Abstract: Provided are therapies, including combination therapies, for the treatment of lung inflammation, including interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which include the use of at least one histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) polypeptide or an expressible polynucleotide that encodes the HRS polypeptide, alone or in combination with at least one immunomodulatory agent.

Abstract: Several classes of in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, such as chronic inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, and of diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary disease, and Alzheimers disease. The in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds can be attached to known drug vectors and/or known anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin.

Abstract: The invention features methods of treating a macrophage-associated neurodegenerative disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), or multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject by administering chlorite in an amount effective to decrease blood immune cell activation. The invention also features methods of monitoring therapy by assessing blood immune cell activation before and after therapy.

Abstract: Several classes of in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, such as chronic inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, and of diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary disease, and Alzheimers disease. The in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds can be attached to known drug vectors and/or known anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin.

Abstract: Filamentous bacteriophage which does not display an antibody or a non-filamentous bacteriophage antigen on its surface is used to inhibit or treat brain inflammation associated with amyloid deposits and/or involving activated microglia, to inhibit the formation of amyloid deposits, and to disaggregate pre-formed amyloid deposits.

Abstract: A method for the treatment and prophylaxis of conditions of aging due oxidative stress and as growth factors of stem cells. Such conditions due to oxidative stress are associated with a decreased presence of one or more cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes in the tissue of a subject. Such conditions include but are not limited to alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, autism, lou gehrig's disease, huntington's disease, diabetes mellitus, amyloid diseases, atherosclerosis, arthritis, osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis. The method comprises administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective, non-toxic amount of one or more compounds that increases the presence of one or more Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes whose levels have been reduced in the subject.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a composition maintaining a blood coenzyme Q concentration at a high level in blood for a prolonged period of time, in order to surely attain an effect of coenzyme Q, which can be expected to manifest a superior effect in maintaining health in humans and animals. By using a composition which comprises a coenzyme Q being a mixture of a reduced coenzyme Q and an oxidized coenzyme Q with the proportion of the reduced coenzyme Q to the whole coenzyme Q of more than 95% by weight, the present invention can attain a high maximum blood concentration of a coenzyme Q as well as long maintenance of high concentration of coenzyme Q in blood for a prolonged period of time, and the area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) can be expanded.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, and/or diseases characterized by the presence of certain metal ions, by using certain compositions including organosilicon compounds. A composition of the invention may be administered to a mammal, such as a human. In some cases, the composition may include a silanol, a silandiol, a silantriol, or a cyclic organosilane, and/or be able to form a silanol, a silandiol, or a silantriol upon exposure to physiological conditions such as are found in the blood, in the stomach and/or gastrointestinal tract, or in the brain or other organ. In certain cases, the organosilicon compound may be bound to a moiety able to be transported across the blood-brain barrier into the brain, for example, an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, a virus, etc. The organosilicon compound may also be labeled (e.g., fluorescently or radioactively) in certain instances.

Abstract: Provided is a novel use of therapeutic concentrations of an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), including lithium or any other GSK-3 inhibitor, to block, reduce or inhibit processing of amyloid precursor proteins to beta-amyloid (A?) peptides, which are now believed to be the principal cause of Alzheimer's disease, thereby providing methods useful for the prevention, inhibition or reversal of the disease. Also provided are methods of using agents that specifically target the ? isoform of GSK-3, which is responsible for APP processing, making such selective GSK-3?-specific inhibitors especially useful in the treatment, prevention, and possible reversal of Alzheimer's disease. Further provided are kits and screening methods associated with the present methods.

Abstract: The use of Afamin, in particular in combination with vitamin E is described for producing a preparation for the treatment of oxidative stress.

Abstract: A method for the treatment and prophylaxis of conditions of aging in humans, such conditions of aging associated with a decreased presence of one or more cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes. Such conditions include chronic neurodegenerative conditions including dementia such as Alzheimer's disease. The method comprises administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective, non-toxic amount of a compound that increases the presence of one or more cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes whose levels are reduced in the patient. Such compound may be the cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzyme, a compound that when absorbed by the body reacts or dissociates to form the cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzyme, or a compound that promotes the natural generation of the cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzyme within the body.

Abstract: Methods for the production of purified, catalytically active, recombinant memapsin 2 have been developed. The substrate and subsite specificity of the catalytically active enzyme have been determined and were used to design substrate analogs of the natural -2 substrate that can inhibit the function of memapsin 2. Processes for the synthesis of two substrate analogues including isosteres at the sites of the critical amino acid residues were developed and the substrate analogues, OMR99-1 and OM99-2, were synthesized. The inhibition constant of OM99-2 is 1.6×10?9 M against recombinant pro-memapsin 2. Crystallography of memapsin 2 bound to this inhibitor was used to determine the three dimensional structure of the protein, and the importance of the various residues in binding. This information is useful for designing new inhibitors to memapsin 2, for diagnosing and treating and/or preventing Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Several classes of in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, such as chronic inflammatory, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, and of diseases with a strong inflammatory component, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary disease, and Alzheimers disease. The in vivo carbon monoxide-releasing compounds can be attached to known drug vectors and/or known anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin.

Abstract: A method for the treatment and prophylaxis of conditions of aging in humans, such conditions of aging associated with a decreased presence of cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes in the brain, such as conditions associated with chronic neurodegenerative conditions including dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, which method includes the administering over an extended period of time, ranging from 6 months to 5 years, of a pharmaceutically effective, non-toxic amount of a compound that increases the presence of cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes in the brain. That compound may be the cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzyme, a compound that when absorbed by the body reacts or dissociates to form the cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzyme, or a compound that promotes the natural generation of the cell-specific carbonic anhydrase enzyme within the body.

Abstract: The invention concerns the field of pharmaceutics and dietetics. More particularly, the invention concerns pharmaceutical and/or dietetic mushroom-based compositions, characterised in that they contain one or several edible mushrooms with therapeutic properties and chitosan.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of riluzole or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts for preventing and/or treating acoustic traumas and, in particular, different types of deafness and tinnitus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of certain pyrido[1,2-a]-pyrazine derivatives, also described as bis-azabicyclic compounds and defined by the formula (I) herein, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and microadenomas in mammals, and to related compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel felbamate derivatives and their use to treat neurological diseases such as epilepsy and to treat tissue damage resulting form ischemic events. The felbamate derivatives are modified to prevent the formation of metabolites that are believed responsible for the toxicity associated with felbamate therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: X represents chlorine or fluorine or CF3, R represents hydrogen or a group and methods for using the same.

Abstract: The use of (+)-sibutramine in the treatment of depression, obesity, Parkinson's disease, cerebral function disorders and diabetes is described.

Abstract: A composition is prepared by extracting and isolating phytochemical fractions from plant matter for treatment for neurological conditions and especially for migraine headaches, inflammations, dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. The composition is enriched, preferably with two or more different fractions, namely: isoflavones, lignans, saponins and saponogenins, catechins, and phenolic acids. The two selected fractions are different from each other and are combined specifically to form a composition to treat a neurological condition. Soy is the preferred source of these phytochemicals; however, other plants may also be used, such as wheat, psyllium, rice, oats, red clover, kudzu, alfalfa, flax, and cocoa. The composition may be delivered in an easy to use or consume form, such as cream, pills, tablets, capsules, pellets, dry powder, health bars, food ingredients and supplements, soft gels, and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating a cognitive dysfunction comprising administering an effective amount of 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno(2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of pramipexole as a neuroprotective agent.

Abstract: A composition is prepared by extracting phytochemicals from plant matter and is administered to provide treatment for mental conditions and nerve problems, especially neurological symptoms, immunological symptoms, migraine headaches, inflammations and dementia. This composition is enriched preferably with two or more fractions of plant matter, namely: isoflavones, lignans, saponins, sapogenins, catechins and phenolic acids. The isoflavones are taken from a group including malonyl, acetyl, glucoside and aglycone. Soy is the preferred source of these chemicals; however, other plants may also be used, such as wheat, psyllium, rice, oats, red clover, kudzu, alfalfa, flax, and cocoa. The composition is a dietary supplement for treatment of various syndromes and disorders presented in a concentrated, easily delivered and consumed dosage, such as a health bar.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the signs or symptomatology in a patient with a neurologic condition or disease, or in a patient due to effects of exposure to an exogenous substance, such as a pharmaceutical agent, comprising selecting a patient having at least one sign or symptom selected from the group consisting of akinesia, bradykinesia, dyskinesias, gait disturbances, posture disturbances, rigid limbs, speech impairments and tremor and administering to the patient one or more than one effective doses of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a fast-dissolving tablet for oral administration comprising as an active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of galanthamine hydrobromide (1:1) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, characterized in that said carrier comprises a spray dried mixture of lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose (75:25) as a diluent, and a disintegrant; and with a direct compression process of preparing such fast-dissolving tablets.

Abstract: A method of increasing glutathione levels in mammalian cells comprising administering an oral bolus of encapsulated pharmaceutically stabilized glutathione in a rapidly dissolving formulation to a mammal on an empty stomach. Pharmaceutical formulations including glutathione are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of-treating a relatively aged animal to reverse age-related changes in the lipid composition of organ and tissue cells, such as heart muscle cells, and the ability of the animal to withstand respiratory stress. A suspension of small unilamellar vesicles composed predominantly of egg phosphatidyl choline is administered parenterally to the animal, preferably over a period of several days and at a dose level of between about 0.1 and 1 grams lipid per kg body weight per day. Changes in the heart muscle cells are reflected in decreased levels of serum creatine phosphokinase. Liposome administration is continued until the serum creatine phosphokinase level drops at least about 50%. Also disclosed are liposome treatment methods for increasing longevity and male fertility.

Abstract: The present invention provides a medicament for neurodegenerative diseases comprising zonisamide or an alkali metal salt thereof as an active ingredient. The present medicament can be used in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, choreic syndrome and dystonic syndrome in mammals (including human).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of certain pyrido[1,2-a]-pyrazine derivatives, also described as bis-azabicyclic compounds and defined by the formula (I) herein, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and microadenomas in mammals, and to related compositions.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of a neurological disorder of neurotrauma or for improving memory in a patient comprising a therapeutically effective amount of S-(−)-N-proparygl-1-aminoindan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically active carrier. The pharmaceutical compositions are adapted, in particular for treating a neurological hypoxia or anoxia, neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, neurotoxic injury, head trauma injury, spinal trauma injury or any other form of nerve damage.

Abstract: This invention provides esters of propofol (2,6,-diisoprophenol). The propofol esters are soluble in water and metabolize rapidly to propofol in the body. The propofol esters are useful as pro-drugs for the same indications as propofol. This invention also provides methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases by administering as effective amount of propofol.

Abstract: A delayed and sustained release composition of an additive and/or toxic agent such as nicotine is delivered systemically in therapeutic amounts while avoiding the peak plasma levels which gives rise to addiction and/or toxic side effects. The composition is delivered for absorption predominantly from the colon.

Abstract: It has been discovered that the stimulation of &bgr;-adrenergic receptors, which activate cAMP formation, give rise to increased APP and GFAP synthesis in astrocytes. Hence, the in vitro or in vivo exposure of neuronal cells to certain compositions comprising &bgr;-adrenergic receptor ligands or agonists, including, e.g., norepinephrine, isoproterenol and the like, increases APP mRNA transcription and consequent APP overproduction. These increases are blocked by &bgr;-adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as propranolol. The in vitro or in vivo treatment of these cells with 8Br-cAMP, prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), forskolin, and nicotine ditartrate also increased APP synthesis, including an increase in mRNA and holoprotein levels, as well as an increase in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Compositions and methods are disclosed of regulating APP overexpression and mediating reactive astrogliosis through cAMP signaling or the activation of &bgr;-adrenergic receptors.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a medicinal composition comprising coenzyme Q10 as an active ingredient, which composition features an enhanced absorption after oral administration. The present invention is directed to a medicinal composition comprising coenzyme Q10 as an active ingredient with the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 accounting for more than 20 weight % of said coenzyme Q10.

Abstract: A method of treating age related behavorial problems in dogs is disclosed. The method involves administering adrafinil or a metabolite thereof to an animal in need of such treatment.

Abstract: A method for the administration of glutathione orally comprising the administration of a bolus of glutathione which is pharmaceutically stabilized and encapsulated. The glutathione is administered on an empty stomach. The preferred stabilizer is ascorbic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of pramipexole as a neuroprotective agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quiniolin-3-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for enhancing cognition, particularly in Alzheimer's Disease, a method of enhancing cognition and pharmaceutically acceptable salts such as the hemi camphor sulfonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating depression, mood swings, or Alzheimer's disease in a patient in need of such treatment by administering a selective estrogen receptor modulating compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydroxy and alkoxy of one to four carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently methyl or ethyl, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a pyrrolidino, methyl-pyrrolidino, dimethylpyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, or hexamethyleneimino ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition of soft-shelled turtles and tortoises (TT composition) and a method for the preparation of the same. It also relates to the extensive use which is beneficial to human being.

Abstract: The protein, cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor (CDF), also known as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is described, together with the use of the polypeptide to stimulate neuron growth and survival in animals either by direct administration or by autotransplantation of adrenal medullary cells converted to the cholinergic phenotype.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and composition for treating obesity or related disorders in animals using an anorectic agent and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The composition effectively diminishes caloric intake, may alter metabolism, weight gain, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, drugs having pharmacological properties which are useful in the medicinal therapy of fibrotic disease for the reparation and prevention of fibrotic lesional tissues, such drugs including as active ingredient(s) one or more N-substituted 2-(1H) pyridone(s) and/or N-substituted 3-(1H) pyridones. The composition of this invention is novel as an anti-fibrotic drug, namely, as an agent for treating fibrosis. Any existing compounds have not been shown to be effective for the reparation and prevention of fibrotic lesions.

Abstract: Therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one carbonyl trapping agent alone or in combination with a therapeutically effective of a co-agent or medicament are disclosed. The compositions are used to treat a mammal suffering from a neurological disease characterized by covalent bond crosslinking between the nerve cells, other cellular structures and their intracellular and extracellular components, with disease induced carbonyl-containing aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons present in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of pramipexole as a neuroprotective agent.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition suitable for the treatment of a condition selected from the group consisting of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression or combinations thereof comprising various mixtures of the aqueous extracts of tissue of specific Chinese plants and herbs. A method of preparing the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention and a method for treating a patient therewith are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and composition for treating obesity or related disorders in animals using an anorectic agent and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The composition effectively diminishes caloric intake, may alter metabolism, weight gain, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating CNS disorders and/or improving cognitive ability in a mammal utilizing 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol monocarbamate is disclosed. Also disclosed are formulations and methods for manufacturing this compound.

Abstract: The administration of Somatostatin and growth hormone releasing factor at useful dosage levels alleviates the symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders.Growth hormone and neuropsychiatric responses to the administration of growth hormone releasing factor to mammals indicate its usefulness as an antemortem marker for senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.