 and the B3 amino acid residues are, independently, any amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code except Lys, Arg and Cys; PheB1 may be deleted; the B30 amino acid residue is (a) a non-codable, lipophilic amino acid having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, in which case an acyl group of a carboxylic acid with up to 5 carbon atoms is bound to the ?-amino group of LysB29; or (b) the B30 amino acid residue is deleted or is any amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code except Lys, Arg and Cys, in any of which cases the ?-amino group of LysB29 has a lipophilic substituent; and any Zn2+ complexes thereof with the proviso that when B30 is Thr or Ala and A21 and B3 are both Asn, and PheB1 is present, then the insulin derivative is always present as a Zn2+ complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions without added iron and methods for prophylactic nutritional supplementation and therapeutic nutritional supplementation. Specifically, the method involves administering to an individual a composition comprising carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, pantothenic acid, cobalamin, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, chromium, copper, alpha lipoic acid, and lutein, wherein the composition is free of added iron.

Abstract: This invention provides a class of therapeutic compounds and methods for the treatment of mammals with physiological disorders, such as for example a frequently occurring type of essential hypertension, which are critically associated with the decreased binding of magnesium to the plasma membranes of their cells. These methods consist of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound selected from a series of disubstituted trans, trans 1,3-butadienes, 1,3-disubstituted perhydrobutadienes, 1,2-disubstituted trans ethylenes and 1,2 disubstituted ethanes and disubstituted propanes, each of which embodies, in common, the unique structural feature essential for the biological activity of these compounds. This invention also provides for pharmaceutical formulations that employ these novel compounds.

Abstract: Derivatives of glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) and especially GLP-1(7-36) have been found to have insulinotropic activity. The invention pertains to the use of GLP-1(7-36) for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Combination therapy comprising RXR modulators and glucose reabsorption inhibitors useful for the treatment of diabetes and Syndrome X are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aliphatic compound represented by the following formula (I) or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof: where n denotes an integer of 1 to 11, and 1 denotes an integer of 1 to 16, the aliphatic compound being an optical isomer of the (2R,3S,2′S) configuration when the 8-position thereof is a double bond, or an optical isomer of the (2S,3R,2′RS) configuration when the 8-position is a single bond; methods for producing the compound or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof; and uses of the compound in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (e.g. arteriosclerosis, cardiac diseases), cancer, rheumatism, diabetic retinopathy, and respiratory diseases.

Abstract: The present invention describes isolated Fagopyritol A1, isolated Fagopyritol A3, and isolated Fagopyritol B3. Compositions which include two or more of Fagopyritol A1, Fagopyritol A2, Fagopyritol A3, Fagopyritol B1, Fagopyritol B2, Fagopyritol B3, and D-chiro-inositol, at least one of which is an isolated Fagopyritol A1, isolated Fagopyritol A3, or isolated Fagopyritol B3, are also disclosed. Methods for preparing substantially pure Fagopyritol A1, Fagopyritol A3, Fagopyritol B3, or mixtures thereof from buckwheat are also described. The fagopyritols can be used to prepare pharmaceutical compositions, the administration of which can be used to treat diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to molecules such as peptides, polypeptides and proteins which interact immunologically with antibodies or T-cells in subjects having pre-clinical or clinical Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM). These molecules are preferentially immunoreactive to T-cells in subjects having pre-clinical or clinical IDDM and are useful in the development of diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic agents for IDDM.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrazole-O-glycoside derivatives represented by the following formulae, used as a diabetic medicine.

Abstract: Disclosed are TGF-&agr; polypeptides, related polypeptides, fragments and mimetics thereof useful in stimulating stem cell or precursor cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. The methods of the invention are useful to treat tissue injury as well as expand stem cell populations in, or obtained from, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, urogenital, neurological and cardiovascular tissues. The methods include ex vivo and in vivo applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of identifying novel agents that increase glucose dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells as well as methods of treating diabetes using the agents which have an inhibitory effect on the activity of pancreatic islet cell phosphodiesterases (“PDE”) enzyme, namely PDE1C. The methods described herein are based upon the inventor's surprising discovery that inhibition of PDE1C increases glucose dependent insulin secretion. Specifically, the present invention provides for a method of identifying therapeutic agents that act to increase the release of insulin from pancreatic islet cells. The method of identification provided herein is used to determine the effects of isozyme specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors on insulin secretion from cultured pancreatic &bgr;-cells. Also provided are agents that have an inhibitory effect on the activity of PDE1C in pancreatic cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel use of polysaccharides (PL) from Phellinus linteus for treating diabetes mellitus, which provides medicine or food comprising polysaccharide as active components.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for utilizing a PTPase inhibiting compounds and one or more insulins in methods for use in control and maintenance of type II diabetes in a mammal, for improving the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk profiles, reduction of hyperlipidemia, lowering low density lipoprotein blood levels, lowering free fatty acid blood levels and triglyceride levels and inhibition, prevention or reduction of atherosclerosis in a type II diabetic, or the risk factors thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a multilayered dosage form which is adapted for retention in the stomach and useful for the prolonged delivery of an active agent to a fluid environment of use. The active agent dosage form is a multilayer core, often bilayer, formed of polymer matrices that swell upon contact with the fluids of the stomach. At least one layer of the multilayered dosage form includes an active agent. A portion of the polymer matrices are surrounded by a band of insoluble material that prevents the covered portion of the polymer matrices from swelling and provides a segment of the dosage form that is of sufficient rigidity to withstand the contractions of the stomach and delay expulsion of the dosage form from the stomach until substantially all of the active agent has been dispensed.

Abstract: Therapeutic compositions including a species of Coxiella or one or more antigenic components therefrom or analogous or homologous components thereof are disclosed. These compositions are useful in preventing, inhibiting, delaying onset of or otherwise ameliorating the effects of an autoimmune disease in a mammal, particularly insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). They arm also useful in prolonging survival of islet tissue transplanted into a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the treatment or prevention of preferably non-insulin dependent (NIDDM or so-called Type II) diabetes mellitus, or other conditions associated with impaired glucose tolerance such as obesity, and in particular to the use of phytanic acid derivatives for the said treatment and/or prevention. A method of making a composition for the treatment or prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and related diseases comprising combining phytanic acid or derivatives thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive or adjuvant, and a composition for the treatment or prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus comprising phytanic acid or derivatives thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Crystalline complexes are obtained from a 1:1 or 2:1 mixtures of either the (D) or (L) enantiomer of natural amino acids and compounds of formula wherein R1, R2 and R2a are independently hydrogen, OH, OR5, alkyl, —OCHF2, —OCF3, —SR5a or halogen; R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, OH, OR5b, alkyl, cycloalkyl, CF3, —OCHF2, —OCF3, halogen, —CONR6R6a, —CO2R5c, —CO2H, —COR6b, —CH(OH)R6c, —CH(OR5d)R6d, —CN, —NHCOR5e, —NHSO2R5f, —NHSO2Aryl, —SR5g, —SOR5h, —SO2R5i, or a five, six or seven membered heterocycle which may contain 1 to 4 heteroatoms in the ring which are N, O, S, SO, and/or SO2, or R3 and R4 together with the carbons to which they are attached form an annelated five, six or seven membered carbocycle or heterocycle which may contain 1 to 4 heteroatoms in the ring which are N, O, S, SO, and/or SO2; R5, R5a, R5b, R5c, R5d, R5e, R5f, R5g, R5h and R5i are independently alkyl; R6

Abstract: The two carbohydrate mixture of this invention utilizes a source of fructose in combination with at least one readily digestible glucose polymer source. The addition of the fructose significantly decreases the glycemic response when compared to the digestible glucose polymer alone. Additional components may be added to the simple two component carbohydrate mixture to form a carbohydrate system suitable for incorporation into an enteral nutritional. This carbohydrate system optionally incorporates nonabsorbent carbohydrates, dietary fiber and indigestible oligosaccharides. The present invention is also directed to an enteral nutritional which incorporates the two component carbohydrate mixture and less than 37% of calories from fat. Additionally, the invention is directed to a method of delivering nutrients to a person with diabetes by feeding the enteral nutritional.

Abstract: Disclosed are chimeric proteins having IL-10 fused to an enzymatically inactive polypeptide which increases the circulating half-life of IL-10. The chimeric polypeptides are useful for treating or preventing septic shock, inhibiting the development of Type I diabetes, and treating multiple myeloma in a patient.

Abstract: Adverse inflammatory reactions can be treated by administrating to an organism a composition having diglucosylamine as the active ingredient. The preferred compound is di-Beta-D-glucopyranosylamine. A simple method for making diglucosylamine in high purity is obtained by reacting glucose, a nitrogen containing base, and either methanol or ethanol to form the diglucosylamine and then recovering the diglucosylamine preferably with the use of charcoal. The preferred diglucosylamine, di-Beta-D-glucopyranosylamine, has extraordinary anti-inflammatory activity. It can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to make pharmaceutical compositions which are effective in treating inflammations. This pharmaceutical composition can also be used to treat adverse inflammatory reactions that are the result of the disruptions of a dynamic network of cellular mechanisms in organisms.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a herbal medicinal composition for preventing or treating type II diabetes. The composition is comprised of extracts from Pterocarpus marsupium, Morus alba, Orthosiphon aristatus, Opiophogon japonicus, Rosa rugosa, Commelina communis, Trichosanthis kirilowii and Anemarrhena asphodeloides.

Abstract: The invention concerns exendin analogues which can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The invention also concerns processes for preparing these substances and medicaments containing them. The exendin analogues are derived from SEQ ID:1(I) or SEQ ID:2(II).

Abstract: The invention concerns the field of pharmaceutics and dietetics. More particularly, the invention concerns pharmaceutical and/or dietetic mushroom-based compositions, characterised in that they contain one or several edible mushrooms with therapeutic properties and chitosan.

Abstract: The present invention provides an isolated population of cells containing an expressible nucleic acid encoding proinsulin containing a proinsulin cleavage site and a glucose-regulated expressible nucleic acid encoding a protease capable of cleaving the proinsulin cleavage site to produce insulin. The invention also provides an isolated population of cells which further express a hexosamine synthetic pathway enzyme. The invention additionally provides vectors containing an expressible nucleic acid encoding proinsulin containing a proinsulin cleavage site and a glucose-regulated expressible nucleic acid encoding a protease capable of cleaving the proinsulin cleavage site to produce insulin. The invention further provides a method of treating or preventing diabetes by implanting into an individual cells coexpressing proinsulin containing a proinsulin cleavage site and a glucose-regulated protease capable of cleaving the proinsulin cleavage site to produce insulin.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing the optically pure (−) isomer of amlodipine. This compound is a potent drug for the treatment of hypertension while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the racemic mixture of amlodipine. The (−) isomer of amlodipine is also useful for the treatment of angina and such other conditions as may be related to the activity of (−) amlodipine as a calcium channel antagonist such as cerebral ischemia, cerebral disorders, arrhythmias, cardiac hypertrophy, coronary vasospasm, myocardial infarction, renal impairment and acute renal failure, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the racemic mixture of amlodipine.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of reducing mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction. GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, or a GLP-1 derivative, is administered at a dose effective to normalize blood glucose.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymannuronate composition including polymannuronate having molecular weight from about 4,000 to about 500,000 in a high purity. The composition can be used in producing nutritional compositions such as functional foods and health aids. Also, the composition can be used in a pharmaceutical composition along with a pharmaceutical carrier. The composition has various effects, including controlling serum lipids, preventing hyperlipidemia, preventing obesity, preventing diabetes, enhancing functions of liver, expelling heavy metals from a body, etc. Further disclosed is a process to producing the polymannuronate composition, in which alginate is hydrolyzed and then the polymannuronate components are isolated. Further disclosed herein is a composition produced by that process. In the hydrolysis, an organic acid is preferably used, and the isolation of the polymannuronate involves adjustment of pH of the resulting mixture of the hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to molecules derived from guggulipid extract which are capable of reducing insulin resistance in humans. The invention further relates food compositions and medicaments comprising such molecules which can be used to treat and/or prevent insulin resistance and the symptoms thereof.

Abstract: Systemic delivery of insulin to a mammalian host is accomplished by inhalation of a dry powder of insulin. It has been found that dry insulin powders are rapidly absorbed through the alveolar regions of the lungs.

Abstract: A method for producing mushroom mycelia and uses of the mushroom mycelia. Mushroom mycelia can be cultured at low cost in a broth made of the water from the washing of grains. Also, mushroom mycelia rich in trace minerals can be cultured in a broth supplemented with trace minerals. Feeding of feedstuffs mixed with the mushroom mycelia culture produces duck meats with excellent taste and quality and low cholesterol content.

Abstract: An orally administered, novel dietary supplement or therapeutic composition capable of insulin-like activity in animals, preferably humans, is provided. Contained in the composition are therapeutically effective amounts of vanadyl sulfate, alpha-lipoic acid, taurine, and chromium carnitine. The composition is preferably orally administered on a daily basis for at least about 4 weeks and can be used by normal, healthy individuals as well as diabetics.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of weight, and to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses to which such modulators may be put. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to the elucidation and discovery of nucleotide sequences, and proteins putatively expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability to participate in the control of mammalian body weight. The nucleotide sequences in object represent the genes corresponding to the murine and human ob gene, that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Preliminary data, presented herein, suggests that the polypeptide product of the gene in question functions as a hormone.

Abstract: A method for reducing mammalian serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels, by ingesting a stabilized rice bran derivative selected from the group consisting of an enzyme treated stabilized rice bran, an insolubilized fraction and mixtures thereof, thereby reducing serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels in said mammal.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a medicament for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes or diabetes complications, which has an action of reducing the blood sugar level. The present invention provides a medicament for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes or diabetes complications which comprises, as an active ingredient, a mixture of cyclic and/or straight chain poly lactic acids having a condensation degree of 3 to 19.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of using a pharmacological combination of a biguanide agents, such as metformin, and one or more PTPase inhibiting agents and, optionally, one or more sulfonlylurea agents, including glyburide, glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, or tolazamide, for treatment in a mammal of Syndrome X, type II diabetes or metabolic disorders mediated by insulin resistance or hyperglycemia. Further included in this invention is a method of modulating blood glucose levels in a mammal utilizing the combination of one or more PTPase inhibiting agents and one or more sulfonlylurea agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides high mechanical strength amphiphilic polymeric networks and implantable biological devices made therefrom that are capable of encasing and, thus, immunoisolating biological material from an immunological response of a host individual. The present invention also provides methods for making the amphiphilic networks and implantable biological devices. The present invention also provides a method for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus comprising the steps of encasing a sufficient amount of islet of Langerhans cells within said biological device, wherein said biological device is capable of immunoisolating said encased islet cells upon implantation into an individual; implanting said biological device into a diabetic host individual; allowing said implanted biological device to remain implanted in said diabetic individual for a time sufficient to normalize the blood glucose level in said diabetic individual.

Abstract: Compounds having a mimetic or antagonistic property of an inositol phosphoglycan, and the uses of these compounds are disclosed, together with the use, e.g. to treat a condition ameliorated by administration of an IPG second messenger or an IPG antagonist thereof. Preferred compounds of the invention are based on the substituted cyclitols, and in particular, the compounds are based on the 1,6 linkage of two or more sugar residues to a cyclitol.

Abstract: Derivatives of C2-substituted indan-1-ol compounds, processes for their preparation and their use are disclosed. In particular, the invention relates to compounds of the formula I and to their physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives. The compounds are suitable, for example, for use as anorectics.

Abstract: A diabetic nutrition and weight loss drink powder composition comprising a major amount of isolated soy protein, milk protein isolate, and fructose; a minor amount of inulin, guar gum, potassium chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, and flavoring selected from the group of strawberry, vanilla and chocolate; and a minute amount of a 24 vitamin and mineral mixture, D,L-methionine, magnesium oxide, a dried cream extract, coloring, precipitated silicon dioxide, and acesulfame potassium salt; whereby addition of the composition to water results in a tasteful, nutritious drink for diabetic people.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel complexes consisting of certain GLP-1 molecules associated with a divalent metal cation that is capable of co-precipitating with a GLP-1 molecule. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using such complexes for enhancing the expression of insulin in B-type islet cells is claimed, as is a method for treating maturity onset diabetes mellitus in mammals, particularly humans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, more particularly, arsenolite (solid As4O6) and composition containing the same. The arsenolite of the present invention inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation so that it can be used for medication of various angiogenic diseases.