Abstract: A walking aid for old people or small children to help climbing or downing the stairs As a barrier free device is disclosed. It will help many old people or small children to use and step on this walking aid, more easy to climb and downing the stairs, safely. This walking aid is also an economical device, its material is mixed with wood and rubber that is available to made of reclaimed articles.

Abstract: A staircase construction is provided which may incorporate an integral heating assembly. The heating assembly is mounted within stair tread covers or repair members which may also be used to repair a damaged staircase. The staircase construction may further incorporate stair tread members of various configurations for attachment to standard stringers.

Abstract: A balustrade which features premade gallery, rake and starting newels and rail sections, and the process for installing the balustrade using the newel of this invention. The newel is a tubular member having an insert disposed at the lower end thereof, and optionally including a hex bolt which has intermediate machine screw threads, and distal lag screw threads, the machine screw threads thereof being in engagement with a coupler, disposed above a rigid plate, and the lag screw threads to be disposed within a support for the newel. The process includes the steps of mounting the new gallery, intermediate rake newel(s),—location dependent—mounting the starting newel, and attaching the rail section therebetween, and finishing off the upper portion of newels by attaching newel caps. The balustrade can utilize the newel of this invention at one or both of the gallery and starting newel locations, and at an intermediate rake location if employed.

Abstract: A prefabricated stairway module (10, 11) comprises a first step and a second step, each step (14) having a tread member (13) and a riser member (15). The stairway module further has fixing means (31) for fixing the module to a sloping surface on which it is laid. The steps in a module may be connected to each other by a rigid or flexible bridging member (19), and the tread member (13) may be curved. Different designs and configurations of the prefabricated modules may be combined into a stairway assembly, the modules which can be chosen according to the gradient of the underlying surface on which the stairway is to be constructed.

Abstract: A heating assembly is provided which includes a metal stair tread member having an upper horizontal surface and a bottom surface for mounting on a stair tread of a staircase. A strip heating element is attached to the bottom surface of the stair tread member. A first covering of synthetic material encapsulates the horizontal surface of the metal stair tread member and the strip heating element on bottom surface of the stair tread member. The strip heating element is contiguous with the bottom surface and is attached thereto by a gasket extending around the peripheral edge of the strip heating element. A thermostat is electrically connected to the strip heater and to a power source for selectively supplying electric current to the strip heater in response to changes ambient temperatures. A temperature sensing element is in electrical communication with the thermostat wherein the thermostat selectively supplies the current to the strip heating element.

Abstract: A facing structure for a forward portion of steps of the stair (1) comprises a working member (2) made of a resilient material, a horizontal (4) and a vertical (3) fastening members connected to rearward (6) and lower (5) surfaces of the said working member (2). The thickness H of the working member and the modulus of elasticity E of a resilient material satisfy the relationships: H>h+h1, E≦H×k, where: h—the thickness of a facing material of the horizontal surface of stair steps [m], h1—the thickness of the horizontal fastening member [m], k=1011[n/m3].

Abstract: A scaffold stringer which is plate and a series of tread mounts attached at substantially uniform distances along the plate, the tread mounts forming an angle with the plate, each tread mount having an associated finger projection positioned above each tread mount and projecting outwardly from the stringer, the scaffold stringer additionally has least one attachment member for attaching the stringer to a scaffold structure.

Abstract: These steps for a swimming pool are noteworthy in that they possess, projecting from the inside of the recessed front face (1a), at least one solid part (1d) that acts as a backing or support produced directly by a process of injection moulding a plastics material for the production of the body of the steps, and the said rib (1d) appears as an extra thickness on the inside of the face (1a), in the thickness of which the fixing means (2) of a liner (3) can be engaged.

Abstract: The adjustable modular staircase includes two stringers for rigid attachment to a building structure in parallel, opposed relationship to each other, a plurality of axially parallel pins protrude out of each of the stringers and are spaced equidistant apart there along, the pins in one stringer are axially aligned with the pins in the other stringer when installed in the building structure, and a plurality of step modules, each including a tread and at least one end wall. The end wall has a top edge for supporting one end of the tread, a bottom edge inclined with respect to the top edge, and a notch in the bottom edge for releasably pivotally engaging one of the pins, whereby the step module can pivot around the pin to allow for horizontal leveling of each of the treads so as to form a rough staircase used for the early stages of the building process. Each step module preferably includes a riser having an end supported by a front edge of the end wall.

Abstract: An adjustably sizeable raised panel system is disclosed which is attachable to a lower outer surface portion of a wall along flights of stairs having different rises and runs or slopes. The system includes adjustably sizeable raised panels which include a parallelogram-shaped member having a pair of vertically-extending sides and parallel angled top and bottom sides. The top and bottom sides of the panels have a longer peripherally-extending portion compared to the peripherally-extending portions of the vertically-extending sides. This allows a carpenter to cut or trim the top and bottom sides on the job site to correspond to the slope of the flight of stairs. Desirably, the relieved portion is disposed on an angle of either about 37 degrees or about 41 degrees which allows adjustment, e.g.

Abstract: In a method for forming a block having a core, the core is formed in a vertical orientation, providing for increased control of wall thickness. The block has a projection on one surface and a groove on an opposing surface. The block core is disposed parallel to the projection and the groove. The block may be used in a step assembly, a ramp assembly, or a wall. Assemblies made from the block are easy to construct and can be assembled with or a without adhesive.

Abstract: In the first embodiment, a staircase repair device or kit is provided which includes two components, namely, a stair tread repair member and a riser repair member. These members are placed on an existing staircase to provide a protective covering. In the second embodiment, a new staircase construction is provided which includes a plurality of stair tread members spanning between standard stringers. The components of the first embodiment and the stair tread member of the second embodiment are made of metal bent to desired shapes. Each is coated with a synthetic material to coat exposed surfaces or to completely encapsulate them therein. A slip-free wearing surface is formed by a layer of particles placed over the first coating, and a second coating of synthetic material which is applied over the dispersed layer of particles.

Abstract: Pivotably mounted barriers extending across a portion of and staggered in an alternating manner from opposite sides and spaced apart as to permit directed travel up or down stairs or staircase. Barriers extend across staircase to the extent that in addition to acting as an aid in ascending or descending, should a person stumble or lose their footing, their fall would be interupted within a few feet instead of tumbling all the way to the bottom suffering certain injury and possible death.

Abstract: In the first embodiment, a staircase repair device or kit is provided which includes two components, namely, a stair tread repair member and a riser repair member. These members are placed on an existing staircase to provide a protective covering. In the second embodiment, a new staircase construction is provided which includes a plurality of stair tread members spanning between standard stringers. The components of the first embodiment and the stair tread member of the second embodiment are made of metal bent to desired shapes. Each is coated with a synthetic material to encapsulate them therein. A slip-free wearing surface is formed by a layer of particles placed over the first coating, and a second coating of synthetic material which is applied over the dispersed layer of particles.

Abstract: A prefabricated staircase module (10, 11) comprises a first step and a second step, each step (14) having a tread member (13) and a riser member (15). The staircase module further has fixing means (31) for fixing the module to a sloping surface on which it is laid. The steps in a module may be connected to each other by a rigid or flexible bridging member (19), and the tread member (13) may be curved. Different designs and configurations of the prefabricated modules may be combined into a staircase assembly, the modules which can be chosen according to the gradient of the underlying surface on which the staircase is to be constructed.

Abstract: A step support method for use in the manufacturing of straight or curved stairs comprising a plurality of cutouts and a plurality of formed flanges in a contiguous sheet of metal creating a surface for stair treads and risers to be attached. The design of which allows the embodiment to serve structurally as being load bearing. With the addition of slits in the tread support flange, the embodiment can be applied to the manufacturing of curved stairs as well.

Abstract: The modular masonry step and deck assembly consists of a plurality of like-shaped risers and a plurality of like-shaped treads that enable the assembly to have a variety of shapes, sizes and heights to provide a custom fit to a variety of buildings, mobile homes or trailers. The risers are dry stacked in a multi-tier, multi-column, multi-row arrangement to form a base of the assembly. An inwardly expanding groove is formed in each corner of each riser. When aligned flush with adjacent risers and dry stacked one atop the other in a stacked bond arrangement, the groves form a continuous vertical channel. A semi-flexible locking key is formed inside the channel to secure the risers together, but accommodate movements caused by the freezing and thawing of the ground. Four differently shaped treads are used to form the walking surface of the step and deck assembly. Each tread shape is used to form a specific portion of the walking surface.

Abstract: A concrete step assembly includes risers with each having a longitudinal projection on its upper end for disposition in a longitudinal receptacle in a bottom surface of a tread resting on the riser. Each riser has a pair of slots in its bottom surface to receive a portion of a projection on a concrete block of each of two supports formed of concrete blocks. Each tread has a pair of transverse receptacles in its bottom surface to receive a portion of a projection on a concrete block of each of the two supports. The transverse receptacles communicate with the longitudinal receptacle in the bottom surface of the tread to enable the portions of the projections on the concrete blocks therein to abut the longitudinal projection on the riser in the longitudinal receptacle. When the concrete block has another of the concrete blocks thereabove, the projection on the lower of the two concrete blocks fits in a groove in the bottom surface of the upper concrete block.

Abstract: A universal modular tread and riser unit for positioning on a stairway stringer having a predetermined slope. The unit, including an elongate tread wall having two ends including a connecting end and a free end. An elongate riser wall having two ends including a connecting end and a free end. The riser wall having its connecting end joined to the connecting end of the tread wall with the riser wall oriented in a depending perpendicular relation to the tread wall. A pair of spaced apart vertical side walls is secured on either side of the connected tread wall and riser wall. The side walls are spaced apart sufficiently to receive a stairway stringer with the free end of the tread wall resting on the stringer and the free end of the riser wall resting on the stringer.

Abstract: A heating assembly is provided which includes a metal stair tread member having an upper horizontal surface and a bottom surface for mounting on a stair tread of a staircase. A strip heating element is attached to the bottom surface of the stair tread member. A first covering of synthetic material encapsulates the horizontal surface of the metal stair tread member and the strip heating element on bottom surface of the stair tread member. The strip heating element is contiguous with the bottom surface and is attached thereto by a gasket extending around the peripheral edge of the strip heating element. A thermostat is electrically connected to the strip heater and to a power source for selectively supplying electric current to the strip heater in response to changes ambient temperatures. A temperature sensing element is in electrical communication with the thermostat wherein the thermostat selectively supplies the current to the strip heating element.

Abstract: A stairway (10) is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in one embodiment of the invention in which a pair of side support panels (12, 14) are formed of a hollow plastic material. Side support panels (12, 14) have closed end columns (24, 26, 28) extending from an outer face of the side support panels to provide a relatively large bearing area. Another embodiment of a stairway (10A) shown in FIGS. 3-5 has a side rail panel (40A) positioned on a lower side support panel (12A) with wooden posts (32A) received in open ended columns (24A, 26A, 28A) of lower side support panel (12A) and received within columns (42A, 44A and 46A) of side rail panel (40A). Posts (32A) are normally embedded in concrete (36A) for securement of the stairway (10A).

Abstract: An improved stair tread for use in both residential and commercial construction directly beneath carpet and padding material is disclosed. The improved stair tread is fabricated from an engineered wood product such as Oriented Strand Board made of wood strips in a four layer process. Each surface layer is oriented perpendicular to the core layers and bonded with phenolic resin or other similar binding agents under intense heat and pressure to achieve the strength and performance criteria required for stair treads. The improved stair tread is machined from one inch thick structural panels using standard woodworking tools and has excellent workability. The finished stair tread is provided with a rounded, forward edge and a riser groove extending along its entire length. The improved stair tread provides a cost effective alternative to traditional solid wood stair treads.

Abstract: A spiral staircase includes a newel post and a plurality of steps which are mounted around the newel post. Each step has a surface tread. The tread is set up higher than the inner side. The slope of the tread at the outer side of the tread is sharper than at the inner side of the tread.

Abstract: A modular stairway assembled from a stringer having a relatively planar, flat top, an initial step module fixed adjacent a lower end of the stringer, and several intermediate step modules attached to the stringer. The initial step module includes an upper edge, and a portion of the first intermediate step module bears against the upper edge of the initial step module. A method of constructing the stairway includes the steps of placing the stringer in position relative to a structure, anchoring the initial step module adjacent a lower end of the stringer to define an initial riser and tread for the stairway, and to define an initial stop.

Abstract: A stairway 2 is fabricated using a plurality of load bearing modules 4 that are attached to form a box beam 60 that can be freestanding. Each module 4 included flat vertical front and rear panels 6, 20 that are joined by vertical inside and outside panels 30, 38. The modules are joined by affixing the front panel of a higher module to the rear panel of the next adjacent lower module to form a stepped configuration. For a curved stairway 2, the helical box beam 60 formed of a plurality of trapezoid shaped modules 4 provides the principle support for the weight of the stairway 2 and the weight of any body positioned on the stairway. Longitudinal members 64, 66, 68 extending between the lower edges of adjacent modules 4 are loaded in tension and resist separation of the individual modules 4. Because the box beam 60 is the primary weight carrying member, the longitudinal members can be relatively thin and flexible and easy to fabricate.

Abstract: The removable non-skid pad covers a portion of a corresponding step of an exterior stair or staircase so as to allow people to use it more safely. The pad comprises a main section to be disposed on the upper horizontal portion of the step, a preformed substantially hooked-shaped from section having one end integrally connected to the front end of the main section so as to fit around the front edge and a part of the bottom portion of the step near the front edge, and a rear section having one end integrally connected to the rear end of the main section. A binding assembly is provided to removably attach the front and rear sections under the step. The pad may be easily installed and removed. Any snow or ice accumulations may be easily dislodged by removing the pad and skating it.

Abstract: A bracket for use in manufacturing a step supported by a stringer. The bracket includes an anchor block to which a tread for a step may be attached, a pair of frames flanking the anchor block and fixed thereto, and markings formed on at least one of the frames. The markings indicate a rise and a run for the step. The bracket may be used in a method for building a stairs. The method includes the steps of selecting a desired tread distance and rise distance for the stairs to be built, fastening tread receiving portions and riser-receiving portions of a bracket to a first elongate stringer to define the desired tread and riser distances, repeating the above steps with respect to a second stringer, mounting a tread to the tread-receiving portions, and mounting a riser to the riser-receiving portions.

Abstract: An elevationally adjustable folding stage (20) includes stages decks (22) on a folding frame (24). Telescoping legs (26) extend from the frame (24) and include a spacer assembly (80). A spacer member (84) is engaged by a spreader member (82) to adjust the width of the spacer assembly (80). Rotatable wheels (88) are mounted on the spacer member (84) to engage the inner portion of an outer leg member of the telescoping legs (26). A spacing linkage (30) includes linkage members (52) and (54) with a stop member (58) mounted on the first linkage member (52) and engaging the top of the second spacing linkage (54). Stop member (58) is adjustably mounted to change the engagement point and the folding range of the folding linkage (28) and therefore, the alignment of the stage (20).

Abstract: A stair tread and method of manufacturing same is disclosed. The stair tread comprises a rigid frame which is encapsulated with a structural plastic material. In the preferred embodiment, the rigid frame is made from steel and the encapsulating structural plastic is a polyol and isocyanate blend which is applied to the rigid frame by the reaction injection molding process. The stair tread exhibits the advantages of a bar grating stair tread and the corrosions resistance of a plastic stair tread while being low cost and efficient to manufacture.

Abstract: The invention concerns a stair construction element comprising a horizontal tread part and a nosing-like riser part extending vertically therefrom, for renovating a stair, in which a tread part (2) and a nosing-like riser part (3) form an integral element (1) encased or coated with laminate (4).

Abstract: An elongated member suitable for flooring, decking, or seating, having a top plate formed as an extrusion of plastic material suitable for overlying a support, wherein the top plate includes ribs constituted by protruding parts of parallel, spaced apart, elongated friction elements co-extruded therewith, the friction elements being formed of plastic having distinctly greater softness or flexibility than the main parts of the top plate and suitable for providing a non-slip surface. The member may include an elongated support formed as a relatively rigid extrusion of plastic material having a base plate with upstanding side walls and a longitudinally extending upstanding support portion positioned between the walls, the top plate overlying the support and having edge formations engaging the side walls. The top plate and support may be formed integrally by extrusion.

Abstract: The circular staircase has individual steps made of stone, and in particular natural stone, mounted on a central newel. The steps each have a reinforcing member with one end that is joined to the newel and he other end that has a prestressing element against a step.

Abstract: The present invention is a prefabricated step and stairway system, where the prefabricated step is preferably a precast concrete step having an elongate body substantially triangular in cross-section having a first side as a tread, a second side as a riser adjacent the first side, and a third side, and the step further has a first and second end which preferably include an attachment member to attach the step between a pair of stringers. The attachment member is preferably integrated metal plates proximate to the first end and second end to facilitate attachment between a pair of stringers, and preferably includes one or more reinforcing members attached to the metal plates and integrated throughout the length of the body to strengthen the step. The prefabricated steps are rigidly secured either to intermediate runners between a pair of stringers, upon a brace, or directly to stringers to form a stairway.

Abstract: A flexible tubular manhole liner soaked with a curable liquid resin is inserted into a manhole; this liner is already equipped with a number of bolts or sleeve nuts protruding or exposed from the liner surface, so that it is possible later to attach to the inner wall of the tubular liner a number of ladder steps and a hose for injecting liquid filler to the gap created between the manhole wall and the liner; there is provided a method to line the manhole with such an inventive liner.

Abstract: A stair frame may be used to form a straight staircase, a spiral staircase, or a combination of the two. The stair frame includes an elongated angle having a leg and a back, the back cut into a plurality of independent back portions and the leg bent into a zigzag shape with alternating vertical and horizontal leg portions. A rail is fastened to the upper end of each vertical portion back and the forward end of each horizontal portion back to secure the angle into a sturdy frame which may be bent into a helical pattern. The horizontal leg portions serve the dual purpose of forming sturdy frame, and supporting one end of the staircase treads.

Abstract: A step support brace especially for a swimming pool stair assembly includes vertically extending positioning posts that extend from the top of each horizontal riser portion of the brace associated with a stair tread some or all of which are slidably positionable from front to back along the respective horizontal riser portion to accommodate various stair module types and styles. The posts may also be cut off to a desired length in order to be received within an opening formed in the bottom side of the stair tread. The support brace also has a front hinge structure that allows the hingeable connection to another support brace to form a V-shaped configuration, thereby providing greater stair tread support if necessary.

Abstract: A corner stair and a corner wall of a pool are molded into an interal structure. A top step and riser are located at the required height to permit the lead bar of a swimming-pool automatic cover to be positioned over the step and against the riser such that the cover is completely over the pool including the top of the stair. Only an operation of the automatic pool cover is required to prevent rubbish from entering the pool and to eliminate the danger of small children entering the pool unattended.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a modular and adjustable staircase, prefabricated, destined to be installed in a rigid manner, and having at least one side which is equipped with a stiffener (1). Per stair and per side having a stiffener (1), a single element of the staircase, which is a crosspiece equipped with a heel (7a), of a shim (6), must be adjusted or is predetermined is order to obtain the desired stair height.

Abstract: A stair system that uses angled brackets to form risers. The brackets are attached to wooden or metal boards. These boards are standard dimensional lumber. The ends of the boards must be cut to position them to support the stair, but no other cutting is required. The angled brackets have an upper section, and a lower leg portion that extends at a right angle to the upper portion. Both the upper and lower portions have flanges on them. The flanges support a tread. The treads fit over the brackets to form the actual stair. The treads are designed to receive carpeting to match the desired decor of the building in which the stair is placed. The treads are also designed to permit a mixed wood and carpet design. Wood flooring may also be used by placing the wood directly onto the brackets.

Abstract: A spiral staircase includes a shaft pole for the staircase, a plurality of arms spirally connected to the outer periphery of the shaft pole, treads fixed to the upper surface of each arm, a plurality of balusters fixed to the outside end portion of a plurality of arms in parallel with the shaft pole, and a plurality of handrails mounted and connected between the balusters pillars, wherein each of the arms is connected to the shaft pole by an arm connecting metal, each baluster is connected to each arm by a baluster connecting metal, and the baluster and the handrails are connected by a handrail connecting metal. Since the connecting metals are used for the connection between the shaft pole and the arms, between the arms and the balusters and between the balusters and the handrails, connection and assembly of the spiral staircase can be carried out easily, reliably and firmly without requiring skilled labor, and the cost of the production and high operation efficiency can be accomplished.

Abstract: To provide a physical training device which enables walking exercise in safe environment in an unstrained posture, inclined plates 2 are made to span a floor and a base 1, steps 3 formed with an unevenness on the surface are installed on the inclined plates 2 at predetermined intervals and rails 4 are installed on the sides of the inclined plates 2 wherein projections may also be provided on rails 4.

Abstract: Flanged Triangular elements for constructing a stairway which can be joined to provide a beam having adjacent tread and riser mounting portions.

Abstract: A lightweight, highly portable, yet strong, fiberglass step unit is presented. The fiberglass step unit is tapered to allow removal of the unit from the mold during the two-step manufacturing process. All of the corners and edges of the fiberglass unit are rounded, thus providing strengthening radii at critical points of the construction of the unit. In addition to the strength of the fiberglass, strengthening braces are placed inside the unit and are sealed to the main portion of the unit with an additional application of fiberglass. These strengthening braces provide additional radii which synergistically add to the strength and reliability of the step. A heating coil may also be fabricated within the fiberglass step thickness itself thus providing a highly portable, lightweight, unitary step which may be electrified to prevent the accumulation of snow or ice on the step.

Abstract: A stair support device is provided for installation on the upper surface of an inclined stair stringer. The device is foldable from a sheet metal template so as to define right-triangular first and second spaced-apart vertical sidewalls, positionable with their hypotenii along the stringer, the sidewalls being joined by an integral horizontal stair support surface. Preferably, the device further includes at least one and preferably two generally right-triangular support webs extending downwardly from against the stair support surface, positionable with their hypotenii on the upper surface of the stringer, thereby serving a load-bearing function between the stair support surface and the stringer. Various fold-out tabs are provided, to facilitate securing the device to the stringer, the stair against the stair support surface, and if applicable, a riser or kickplate against a vertical face of the device.

Abstract: Acoustical seating risers for indoor arenas are made of a plurality of pre-formed units of L-shaped cross-section. These L-shaped sections are mounted atop one another on a separate pre-formed foundation to provide a mounting platform for rows of seats and additional acoustical steps in the aisles. Each riser unit includes an integrally molded acoustical element having a slit and recessed chamber or a series of slits and recessed chambers designed to absorb low frequency sounds below 500 Hz, thus permitting balancing of the frequency response within that range. Riser units are assembled together in an overlapping fashion to form the sealed and slitted cavities and protect the recessed chamber or series of chambers from water or other contamination.

Abstract: A portable and collapsible deck suited for use at the entrance of a house trailer or mobile home includes a floor formed from wood or metal. The floor has opposed longitudinally extending side edges and opposed laterally extending front and rear edges. The deck also includes at least one movable wall with an edge at the level of the floor that is connected to one of the side edges of the floor. Each wall is movable between a vertical collapsed position extending upwardly from a side edge of the floor when the deck is being transported and a horizontal deployed position extending laterally from the floor. The deck includes a framework supporting the floor of the deck and the framework includes ground-engaging wheels mounted for rotation at the bottom of the framework. A coupling at the front of the deck to facilitates connecting the deck to a towing vehicle such as a truck for moving the deck from one location to another.

Abstract: A stair jack for constructing a staircase between an upper surface and a lower surface. The stair jack has a stair support member with a top inclined edge and a plurality of tread supports adapted to be fixedly coupled to the stair support member. Each tread support has a riser surface that projects upwardly from the top inclined surface and a trend support surface extending from the top inclined surface to an upper point of the riser surface. Stair treads and risers are affixed to the tread supports and riser surfaces, respectively, so as to form a staircase in which both the stringer and the tread support members are hidden from view.

Abstract: A modular support system useable for a pool or spa is disclosed. A prefabricated pool or spa stairs may be supported by utilizing a plurality of stiffeners each extending along the length of the bottom of a step of the prefabricated stairs. Within the stiffeners are a plurality of openings within which posts may be inserted. The posts contact the bottom surface of the top side of each stiffener to support the stiffener and a load placed upon the step supported by the stiffener. The stiffener is constructed to help minimize deflection of the step when a load off is placed thereon. A locking mechanism may be used to lock each post within into the opening. If desired, only posts supporting the top step may be placed upon a stable surface and the remaining posts, after insertion into their respective openings, may remain hanging above the stable surface. Concrete may be poured on the stable surface to embed each of the posts therein.

Abstract: A protective barrier for a stairway includes a yieldable core and a cover that encloses the core. A plurality of flaps extend from the cover. A plurality of fasteners extend through the flaps and secure the cover and the core to the stairway. Each flap may have a reinforcement layer placed therein. Eyelets may be spaced along the flap to receive the fasteners therein. When the protective barrier is mounted, the barrier may extend above the riser to which the protective barrier is mounted.

Abstract: A spiral stair case wherein segments of the outside stringer framework and segments of the central column are forming corresponding polygonal segments, wherein the spiral stair case preferably is made in octagonal polygonal segments, wherein one segment of the outside stringer together with one segment of the central column respectively is supporting preferably two stair treads of the the spiral stair case, wherein the segments of the outside stringer and the segments of the central column are strait, non curved elements, and wherein the stair treads are made strait and wherein all peripheral cuts are made strait, and wherein the segments are connected to each other by standard carpentry connection means, wherein the fascia, the baluster posts, the baluster filler parts and the handrail build the rigid outside stringer segments, wherein the outside stringer segments build a rigid, structural supporting outside stringer framework of the spiral stair case formed in polygonal segments and wherein the segments ar