Abstract: An earth anchor (1) comprises a hub body (3) having a base plate (7). A shank (19) extends downwardly from a bottom surface (21) of the plate. The shank has a beveled lower edge (23) forming a tip (25) for penetrating the ground. A hub (9) extends upwardly from an upper surface (11) of the plate and non-drivingly engages the drive tool. A quadrilaterally formed circumferential side wall (17) extends upwardly from the outer margine of the plate. The side wall is spaced radially outwardly of the hub and forms a sleeve in which a portion of the drive tool is received. The base plate, hub, shank, and side wall are all integrally formed, preferably through forging or casting, forming a hub body of uniform strength, less subject to stress forces, and relatively tight dimensional tolerances. A blade (5) is attachable externally to the hub body.

Abstract: A post for supporting a mailbox or the like having an anchor engaging the ground and having an upper end, an enclosure having a plurality of vertical corner-defining members spaced from each other and including a vertical slot confronting the nearest adjacent corner-defining members and panel members situated between the corner-defining members, brackets fixed to at least some of the members of the enclosure within the intermediate portion for maintaining the relative position of the members, and a spring coupling a lower bracket to the anchor for biasing the lower ends of the vertical members toward the ground to support the enclosure in an upright position.

Abstract: A post anchor (A) is disclosed for anchoring a post (18) and the like in ground soil which comprises an elongated shank (10) having a boring end (14) and a bracket end (16). An auger (B) is carried at least near the boring end of the shank for boring a hole in the soil. A bracket (C) is carried near the bracket end of the shank for attaching the post to the shank. A compactor plate (D) is carried by the shank near the bracket end for compacting the soil between the compactor plate and the auger. A drive coupling (F) attaches to the bracket for connecting to a power drive for rotating the coupling and elongated shank. The drive coupling has a first position for connecting to the bracket for screwing the anchor into the ground and a second position for connecting it to the bracket for screwing the anchor out of the ground. A stabilizing cap (G) includes a footing plate (52) and a vertical stabilizing rim (56) which penetrates the soil to stabilize the anchor against lateral forces in 360 degrees of direction.

Abstract: A highway sound barrier formed by one or more panels mounted in a vertical abutting relation, each of the panels being formed from one or more self-supporting foam cement blocks. Each of the blocks having a foam core, a reinforcement grid mounted on the exposed surfaces of the core and a cementitious coating applied to the reinforcement grid for securing the grid to the foam core and to increase the compressive strength of the blocks. Thicknesses of the blocks being sufficient to form a load bearing structure. The panels being anchored to the ground by a helical screw anchor rod embedded in a concrete pad, with the support posts being mounted in either a common verticle plane or alternately offset.

Abstract: A post anchor (A) is disclosed for anchoring a post (18) and the like in ground soil which comprises an elongated shank (10) having a boring end (14) and a bracket end (16). An auger (B) is carried at least near the boring end of the shank for boring a hole in the soil. A bracket (C) is carried near the bracket end of the shank for attaching the post to the shank. A compactor plate (D) is carried by the shank near the bracket end for compacting the soil between the compactor plate and the auger. A drive coupling (F) attaches to the bracket for connecting to a power drive for rotating the coupling and elongated shank. The drive coupling has a first position for connecting to the bracket for screwing the anchor into the ground and a second position for connecting it to the bracket for screwing the anchor out of the ground.

Abstract: A holder for umbrellas having an elongated and straight handle that have cylindrical receiving assembly for receiving said umbrella handle. A helical assembly having an upper termination including a threaded portion for cooperatively mating with a threaded opening of the receiving assembly and a lower termination with a screw member that is driven in the ground by easily applying a torque through a stabilizing base member, having substantially a flat and round shape, that is removably sandwiched between the cylindrical receiving assembly and the helical assembly. The base member includes a central square opening sufficiently large to permit the upper threaded termination through and snuggly housing a nut.

Abstract: A device for supporting a building structure or the like includes an elongate shaft which is of square cross section and has a short length of screw flight at a lower end and the male screw threaded portion at an upper end extending coaxially with the shaft. A stabilizer in the form of a sleeve arranged to closely surround the square shaft together with three wings to be hammered downwardly into the ground surrounding the shaft after the shaft is screwed into the ground. Various heads can be provided including particularly a building support head in the form of a sleeve with a female screw thread at one end for attachment to the threaded portion of the shaft and a plate separate from the sleeve which can swivel relative to the sleeve to allow adjustment of the height.

Abstract: A ground-anchoring device for anchoring a pole in the ground, comprises a post formed with spiral threads at one end for threading into the ground; a socket at the opposite end for receiving an end of the pole to be anchored in the ground; and a pair of arms pivotally mounted at the opposite end of the post from a horizontal position facilitating the rotation of the post to thread it into the ground, or to a vertical position. The pair of arms include clamping elements movable to a releasing position with respect to the socket when the arms are in their horizontal positions, or to a clamping position when the arms are in their vertical positions to clamp the pole within the socket.

Abstract: A ground anchor has a spike with bit mounted coaxially to a prop of greater width than the spike. A structurally independent platform is provided to be placed about the spike and butted against the prop as the spike is rotatably driven into the ground.

Abstract: A protective structure comprises a plurality of individual sections each one of which coacts with adjacent sections on both sides that are arranged seriatim to form an elongate unit. A closure at one end is removable affording access and egress from the structure and a closure at the other end is fixed in position. The individual sections are made, preferably, of FIBERGLAS that are spray-coated on the inside with a plastic.

Abstract: An anchor for holding an awning in position. The anchor includes at least one auger and one bracket. The auger is screwed into the ground leaving exposed an upper section which has an eye portion. The bracket is a U-shaped bracket which is adapted to fit over and attach to the eye portion of the auger. The bracket is adapted to accommodate viarous sizes of awning post.

Abstract: A ground anchor has an auger fluke defined by a lower leading and upper trailing beveled cutting edges, the shape of the edges being at a non-radial or oblique angle, the disc being vertically separated in the shape of a helix and attached to an axial anchor rod. The rod is set in the ground with a socket tool that is coaxially positioned over the rod. The tool includes a helical slot engagable with the helix of the anchor fluke to rotate the anchor into the ground, to pull test the anchor, and in one embodiment capable to reverse rotate the socket tool for its removal.

Abstract: An earth anchor for embedding within the ground and incorporating a helical blade(s), having flattened side edges, intervened by rounded or arcuate corners, and connecting with its shank for securement with any driving apparatus useful for the power driving of such an earth anchor into the ground; while the shaped blade of this anchor incorporates a lineal cutting edge, and an arcuate cutting edge, that integrally blends into a segment of the lineal side edge of the blade, and which composite edges function as a compound cutting edge for driving of the earth anchor into the soil, and through the exertion of only a reduced force.

Abstract: A picket for anchoring objects to an article is disclosed. The picket includes multiple helically-shaped members disposed about a common longitudinal axis and connected to one another. In one embodiment the object sought to be secured is placed between the end portions of the helically-shaped members and the picket is rotated into engagement with the surface thereby trapping the object sought to be secured between the helically-shaped members and a connecting means. The multiple helically shaped members increase the surface engaging force and permit the object sought to be anchored to be placed in a desired location on a surface and anchored without requiring the use of additional connecting means. In other embodiments an anchoring portion of the picket is integrally formed with, or fixed to, a generally cylindrical collar portion to provide both secure anchoring and lateral stability. A dental application for anchoring a dental prosthesis to a bone structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved tower foundation is provided which is inexpensive to manufacture and when installed, serves to securely support a leg of power transmission towers and the like. The tower foundation hereof includes a screw-type earth anchor member having a tubular cavity at the uppermost end thereof. An elongated tower leg connector member is positioned and secured in the cavity of the installed anchor by an initially flowable, solidified material (preferably a sand/epoxy resin mixture). The tower leg connector member advantageously comprises a lowermost, tubular first portion and an uppermost, L-shaped in cross-section second, apertured connection portion, with the first and second portions having approximately coincidental centroidal axes.

Abstract: A ground anchor is provided comprising a first part engageable within an anchoring medium such as, for example, the ground, along an insertion axis; a second part to which loads are, in use, attached; and linking means interconnecting the first and second parts yet permitting displacement of the second part with respect to the insertion axis; so that when load is applied to the second part after the first part has been inserted within the anchoring medium the second part can alter position without moving the first part and thus reduce the effective loading on the first part. The second part preferably includes supplementary anchoring which penetrates the surface of the anchoring medium upon application of load to the anchor.

Abstract: A ground rod installation device having an auger fixedly mounted on the lower end of an elongated drive shaft. A pilot drill projects downwardly from the lower end of the auger. The shaft, auger, and pilot drill have aligned axial passages into which the ground rod is inserted. A releasable fastener then secures the ground rod in place inside the shaft. The shaft is rotated in one direction, thereby causing the auger to draw the shaft into the ground. After the releasable fastener has released the ground rod from the shaft, the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction, thereby withdrawing the shaft from the ground while allowing the ground rod to fall through the passages in the auger and pilot drill and remain in the ground.

Abstract: A ground anchor has an auger fluke defined by a lower leading and upper trailing beveled cutting edges, the shape of the edges being at a non-radial or oblique angle, the disc being vertically separated in the shape of a helix and attached to an axial anchor rod. The rod is set in the ground with a socket tool that is coaxially positioned over the rod. The tool includes a helical slot engagable with the helix of the anchor fluke to rotate the anchor into the ground, to pull test the anchor, and in one embodiment cpable to reverse rotate the socket tool for its removal.

Abstract: A drivable pile with a plurality of helical flanges affixed radially symmetrically about the external surface of an elongated pile member. In a preferred embodiment, two flanges are diametrically opposed at radial positions 180.degree. apart with an axial pitch of 30.degree. to the longitudinal axis. The helical flanges complete a sum total of approximately one turn along a portion of the length of the pile member and are removed slightly from the lower end of the pile.

Abstract: Adjustable staircase having a pair of stringers each provided with a pair of pantographs, disposed one above the other, identical in overall length and having diagonal levers also of equal length, which levers are pivoted at their center and end points. The ends of the pantographs are mounted to connectors that are intended to be fixed to the two different levels that are to be joined. This mounting is such that the ends of the two pantographs, at each level, can pivot about axes that lie in horizontal planes so that if the levels to be connected are moved away or toward one another, corresponding pivot points on the two pantographs move together in parallel horizontal pivot points planes. The threads of the staircase are fixed to the pantographs by means of supports each of which has a tread portion which is secured to one edge of one tread and a pantograph portion which is pivotally connected to corresponding pivot points lying in the same horizontal plane.

Abstract: A ground anchor provides a mounting base for a sign post accommodating rotational, tilting, and height adjustments of the post and providing for release of the post at ground level in the event of impact by a vehicle so that no upstanding obstacle capable of causing injury will remain after impact. An angle iron leg with upstanding fins or spade members at the leading and trailing ends thereof is driven or otherwise buried into the ground. A tubular member seated in the channel of the angle iron is bolted to the legs or sides of the angle iron at a selected level to present a top edge or rim supporting an anchor plate with a central raised fragmental spherical dome. The anchor plate is fixedly secured to the tube by bolts threaded into upstanding lugs secured to the tube.

Abstract: An earth anchor including a helically shaped blade including a non-linear leading edge, and in which the principle longitudinal axis of the shaft of the anchor is laterally offset from the central longitudinal axis of the helical blade.

Abstract: An anchoring device for fence posts, guard-rails, tents, garden greenhouses and the like includes a sleeve which is fluted on its inner side and provided at its bottom with two intersecting arms forming a stop device for the bottom end of the post upon insertion into the sleeve. Furthermore, the sleeve has at its bottom end a cylindrical wall formed with downwardly facing serrations to facilitate rotation of the sleeve into the ground. An anchoring member detachably fixed in the sleeve is bored into the ground for anchoring the anchoring device together with said cylindrical wall.

Abstract: Apparatus for installing anchors in the earth using rotational power and axial thrust from a power source includes an elongated torque tube for enclosing a guy rod of an anchor and having a lower end portion adapted to drivingly engage the hub of the anchor. A drive coupling is provided for detachably interconnecting the power source to drive the torque tube and install the anchor, and the coupling includes a body having a socket for receiving an upper end portion of the torque tube and an upper end portion of the guy rod. The socket has flatted side walls formed with radial ports which are positioned to face apertures that are provided in a torque tube which has been inserted into the socket. Lock pins are slidably mounted in the radial ports and are biased toward the center of the socket. The lock pins are adapted to project into the apertures of a torque tube when fully seated in the socket and also engage and hold the guy rod of an anchor as it is driven into the earth.

Abstract: A wheel-operated winch assembly which includes in a preferred embodiment and as a first element, a generally cylindrically-shaped cable drum divided by spaced flanges which define a cable seat and a drum base extending from the cable drum and having base tabs for mounting to a base plate which is bolted to the wheel rim of an automobile. A cable is wound on the cable seat, the free end of the cable is attached to a tree or other point of anchor and the vehicle wheel is rotated to wind the cable on the cable drum and extract the vehicle from mud, snow, sand or ice. As a second element in the assembly, a cable guide is attached to the bumper of the vehicle and the cable is extended through a guide tube in the cable guide from the drum to the point of attachment.

Abstract: An improved tower foundation is provided which is inexpensive to manufacture and when installed, serves to securely support a leg of power transmission towers and the like. The tower foundation hereof includes a screw-type earth anchor member having a tubular cavity at the uppermost end thereof. An elongated tower leg connector member is positioned and secured in the cavity of the installed anchor by an initially flowable, solidified material (preferably a sand/epoxy resin mixture). The tower leg connector member advantageously comprises a lowermost, tubular first portion and an uppermost, L-shaped in cross-section second, apertured connection portion, with the first and second portions having approximately coincidental centroidal axes.

Abstract: A recoverable earth-retaining wall anchoring device and method is disclosed which allows the erection of a retaining wall in a quick, inexpensive manner and permits proof-load testing of the anchor during or immediately after installation, resulting in significant time and cost savings. The device includes a screw anchor having a central, elongated shaft with one or more outwardly extending helical blades affixed thereto, and an earth-penetrating lead point at one end. An adapter is attached to the anchor shaft and includes an opposed, threaded bore which receives an elongated threaded rod; a polygonal in cross-section engagement area is also provided between the opposed ends of the adapter. A wrench, having one or more releasably interconnected, tubular, polygonally-shaped shank sections is telescoped over the rod and operably and drivingly engages the adapter engagement area such that axial rotation of the wrench effects corresponding rotation of the anchor for installation and removal purposes.

Abstract: A ground anchor includes a saddle to receive and support buried pipe and having an anchor rod that will bend from upward forces acting on the pipe yet still retaining the pipe in the ground.

Abstract: A tie rod used to support loads or light weight structures located on pallets. The tie rod comprises an anchoring rod which has a screwing disk located at the bottom end, an attachment device located at the top end, and an axially displaceable spreading foot. The anchoring rod has a pointed end below the screwing disk.

Abstract: An improved modular screw anchor is provided which is adaptable for use with many sizes of elongated anchor rods, is inexpensive to manufacture, can be installed in a wide variety of soil conditions including rocky soils, and permits use of a number of wrench tubes having different internal dimensions. The anchor preferably includes two main components, namely an elongated anchor rod having an obliquely oriented, beveled earth-penetrating lead at one end, and a polygonal in cross-section drive boss separated from the lead by an enlarged, annular flange, and, secondly, an anchor member having a bore-defining hub, an outwardly extending, helical blade circumferentially secured to the hub, and an apertured plate affixed across the bore of the hub. The anchor rod and anchor member are interfitted for installation by inserting the rod through the apertured plate of the hub until the drive boss extends through the aperture and the flange abuts the apertured plate.

Abstract: A stake is provided in the form of a smooth cylindrical metal rod which has a point at its lower end and to which is welded a screw thread formed by a helical spring having a polygonal cross-section, preferably a square section, which is welded to the rod at a limited number of spaced-apart points, at least a part of the spring being thus free to move with respect to the rod. Preferably, only the lower end of the spring is welded to the rod. The stake is more especially, but not exclusively, usable for measuring the electrical resistances of ground connections.

Abstract: An underwater pipe anchoring device is adapted to be connected to an anchor for anchoring the pipe to underwater strata. A first support section is shaped to engage a first portion of the outer surface of the pipe and a second support section is shaped to engage a second portion of the outer surface of the pipe. A hinge connects an end of the second support section to the first support section so that the second support section can swing into and out of a position where the support sections surround the pipe and engage opposite sides of the outer surface of the pipe. The end of the second support section opposite the hinge is releasably connected to the first support section so that the support sections can be connected for supporting the pipe. Metal-to-metal contact between the support sections and pipe is prevented for protecting the pipe.

Abstract: A connector assembly and method are disclosed for supporting each of the legs of a free standing tower or the like using a screw anchor driven into the ground at the base of a respective tower leg. In order to compensate for irregularities in alignment between the upper end of each screw anchor and a corresponding tower leg, the connector units are initially mounted on the screw anchors in a manner permitting individual axial, angular and longitudinal adjustment as may be necessary to bring each connector unit into proper alignment with a tower leg thereabove. The connector units while being held in such aligned disposition may be precisely affixed to a corresponding screw anchor and the proximal tower leg using the connector unit itself as a guide for such interconnection.

Abstract: A high strength, modular screw anchor is disclosed which exhibits enhanced failure resistance notwithstanding use of essentially the same amount of material as conventional anchors, and which can be installed using existing installation equipment. The preferred screw anchors of the invention include an elongated rod having one or more separate, specialized anchor members supported thereon, and an improved, obliquely oriented, beveled earth-penetrating lead to facilitate installation, particularly in rocky soils. The anchor member includes a tubular, central, rod-receiving hub presenting a polygonal in cross-section bore therethrough, and an outwardly extending helical blade affixed to and coaxial with the hub.

Abstract: A wing screw earth anchor formed by a metal casting adapted to be rotatably embedded in the ground by a powered device generally referred to as a digging machine. The particular design of the earth anchor of this invention has a central body projecting to a point. Opposite the point is a drive nut which receives the shaft of a digging machine for screwably embedding the anchor in the earth. Between the point and the drive nut is a cylindrical anchor cylinder from which projects an anchoring spiral. The spiral projects outward from the point in a 90.degree. arc from zero to four inches, which is the maximum radius of the anchoring spiral. In the subsequent, central segment, which extends from 180.degree., the radius is constant at four inches. The final segment of the anchoring signal is a trailing taper which extends from 120.degree. terminating in a trailing point.

Abstract: A stably nestable tie down anchor comprising a pointed shaft with an auger blade at the pointed end and a U-shaped head at the other end with recesses formed in the end faces of the U-shaped head for receiving the shaft of an adjacently positioned anchor; said anchors being stably nestable by arranging a plurality thereof in head to toe relation with the shaft of each one adjacent the auger blade thereof received in one of the recesses in the head of the next adjacent anchor and vice versa and with the radially facing end faces of the heads of alternate anchors stably engaging each other and the auger blades of alternate anchors nested with each other; and a stable package of anchors formed by strapping together a group of nested anchors.

Abstract: In an earth anchor for use for embedding within the ground and to acquire a secure and snug retention therein, the anchor incorporates a shank portion having a helical blade affixed thereto, the blade having a linear cutting edge positioned at a lagging angle off the perpendicular or radius from the said shank portion; said shank portion may contain one or more of the helical blades spacedly arranged there along, or have a series of shank portions that are connectible axially together to form an anchor of greater length. An end cap is designed for mounting onto the upper end of an anchor, and having reinforcing rods secured thereto, and which may act as reinforcement for a concrete pile, foundation, or the like, as poured thereon, with the anchor providing a firm base for this type of constructed structure.

Abstract: An anchor drive coupler for use in interconnecting an earth anchor with the drive mechanism used for embedding the anchor deeply into the ground, the coupler includes a sleeve, having upper and lower closure plates rigidly secured therewith, and an adapter connects with the upper plate for securement of the coupler with the drive mechanism, while the upper portion of the earth anchor is pinned to the said sleeve or a lower adapter secured therewith, for furnishing interconnection between the drive mechanism and the earth anchor so that driving torque will be transmitted for effecting a deep penetration of the anchor into the ground during its installation.

Abstract: A method and means for anchoring a dismountable building by means of earth penetrating members. The building includes frame members which bear upon perimeter plates having ground piercing parts. Elongated ground anchors project through openings in the perimeter plates and are secured to the plates. A flexible sheet spans the ground on which the building is erected and is pierced by the elongated anchors and the ground piercing members of the perimeter plates.The method of anchoring the building entails the steps of spreading a sheet at a desired location, advancing auger type anchors into the ground through the sheet at points indicated on the sheet, placing on the sheet at positions indicated thereon perimeter plates with openings fitting over projecting portions of the anchors and with spike portions thereof piercing the sheet and penetrating the ground, and securing the perimeter plates to the anchors.

Abstract: An earth anchor for securing objects in soft earth and including a plurality of anchor arms which are extendable after the anchor is moved into position. A flexible, pleated, metal skirt member is attached to the anchor arms whereby after being augered into position, the anchor arms and skirt member may be extended into substantially undisturbed earth thereby providing an anchoring surface at least as great as the surface area of the skirt member.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete threaded pile provides a generally conically shaped tapered concrete pile member which is provided with a metallic reinforcement core for carrying the torsional and tensile forces created in the pile during its insertion. A metallic head is provided at, for example, the upper portion of the pile, which provides a point for the connection of a sufficient torsional driving force thereto for insertion of the pile. The head member can be metallic, and is substantially integrally connected to the reinforcement core, so that the torsional forces can be developed through the head and the reinforcement core such that torsional and tensile forces are not carried by the concrete to a degree which would cause a failure of the concrete by cracking. The concrete body is provided with an outer surface of spiral threads which has a relatively minor thread pitch that provides for relatively easy insertion of the pile into the desired soil medium and is mechanically compatible therewith.

Abstract: An anchor for a building which is temporarily located upon the ground without a permanent foundation. The building has base plates at its margins which rest upon ground plates anchored in the earth and carrying locater members engaged by the base plates. Elongated auger type earth penetrating anchors are located at spaced points adjacent the base plates and carry adapters pivotally mounting locking members each having an end overlying a base plate. An adjustable member on each adapter urges the associated locking member into firm overlying anchoring engagement with a base plate.

Abstract: A baseball base and installation apparatus whereby the base has attached to the bottom surface thereof a post having a non-circular cross-section. The installation apparatus includes a brace member, an anchor member having a top socket portion and a bottom screw auger portion, the top socket portion having a hollow interior complementary to the configuration of the non-circular post, and the screw auger portion being a flat strip of metal formed into a helical configuration. The brace member has a non-circular lug portion of a configuration complementary to the interior of the top socket portion and a handle portion for rotating the lug portion. The lug portion is telescopically inserted into the socket portion, the handle is rotated to install the anchor member into the ground. After the anchor member has been installed into the ground the brace member is removed and the post of the base is telescopically inserted into the socket portion.

Abstract: An anchor device adapted for securing mobile, modular and motor homes, trailers, campers and similar units, having an anchor for insertion into the ground on opposite sides of the unit, and a strap, cable or other flexible member extending over the unit from one anchor to the other. The device is mounted on the anchor and has U-shaped body and a reel shaft on which the end of the flexible member is wound. One end of the reel shaft has a transverse hole and the body has a lug with a hole adjacent the transverse hole in the reel shaft. After an adjustment has been made, a pin is inserted through the holes in the lug and reel shaft to hold the flexible member in a secured position. A slot means is provided on the other end of the reel shaft for receiving a tool for operating the shaft to tighten the flexible member.

Abstract: A survey monument having cylindrical rod sections which are assembled in end-to-end relation with threaded connectors as the monument is driven into the ground. The monument has a penetrating point which has generally longitudinal barbs spaced about the periphery of the point. Each of the barbs has a turning surface biased about 5.degree. for rotating the point in a direction to tighten the threaded connections of the monument in response to downward driving of the point into the ground. Each of the barbs has an upwardly facing retention shoulder to prevent removal. A marker cap is tap fit over the top of the uppermost rod section. The parts are metallurgically matched for ultimate natural fusion and to prevent galvanic action or electrolysis after the monument is emplaced in the ground.

Abstract: Ground anchors are used to reinforce an in-ground swimming pool shell, which may have sectional walls fastened to a concrete bottom or may be a one-piece shell.

Abstract: A lightweight, easily installable, anchored foundation for electrical equipment or the like is provided which includes a foam-filled, force-transmitting frusto-conical housing tensionably connected to a plurality of adjacent, buried earth anchors having remote load-bearing helices thereon in order to create a prestressed bulb of relatively compacted soil between the housing base and anchor helices which greatly enhances the holding power of the foundation under both tension and compression loads. In preferred forms the foundation exhibits approximately the same support strength as poured concrete, but can be more quickly installed and employed at remote locations or on loose soil which would normally preclude the use of concrete.

Abstract: The support is of inverted L shape and its depending leg is vertically adjustable to select the extent to which the leg will penetrate the ground. The other leg then overlies the ground and has pole-supporting means at its free end.

Abstract: A device adapted to serve as the anchor base of a screw-type anchor, wherein the base is intended to be embedded in the earth with a rod extending from the base to the earth's surface. (Placing the anchor in the earth is typically accomplished by rotating it with the aid of a mandrel or the like.) The device includes a generally helical shaped flight having a length of at least one full turn. The flight has an axial opening along its center, with the diameter of the opening being larger than the diameter of an L-shaped anchor rod. Means are provided to firmly connect the helical flight to the anchor rod. One such means includes a reinforcing collar which is rigidly fixed in the axial opening of the flight. Appropriate coupling means are provided to hold the anchor rod and the flight together, so that they may be rotated as a unit so as to burrow the anchor in the earth.

Abstract: A high strength, modular screw anchor is disclosed which exhibits enhanced failure resistance notwithstanding use of essentially the same amount of material as conventional anchors, and which can be installed using existing installation equipment. The preferred screw anchors of the invention include an elongated rod having one or more separate, specialized anchor members supported thereon, and an improved, obliquely oriented, beveled earth-penetrating lead to facilitate installation, particularly in rocky soils. The anchor member includes a tubular, central, rod-receiving hub presenting a polygonal in cross-section bore therethrough, and an outwardly extending helical blade affixed to and coaxial with the hub.