Abstract: Disclosed are stable sunscreen compositions and corresponding methods for their use that are effective in protecting skin from UVA and UVB radiation. The composition uses a combination of ingredients to effectively and stably solubilize sunscreen agents to create a stable formulation.

Abstract: Provided is a defoamer for fermentation which has excellent dispersibility in water and forms neither a precipitate nor oil droplets when the dispersion is heated, and which is highly effective in defoaming fermentation media. This defoamer contains a reaction product obtained by mixing a fat or oil having an iodine value of 40 to 130 with glycerin or like in a molar ratio of from 3/2 to 1/2 to obtain a mixture, causing 4 to 17 mol of propylene oxide to add to 1 mol of the mixture, and then causing 20 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and 70 to 110 mol of propylene oxide to block-wise add thereto in this order, the reaction product having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide molar ratio of from 1/4 to 2/5.

Abstract: The invention relates to oil-in-water emulsions based on fatty alcohols and mono- or diesters of glycerol and the use thereof as antifoams or deaerators for aqueous compositions. The oil phase of the emulsions according to the invention consists to at least 95% by weight of the following constituents: a) 40 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the oil phase, of a mixture of at least two alcohols as component A, consisting of: a1) at least one alkanol having 12 to 30 carbon atoms as component A1, a2) at least one mono- or diester of glycerol with at least one fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms as component A2; b) 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the oil phase, of at least one further component B, which is selected from esters of C12-C36-alkanecarboxylic acids with polyglycerol, amides of C12-C36-alkanecarboxylic acids with alkylenediamines or oligoalkyleneamines, and esters of C12-C36-alkanecarboxylic acids with C12-C36-alkanols, and mixtures thereof, c) 4.

Abstract: Cement compositions and processes for reducing air entrainment in a cement composition generally include mixing a hydraulic cement with a defoamer compositions including one or more organic acid ester polymers selected from an organic acid ester of polyethylene oxide polymer, an organic acid ester of polypropylene oxide polymer, and a mixture thereof. The compositions may further comprise an organic acid ester of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to oil-in-water emulsions based on fatty alcohols and the use thereof as antifoams or deaerators for aqueous compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of polyglycerol partial esters as defoamers, in particular in coating and paint applications, to defoamers comprising polyglycerol partial esters, and to corresponding polyglycerol partial esters.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for manufacturing an aqueous formulation containing at least one oil, and comprising the steps of mixing at least one associative polymer, one oil, and water, encapsulating the oil by increasing the pH to a value greater than 8, potentially precipitating the mixture by reducing the pH to a value less than 6, and potentially isolating the resulting particles by removing the water. The aqueous formulations, as with the aqueous dispersions, and the resulting solid particles constitute other objects of the invention.

Abstract: The method separates emulsions derived from whole-cell biotransformations, including stable emulsions derived from typical biocatalytic two-phase processes that result with such a biotransformation. A supercritical extraction to obtain the valuable product can follow directly, because of the use of compressed or supercritical gas as the separation agent. It is unimportant whether the valuable product is present in the aqueous or the organic phase. Recycling of the organic phase is possible, since the surfactant cell components decisively responsible for the formation of the stable emulsion can be separated off via sedimentation, because of the treatment. The achieved separation remains in existence even after the gas has gassed out, so that aside from extraction, other methods for product isolation can also follow, if necessary.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an ester in a reactor, wherein at least a portion of the process components is led in a delivery stream outside the reactor over a heat transfer surface as a film, the ratio of the delivery stream to the heat transfer surface being in a range of from 0.25 to 3 m/h, a device, a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic composition comprising the ester prepared according to the invention, a process for the production of a shaped article comprising the ester according to the invention or the thermoplastic composition according to the invention, a process for the production of a packed product, a process for the production of an at least partly coated object, and uses of the esters according to the invention as an additive in various compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an ester in a reactor, a device, a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic composition comprising the ester prepared according to the invention, a process for the production of a shaped article comprising the ester according to the invention or the thermoplastic composition according to the invention, a process for the production of a packed product, a process for the production of an at least partly coated object, and uses of the esters according to the invention as an additive in various compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an ester from a polyol which is solid at 25° C. and a carboxylic acid component which contains at least 50 wt. % of at least one mono- or polyunsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, based on the total weight of the carboxylic acid component, in a reactor under reduced pressure. The invention also provides a device, a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic composition comprising the ester prepared according to the invention, a process for the production of a shaped article comprising the ester according to the invention or the thermoplastic composition according to the invention, a process for the production of a packed product, a process for the production of an at least partly coated object, and uses of the esters according to the invention as an additive in various compositions.

Abstract: A defoamer composition for water-dilutable paint systems includes one or more glycerides; one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons; and one or more addition products of ethylene oxide (EO) and/or propylene oxide (PO) onto C8-24 fatty alcohols.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for manufacturing an aqueous formulation containing at least one oil, and comprising the steps of mixing at least one associative polymer, one oil, and water, encapsulating the oil by increasing the pH to a value greater than 8, potentially precipitating the mixture by reducing the pH to a value less than 6, and potentially isolating the resulting particles by removing the water. The aqueous formulations, as with the aqueous dispersions, and the resulting solid particles constitute other objects of the invention.

Abstract: Antifoams for the paper industry, based on oil-in-water emulsions in which the oil phase comprises (a) at least one alcohol having at least 12 carbon atoms, fatty acid esters of alcohols having at least 22 carbon atoms and C1- to C36-carboxylic acids, distillation residues which are obtainable in the preparation of alcohols having a carbon number of at least 8 by oxo synthesis or by the Ziegler process and which, if appropriate, are alkoxylated, mixtures of said compounds and/or (b) at least one fatty acid ester of C12- to C22-carboxylic acids with monohydric to trihydric C1- to C18-alcohols and, if appropriate, (c) at least one hydrocarbon having a boiling point above 200° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel class of gelling agents, to a process of preparing said agents, to the use of said agents to prepare gels, and to the gels thus obtained. A gelling agent or thickener according to the invention comprises a core which is functionalized with three amino acid derived groups by means of an amide or urea linkage. It may be used to gelate or thicken numerous solvents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam control compositions and methods for controlling foam in aqueous media by adding to the system an effective amount of the foam control agent of the present invention. The antifoam/defoam compositions of the present invention include a concentration of active ingredients such as a polyalkylene glycol, a fatty alcohol alkoxylate, and an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, the compositions carried in polybutene and surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene fatty acid esters, and dialkyl phthalate. These compositions have been found to be superior in controlling foam versus conventional defoamers. The benefits of the foaming control effect are more evident at moderate to high temperatures and high caustic aqueous media such as Bayer process liquors.

Abstract: Defoamant solution exhibiting improved foam control performance over an extended time under ASTMD 892 or test method comprising base defoamant diluted in GTL fluid and/or hydrodewaxed waxy feed fluid and/or hydroisomerized/catalytic (and/or solvent) dewaxed waxy feed, the defoamant solution remaining clear with no separation over extended periods of time of storage prior to use.

Abstract: A foam reduction agent consisting of dibasic esters is shown and a process using a liquid contact with polystyrene foam wherein the higher boiling temperature of the dibasic esters and contact with the liquid provides a volume reduction process and less evaporation loss as well as safer transportation of the chemicals and the polystyrene in its reduced state. The resulting reduced sludge is also recyclable to superior quality raw polystyrene foam beads and the reduction agents are recoverable for future use. The resulting sludge also has unexpected beneficial uses hereto for unknown as a waterproofing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oil-in-water dispersions which comprise a) at least one water-insoluble oxygen-containing organic substance which is solid at room temperature and b) at least one amide compound of the formula I, ?in which the variables R, R1, R2, A, B, X and Z have the meanings given in the description and the claims, and to the use thereof as antifoams and/or deaerators in aqueous systems which have a tendency toward foam formation.

Abstract: Antifoams and/or deaeraters based on oil-in-water dispersions contain, in the hydrophobic oil phase, 3-thiaalkan-1-ols, 3-thiaoxoalkan-1-ols, 3-thiadioxoalkan-1-ols, esters of said compounds or mixtures thereof as compounds having an antifoam and/or deaerating effect, and 3-thiaalkan-1-ols, 3-thiaoxoalkan-1-ols, 3-thiadioxoalkan-1-ols, esters of said compounds or mixtures thereof are used as antifoams and/or deaeraters.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula H(CH2)zCOO—[C2H4O]xCyH2y+1 where z is 0-2, x is an integer from 1 to 5 and y is an integer from 4-9 are used as emulsion breakers and defoamers in formation treatment fluids in the recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations. A preferred material has the formula HCOO—[C2H4O]3C6H7.

Abstract: A foam reduction agent consisting of dibasic esters is shown and a process using a liquid contact with polystyrene foam wherein the higher boiling temperature of the dibasic esters and contact with the liquid provides a volume reduction process and less evaporation loss as well as safer transportation of the chemicals and the polystyrene in its reduced state. The resulting reduced sludge is also recyclable to superior quality raw polystyrene foam beads and the reduction agents are recoverable for future use. The resulting sludge also has unexpected beneficial uses hereto for unknown as a waterproofing agent.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for controlling the foaming of a waterborne composition or an industrial process by the incorporation of a foam controlling agent.

Abstract: Products of the reaction between I) the reaction product of reactants comprising A) a linking agent of formula I R4(Y)3  (I)  wherein each Y group is a halogen atom or one Y group is a halogen atom and two Y groups represent an oxygen atom, which is attached to two adjacent carbon atoms in the R4 group to form an epoxy group, and R4 is an alkanetriyl group containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; and B) a compound formula II R3(EO)n(PO)m(BO)pX  (II)  wherein R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or araliphatic oxy or thio group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms or a secondary amino group having from 2 to 36 carbon atoms; n is a number of from 0 to 50; m is a number of from 0 to 50; p is a number of from 0 to 50; and X is hydrogen, or X can be a mercapto group or an amino group in place of a terminal —OH group, provided that when X is mercapto or amino; the sum of n, m, and p must be at least 1; and the mole ratio of A:B is from about 0

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion containing from about 0.1 to about 70 weight percent of a mixture of a) one or more alkoxylated alcohols of formula RO(C2H4O)x(C3H6O)yZ  wherein R is straight or branched C4-C40 alkyl; x is 0 to about 25; y is less than 1 to about 50 and Z is H or the residue of an organic acid, and b) an effective emulsifying amount of one or more anionic surfactants and use of the emulsion to inhibit foaming in papermaking processes.

Abstract: A defoaming composition useful in high strength acid media includes an ester condensate of a C12-C20 fatty acid and a at least one alcohol derivative selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alcohol ethoxylates having at least three ethoxylate residues per molecule, C1-C4 alcohol propoxylates having at least three propoxylate residues per molecule and C1-C4 alcohol mixed ethoxylate-propoxylates having at least three total ethoxylate and propoxylate residues per molecule. The condensate is preferably liquid at room temperature and miscible with water.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for controlling foam, i.e., defoaming or inhibiting the formation thereof, in aqueous systems including wastewater systems and in aqueous industrial process systems by adding primary alcohol, alcohol alkoxylate, and emulsifier to the aqueous system, such as in a stable aqueous composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and defoaming compositions for preventing the formation of foam or the entrainment of gas in a liquid fluid or for breaking a previously formed liquid fluid foam.

Abstract: A method for restricting air entrapment in white water of a paper making process is described, which comprises adding to said white water a polysiloxane having an Si--C bonded substituent with at least one ether or alcohol oxygen. Preferably certain siloxane oxyalkylene copolymers or certain siloxane oxyalcohols are used.

Abstract: A method of controlling or preventing foam in an aqueous system is provided, wherein an effective amount of an alkoxylated, epoxidized fatty compound that has been ring-opened with a nucleophile is determined and added to the system. After ring opening with the nucleophile, the epoxidized fatty compound is alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to compound antifoams comprising alkoxylated partial esters--using from 3 to 60 mol of propylene oxide with or without from 1 to 10 mol of styrene oxide and/or from 1 to 10 mol of butylene oxide--of oligoglycerols, obtainable by condensation of 2 to 20 glycerol molecules, with C.sub.8 to C.sub.22 fatty acids and inorganic or organic solids for defoaming polymer dispersions and aqueous coating systems.

Abstract: A method for reducing foam in a blood substance comprising contacting at least a portion of the blood substance with a contact-generating substrate which comprises an antifoaming agent, wherein the antifoaming agent comprises a triglyceride of one or more saturated or unsaturated C.sub.14 -C.sub.24 fatty acids or a mixture of triglycerides having one or more saturated or unsaturated C.sub.14 -C.sub.24 fatty acids, wherein the triglyceride or mixture of triglycerides has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of from 5 to 10.