Abstract: Methods for treating muscular wasting diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy are disclosed. Specifically, the methods include administering to a subject in need of treatment for a muscular wasting disease, an NF-?B activation inhibitor capable of blocking the activation of NF-?B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and methods which may be useful as treatments of neuromuscular diseases such as muscular dystrophy, and as inhibitors of NF-?B for the treatment or prevention of muscular wasting disease, including muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treatment for muscular dystrophies, including Duchenne, Becker, limb-girdle, facioscapulohumeral, congenital muscular dystrophies and the like using a combination of nitric oxide-releasing and anti-inflammatory compounds.

Abstract: A method of treating sarcopenia in warm-blooded animals comprising administering to warm-blooded animals in need thereof an amount of an extract of Ginkgo biloba comprising from 5.5 to 8% in total of ginkgolides A, B, C and J, from 40 to 60% of flavoneglycosides and from 5 to 7% of bilobalide sufficient to treat sarcopenia.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of Ginkgo biloba extracts, and in particular Ginkgo biloba extracts comprising 20 to 30% of flavoneglycosides, 2.5 to 4.5% in total of gingkolides A, B, C and J, 2 to 4% of bilobalide, less than 10% of proanthocyanidins and at least 10 ppm of alkylphenol type compounds, for preparing a medicine for treating sarcopenia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: X represents chlorine or fluorine or CF3, R represents hydrogen or a group and methods for using the same.

Abstract: A method of treating myasthenia gravis confined to the eyes iby administering, orally, a therapeutically effective dose the nucleotide (cGMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor Sildenafil either 100 mg. once a day, or 25 mg. four times a day. The object of this oral therapy being the alleviation of myasthenic complications such as diplopia and ptosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a muscle protein proteolysis inhibiting agent comprising antibody to Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R antibody). Antibodies of animals other than humans such as mice and rats, chimeric antibodies of these antibodies with human antibodies, and reshaped human antibodies and so forth can be used for the IL-6R antibody. The muscle protein proteolysis inhibiting agent of the present invention is useful in the inhibition of muscle protein proteolysis observed in diseases such as cancerous cachexia, sepsis, serious trauma or muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: An agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of muscle tissue degeneration, containing, as an active ingredient, a quinoline compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent of muscle tissue degeneration of the present invention contains a quinoline compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, and shows remarkable inhibitory or improving action on degeneration of the muscle tissues such as necrosis, fibrosis, calcification and the like. The agent is specifically useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary fibrosis and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 is a radical of the formula II --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --A--CH.sub.3 (II) in which A is a covalent bond,--C(O)-- or --C(R.sup.4)(OH)--, are suitable for the production of pharmaceuticals for the modulation of apoptosis. A combination preparation comprising a compound of the formula I and a compound of the formula IV and/or V ##STR2## is suitable for the production of pharmaceuticals for the modulation of apoptosis.

Abstract: The invention covers a method of implanting a living donor cell into a host animal without inflammatory response or rejection of the donor cell by the host animal, by obtaining an uncoated particle of a biocompatible, temperature-independent gel that encapsulates the living donor cell, wherein the uncoated particle provides a molecular weight cutoff that prevents host animal immune cells from entering the particle, yet does not have to prevent entry of host animal IgG and complement into the particle, and implanting the uncoated particle into the host animal.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 is a radical of the formula II --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --A--CH.sub.3 (II) in which A is a covalent bond, --C(O)-- or --C(R.sup.4)(OH)--, are suitable for the production of pharmaceuticals for the modulation of apoptosis. A combination preparation comprising a compound of the formula I and a compound of the formula IV and/or V ##STR2## is suitable for the production of pharmaceuticals for the modulation of apoptosis.

Abstract: The invention covers a method of implanting a living donor cell into a host animal without inflammatory response or rejection of the donor cell by the host animal, by obtaining an uncoated particle of a biocompatible, temperature-independent gel that encapsulates the living donor cell, wherein the uncoated particle provides a molecular weight cutoff that prevents host animal immune cells from entering the particle, yet does not have to prevent entry of host animal IgG and complement into the particle, and implanting the uncoated particle into the host animal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutic uses of clenbuterol in humans and animals. The uses include retarding or reversing muscular atrophy of denervated muscle, alleviating or reversing loss of function arising from surgical or accidental muscular trauma, and alleviating or reversing the loss of muscle function arising from a humorally mediated catabolic state or from temporary disuse of the muscle. Clenbuterol can be mixed with a beta-adrenergic antagonist to obviate or mitigate unwanted side effects without excessively inhibiting the desired therapeutic effects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutic uses of beta-adrenergic antagonists other than clenbuterol in humans and animals. The uses include retarding or reversing muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy, alleviating or reversing peripheral nervous system disease, alleviating or reversing central nervous system disease, retarding or reversing muscular atrophy of denervated muscle, alleviating or reversing loss of function arising from surgical or accidental muscular trauma, and alleviating or reversing the loss of muscle function arising from a humorally mediated catabolic state or from temporary disuse of the muscle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a muscular dystrophy (MD) probe comprising a substantially purified single-stranded nucleic acid sequence capable of hybridizing to a region of DNA on a human X chromosome between the deletion break point at Xp21.3 and the translocation break point at X;11. The invention also relates to a 14 kb cDNA corresponding to the complete MD gene and probes produced therefrom useful in genetic methods of diagnosis of MD. Furthermore, the invention relates to the polypeptide, dystrophin, which corresponds to the MD gene product, and antibodies thereto that are useful in a variety of methods for immunodiagnosis of MD.

Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutic uses of clenbuterol in humans and animals. The uses include retarding or reversing muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy, alleviating or reversing peripheral nervous system disease, and alleviating or reversing central nervous system disease.

Abstract: Administering to a patient of muscular dystrophy a pharmaceutical agent containing glycyrrhizin and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as effective components is effective against muscular dystrophy, particularly, Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy and is highly safe with less side effect.

Abstract: Compositions for and methods of treating muscle weakness and degeneration are described. Such compositions include myogenic cells which are administered by the described methods to one or more affected muscles.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for use in the therapy of pathological states related to disturbances of the nervous stimulus in the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system containing as an active substance the cytidine monophosphate of 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactono-nulosaminic acid. Moreover the invention relates to an improved method for preparing said compound by the condensation of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) with N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), catalyzed by the enzyme CMP-transferase (CMP-acylneuraminate synthase) (EC 2.7.7.43).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of Coenzyme Q in the treatment of slow muscle degeneration, commonly known to those of skill in the art so a dystrophy or atrophy, and the accompanying cardiac complications typically identified in such patients. Administration of Coenzyme Q, and particularly the analog Coenzyme Q.sub.10 (CoQ.sub.10) to humans increases the pumping of blood by the heart, and thereby increases tissue oxygeneration throughout the body. The net physiological effect halts the progression of muscle deterioration and improves cardiac function. An overall improvement in the quality of life for these human subjects is also observed, said patients reportedly experiencing less fatigue.A method for treating human patients with progressive muscular dystrophies or the neurogenic atrophies with Coenzyme Q.sub.10 (CoQ.sub.10) specifically disclosed. The method is similarly effective for the treatment of any form of muscle degeneration or cardiac muscular dysfunction independently.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions of matter having pharmacological activity and which are useful in the treatment of the symptoms of neurological and other disorders, particularly those disorders which are caused by malfunction of the immune mechanism. The present compositions include venoms and/or venom fractions extracted from various elapid and viperid snakes and generally include a postsynaptic component capable of binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of cells, a presynaptic component capable of inhibition of acetylcholine release, and a viperid component stimulative of the immune system. According to the present invention, the viperid component of the present compositions of matter preferably constitutes a venom fraction which is absent certain enzymes such as L-amino acid oxidase and phosphodiesterase, these compositions being of particular utility due to the absence of a hemorrhagic effect when used in the treatment of mammals.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions containing ubiquinone, particularly Coenzyme Q.sub.10, and mixtures of phospholipids having organic or vegetal origin, in weight-ratios ranging from 1/1 to 1/100,000, together with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are useful in the treatment of pathological conditions related to insufficient cerebral perfusion, atherosclerosis or enzymatic impairments involving cerebral metabolic deficiencies, and generally in conditions deriving from cerebral and tissular postanoxy.Said pharmaceutical composition allows a better absorption of Coenzyme Q.sub.10.

Abstract: Muscle protein breakdown or degradation may be reduced or inhibited in mammals, particularly humans recovering from surgery or suffering from a muscle wasting disorder, by administering daily doses of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (ketoleucine) or an appropriate salt of the acid. Seventy millimoles per day of sodium alpha-ketoisocaproate administered for five days after major abdominal surgery was found to significantly reduce urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine, which is a measure of muscle protein breakdown, and thereby to improve nitrogen balance.