Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, and for reducing weight gain. Such compounds are represented by formula (I) as follows: wherein Y and Z are defined herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a ligand of the 5-HT4 receptor or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of this ligand and to a nucleic acid coding for a 5-HT4 receptor or of a functionally equivalent receptor for a drug for treating and/or preventing a pathology associated with an obsessional behavior such as anorexia, bulimia and the addiction to drugs of abuse or obesity. The invention also relates to a method for identifying a compound that is biologically active in the treatment and/or the prevention of a pathology associated with an obsessional conduct or obesity including: a) placing the 5-HT4 receptor or a functionally equivalent receptor in contact with this biologically active compound, and b) the determination of whether this biologically active compound is capable of modulating the basal activity of the 5-HT4 receptor or of a functionally equivalent receptor.

Abstract: A method of increasing the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant cells includes administering to the cells an amount of all-trans-retinoic acid effective to activate transcription factor perosixome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ?/? of the cells.

Abstract: Methods of treating or preventing obesity or obesity related disorders in a subject are provided, comprising administering to the subject a treatment effective in reducing one or more activities of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the subject. Methods of screening for compositions that can modulate one or more EGFR activities are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for treating obesity by peripheral administration of a trkB antagonist. The invention also relates to compositions and kits comprising a trkB antagonist.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: A liquid edible composition with a pH of more than 6, a viscosity below 600 mPas at a shear rate of 100s-1 and 20° C., and a viscosity of at least 125% of the aforementioned viscosity at a pH below 5 and a temperature of 37° C., the composition comprising at least 0.05 wt. % of pectin having a degree of methoxylation between 2 and 50 and/or of alginate; at least 5 mg calcium per 100 ml; and at least 0.1 wt. % indigestible oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerisation between 2 and 60. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for the treatment or prevention of overweight or obesity in mammals, the method comprising the enteral administration to a mammal of an effective amount of the aforementioned composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions without added iron and methods for prophylactic nutritional supplementation and therapeutic nutritional supplementation. Specifically, the method involves administering to an individual a composition comprising carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, pantothenic acid, cobalamin, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, chromium, copper, alpha lipoic acid, and lutein, wherein the composition is free of added iron.

Abstract: A method of treating laminitis in a horse is disclosed, comprising administering to the horse a naturally chelated trace mineral composition; promoting healthy skin, hair and hoof tissue. A method of reducing dietary intake is also disclosed, comprising administering to a horse in need thereof, effective amounts of a naturally chelated trace mineral composition. A method of preparing the chelated trace mineral composition from ocean seabed rock is further disclosed, as well as the chelated trace mineral composition.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: Compositions are described comprising at least partially defatted meal from a plant source containing protein-bound tryptophan, preferably squash seeds, and, optionally, a carbohydrate source provided in an amount capable of facilitating transport of in vivo generated tryptophan across the blood brain barrier. Also described are dietary supplements, foods and beverages comprising the composition of the invention to induce sleep or provide tryptophan supplementation to individuals in need thereof.

Abstract: The use of (+)-sibutramine in the treatment of depression, obesity, Parkinson's disease, cerebral function disorders and diabetes is described.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement for use in managing carbohydrates and enhancing anabolism in mammals is described. The nutritional supplement contains regulated amounts of niacin, chromium, and vanadium, and optionally thiamin, riboflavin, magnesium, and zinc. These vitamins and minerals mimic and/or enhance the physiological effects of insulin in the body. A method of using the composition is also described.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: The comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for treatment of obesity is a procedure which involves the administration of a desired therapeutic range of Diethylpropion and/or Phentermine in combination with a SSRI medication and nutritional supplementation for brief and long durations which may be 12 months or more. The preferred procedure involves the administration of drugs in combination which are identified as: Citalopram (Celexa) and Phentermine; Citalopram (Celexa) and Diethylpropion; Citalopram (Celexa), Phentermine, and Diethylpropion. In addition nutritional supplementation such as a multivitamin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Tyrosine, Calcium, and Lysine may be used to enhance the performance of the weight loss treatment program.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an NK-1 receptor antagonist and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment or prevention of obesity.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel uses of compounds of general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are individually hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or (tertiary amino)(lower alkoxy); and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are individually hydrogen or lower alkyl, or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or-prophylaxis of obesity.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the control of body weight of animals including mammals and humans, and more particularly to materials identified herein as modulators of body weight, and to diagnostic and therapeutic uses of such modulators. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences corresponding to the murine and human OB gene, and two isoforms thereof, and proteins expressed by such nucleotides or degenerate variations thereof, that demonstrate the ability co participate in the control of mammalian body weight and that have been postulated to play a critical role in the regulation of body weight and adiposity. The present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules for use as molecular probes or as primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In further aspects, the present invention provides cloning vectors and mammalian expression vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention.

Abstract: A novel pharmaceutical composition allowing the programmed release of dexfenfluramine containing a water-soluble acid addition salt of dexfenfluramine on a mixture of minigranules, both rapid release and slow release minigranules, permits the attainment of two concentration peaks in the plasma of patients treated therewith.

Abstract: A therapeutic method is provided to manage human body weight in nicotine-experienced or nicotine-naive individuals, comprising of transdermally administering an amount of nicotine metabolites or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to a human in need of such treatment, in an amount which is effective to manage human body weight.

Abstract: Use of amine and amidine containing compounds of formula (I) such as galegine and related substituted amine and amidine containing compounds as agents for reducing weight in mammals, pharmaceutical formulations containing a compound of formula (I) and methods of attaining weight reduction in mammals.

Abstract: A method of controlling weight in mammals by orally administering to the mammal an amount of a pharmaceutical composition containing Hypericum perforatum or active components thereof effective to control the weight of the mammal is described. The pharmaceutical composition also preferably further contains at least one thermogenic agent and at least one agent inhibiting lipogenesis. The at least one thermogenic agent includes one or more of N-acetyl-L-carnitine, cayenne extract, inositol hexanicotinate, niacin or salicin. The at least one agent inhibiting lipogenesis may be hydroxy citric acid. When the pharmaceutical composition includes Hypericum perforatum, at least one thermogenic agent and at least one agent inhibiting lipogenesis, the composition acts to control the weight of the mammal by simultaneously suppressing appetite, inducing thermogenesis and inhibiting lipogenesis.

Abstract: A therapeutic method is provided to alleviate the tobacco withdrawal syndrome, the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal or the management of human body weight in nicotine-experienced or nicotine-naive individuals, comprising of administering an amount of nicotine metabolites or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to a human in need of such treatment, in an amount which is effective to reduce or eliminate at least one of the symptoms of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome, nicotine withdrawal or manage human body weight.

Abstract: The instant invention is concerned with acetylphenols which are useful as antiobesity and antidiabetic compounds. Compositions and methods for the use of the compounds in the treatment of diabetes and obesity and for lowering or modulating triglyceride levels and cholesterol levels or raising high density lipoprotein levels or for increasing gut motility or for treating atherosclerosis are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein: A is a bond, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or --CH(B)--, where n is an integer of 1 to 3 and B is --CN, --CON(R.sup.9)R.sup.9' or --CO.sub.2 R.sup.7 ;R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, --CH.sub.2 OH, cyano, --C(O)OR.sup.7, --CO.sub.2 H, --CONH.sub.2, tetrazole, --CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or halogen; ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, heterocycle or R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or B;R.sup.5, R.sup.5', R.sup.8, R.sup.8' or R.sup.8" are independently hydrogen, alkoxy, lower alkyl, halogen, --OH, --CN, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n NR.sup.6 COR.sup.7, --CON(R.sup.6)R.sup.6', --CON(R.sup.6)OR.sup.6', --CO.sub.2 R.sup.6, --SR.sup.7, --SOR.sup.7, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.7, --N(R.sup.6)SO.sub.2 R.sup.1, --N(R.sup.6)R.sup.6', --NR.sup.6 COR.sup.7, --OCH.sub.2 CON(R.sup.6)R.sup.6', --OCH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.7 or aryl; orR.sup.5 and R.sup.5' or R.sup.8 and R.sup.

Abstract: A composition and method for the control of appetite having food grade nutrients as the active ingredients, and a pharmaceutically acceptable delivery agent, formulated so that the active ingredient is released predominantly in the ileum. The active ingredient may include sugars, fatty acids, polypeptides, and amino acids. The delivery agent may be a pH sensitive coating, a cellulosic polymer coating or a diazotized polymer. The composition may be formulated into pellets of between 1 and 3 mm with a density of around 1.0. The composition may be administered with a liquid as a slurry, or it may be administered in a tablet form. The composition may be used in conjunction with any weight loss or weight maintenance program.

Abstract: A therapeutic method is provided to alleviate the tobacco withdrawal syndrome, the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal or the management of human body weight in nicotine-experienced or nicotine-naive individuals, comprising of administering an amount of nicotine metabolites or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to a human in need of such treatment, in an amount which is effective to reduce or eliminate at least one of the symptoms of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome, nicotine withdrawal or manage human body weight.

Abstract: A weight reduction composition comprises a sympathomimetic agent and a mineral cation salt or chelate capable of enhancing carbohydrate metabolism, protein or fatty acid synthesis, retarding protein breakdown or lowering serum cholesterol levels such as trivalent and hexavalent chromium and vanadium salts and chelates. Preferred is a weight reduction composition containing ephedrine and chromium picolinate. This composition is presented in a variety of formulations, and is suitable for application to the reduction of weight of normal, slightly and grossly overweight humans.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple, pharmacological method for treating obesity without risk of undesirable side effects. It has been discovered that intake of a megadose of a macrolide antibiotic creates an anorexigenic reaction in the human sufficient to result in weight loss. This method can also be used advantageously to assist non-obese persons in losing weight. The present invention relates to a method of treating obesity, comprising the steps of identifying a patient needing to lose weight and administering an appetite suppressing dose of a macrolide antibiotic compound to the patient. The dose of the macrolide antibiotic preferably ranges between a dose greater than a normal clinical dose used to treat bacterial infections and a maximum dose capable of being safely received by the patient without toxicity.

Abstract: An agent for the regulation of the appetite or a sleeping agent, which consists of the activation peptide in procolipase, consisting of the peptide sequenceX-Pro-Y-Pro-Argwhereina) X is Ala and Y is Gly, orb) X is Val and Y is Asp, or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A dietary fibre composition comprising a water-soluble, nononic cellulose ether having a cloud point not higher than 35.degree. C. in combination with a charged surfactant and optional additives in water, the ratio of surfactant to cellulose ether being 1:5 to 1:25 by weight, is a liquid solution at room temperature and a gel in the gastrointestinal tract at body temperature. The dietary fibre composition can be used as a bulk laxative and also as a slimming aid.

Abstract: N,N-dimethyl-1-[ 1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl] -3-methylbutylamine hydrochloride is used in the treatment of obesity in humans.

Abstract: .gamma.-Hydroxybutyric acid and its physiologically equivalent forms are useful in the treatment of the syndromes of abstinence, craving and dependence on drugs, drugs of abuse, psychotropics, stupefacient and/or psychoactive substances, nicotine, or nutritional disorders.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of esters of hexahydro-8-hydroxy-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-3(4H)-one and hexahydro-8-hydroxy-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizines in the manufacture of a medicament for producing an orexigenic effect.

Abstract: A material for food of slow digestion and absorption, characterized by comprising a starchy material having an amylose content in the range of from about 25 to about 60% by weight and a modifier for modifying said starchy material and having the enzymatic reaction ratio with amylase decreased to not more than 95% of unmodified starchy material.

Abstract: A composition and method for the control of appetite having food grade nutrients as the active ingredients, and a pharmaceutically acceptable delivery agent, formulated so that the active ingredient is released predominantly in the ileum. The active ingredient may include sugars, fatty acids, polypeptides, and amino acids. The delivery agent may be a pH sensitive coating, a cellulosic polymer coating or a diazotized polymer. The composition may be formulated into pellets of between 1 and 3 mm with a density of around 1.0. The composition may be administered with a liquid as a slurry, or it may be administered in a tablet form. The composition may be used in conjunction with any weight loss or weight maintenance program.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of decreasing the nitrogen loss in a mammal which is normally associated with the administration of isocaloric solutions. Specifically, the present invention provides compositions comprising from about 4% to 10% dextrose and from about 1/2% to 2% glutamine. Such compositions, when administered to a mammal, reduces dehydration and nitrogen loss to approximately 25% of that found when no solution is administered.

Abstract: Novel methods and compositions for the suppression of the desire for food consumption in warm-blooded animals consisting essentially of the administration of 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides (S)-norfluoxetine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof capable of inhibiting the uptake of serotonin.

Abstract: The present invention provides (R)-norfluoxetine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof capable of selectively occupying 5HT.sub.1c receptors.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating the symptoms of obesity which comprises administering to a human or other mammal suffering from the symptoms of obesity an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of the optically active compounds especially the (-) negative stereoisomers represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 R.sub.2,R.sub.3,R.sub.4,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are defined by the specification substituted or unsubstituted phenyls, pyridyl, hydroxyphenyl, ##STR2## X is oxygen or sulfur, Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, nitro, cyano, azido, amino, acylamino, carboxyamido, trifluoromethyl, sulfate, sulfonamido, halogen, hydrocarbyl and hetero atom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, wherein said heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus and said hydrocarbyl radicals comprise from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a is an integer of from zero to 3,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A dodecapeptide for regulating weight gain in mammals, as defined in the sequence:CHHRKKGYADLYwherein C is cysteine, H is histidine, R is arginine, K is lysine, G is glycine, Y is tyrosine, A is alanine, D is aspartic acid and L is leucine; and the remaining amino acids are each independently glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, cysteine, cystine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, lysine hydroxylysine, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline or hydroxyproline.

Abstract: Cobalt protoporphyrin and cobalt mesoporphyrin are administered to animals to achieve weight loss and improve protein to fat ratio.

Abstract: A method for producing or maintaining weight loss by administering to a human a composition containing an effective amount of each of caffine, aspirin and ephedrine. The pharmaceutical composition can be administered concurrently with caloric restriction or in the absence of caloric restriction, for the purpose of reducing weight or maintaining body weight.

Abstract: The invention is directed to phenethanolamine derivatives and their pharmaceutically compatible salts, having the formula ##STR1## wherein n is the number 1 or 2; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are hydrogen, C.sub.1-3 -(alkyl)carbonyl or C.sub.1-3 (alkoxy) carbonyl; T is hydrogen or methyl; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are phenyl or phenyl which is monosubstituted in the m-position by Br, Cl, F, CF.sub.3 and NO.sub.2 ; Y is --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-6 --O--G, --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-6 --CH.dbd.CH--C(O)--Z, --C(O)--Z or --CH(COOR").sub.2 ; G is C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4 --Q; Q is phenoxy, phenyl, p-fluorophenyl or p-phenoxyphenyl; Z is a --OR or --N(R,R'); R and R' are hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or R and R' together with the N-atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered saturated ring which optionally contains an O-atom or an additional N-atom; and R" is C.sub.1-4 -alkyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides 3-aryloxy-3-substituted propanamines capable of inhibiting the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Abstract: An appetite suppressant oral composition containing Benzocaine, high impact flavor and a sweetening agent, in the form of a dental cream or a mouthspray. A novel method of reducing appetite and thereby intended for controlling weight of consumers, which comprises applying to the oral cavity a high impact flavor in a dentifrice or mouthspray.

Abstract: An appetite suppressant oral composition containing Benzocaine, high impact flavor and a sweetening agent, in the form of a dental cream or a mouthspray. A novel method of reducing appetite and thereby intended for controlling weight of consumers, which comprises applying to the oral cavity a high impact flavor in a dentrifrice or mouthspray.

Abstract: A method of assisting weight loss involving the combined administration of a rauwolfia alkaloid and at least one antidepressant, selected from the groups consisting of aminoazoles, phenoxyphenylpropylamines, and aminopropiophenones, in a daily regimen with the optional co-administration of one or more sympathomimetic anorexic agents. In a typical embodiment of this method, reserpine and trazodone are administered in a daily regimen with diethylpropion, fenfluramine or both diethylpropion and fenfluramine.

Abstract: A novel fructose analog is disclosed which has been found to modify the food intake of mammals. If administered during the diurnal fasting period, the mammals increase their food intakes. If administered during the diurnal feeding period, food intake is decreased. The compound is 2,5-anhydro-1,6-dihalo-1,6-dideoxy-D-mannitol, preferably 2,5-anhydro-1,6-dichloro-dideoxy-D-mannitol ("Charmitol").