Abstract: A prefabricated stair system having individually pivotally mounted right angular brackets on opposed stringers, has a control bar which removably contacts the brackets to assume all brackets are arranged at the same angles with respect to the stringer so that the treads, which are supported by opposed pairs of brackets, are parallel to the floors and the risers supported by the brackets are perpendicular to the treads. The stair system is shipped as a kit and assembled in situ following a method of assembly and installation.

Abstract: A spiral stairway (10) includes a center support pole(14), a plurality of steps (16), and an adjustable pitch railing assembly (12). The steps (16) are attached at a narrow end (22) to the center support pole (14) and at a peripheral end (24) to the railing assembly (12). The railing assembly (12) includes an upper railing (38), a lower railing (36), and a plurality of pickets (32). Each railing (36), (38) includes a continuous channel (54) formed along a length therein. Each picket (32) includes portions (62), preferably in the shape of a cylinder having a longitudinal axis transverse to the length of the picket (32). The railing assembly (12) further includes a plurality of inserts (34) having a length corresponding to the distance between pickets (32). The picket end portions (62) are engageable within corresponding partial circular cutouts formed within the inserts (34), and the combination is receivable in the railing channel (54).

Abstract: A stairset for the fabrication of a spiral stairway on-site, and a method for the assembly of the stairset. This stairset includes a central support to receive spacers to position a plurality of stair tread units at a selected separation (riser height), the stair treads extending horizontally outward. Further, components for a banister (handrail) are a plurality of segments, being a selected number for each stair tread unit, that are threaded upon a cable. The cable is provided on at least one end with means for tensioning, with final tensioning after general assembly of components (post-tensioning). A plurality of balusters are attached to, and extend downwardly from, at least a portion of segments of the resultant banister to be fastened to distal ends of the stair tread units. Specifically, the same number of balusters join the selected number of banister segments for each stair tread.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing or converting a stairway made from wood-composite materials to a stairway which appears for all intents and purposes to be made from architectural solid wood materials. The method contemplates providing one or more stair treads and risers interconnected on one or more support stringers. This assembly may be preexisting or constitute new construction. With the stair treads and risers in place, sheets of veneer overlay are provided which are scribed and trimmed to cover at least the end portions of each tread, riser, or both, leaving the central high traffic portion of the tread exposed. Once trimming is complete, the veneer overlays are adhered to each tread or riser. With respect to the stair treads, it is preferred that a portion of the veneer is rolled around the leading edge of the tread and fastened to the underlying surface. Any irregularities or gaps in the joints between the treads, risers, and veneer may be concealed behind strips of molding.

Abstract: A handrail positioning apparatus for accurately positioning a handrail during the process of installing the handrail in an inclined position on a building wall above an inclined stairway. The apparatus may include two vertically adjustable stanchions positionable at the upper and lower ends of the stairway. Miniature platforms are tiltably mounted on the upper end portions of the stanchions to underlie end areas of a handrail. C-clamps may be used to clamp the handrail to the platforms. The platforms are so tiltable that the platforms can seat flatwise against the handrail, whatever the slope or inclination of the rail, and the stanchions are vertically adjustable to control the rail slope and rail height.

Abstract: A support for treads of a staircase is formed by a plurality of support elements each comprising an upper plate and a lower plate, the lower and upper plates of each element being adapted to rest on the upper and lower plates respectively of contiguous elements. Adjustment and fixing members enable the upper plate to be moved relative to the lower plate of each element and be fixed together. The upper plate of each element is formed with at least one pair of holes, and at least one pair of female threads is fixed to the plate, each thread being coaxial with one of the holes. The lower plate of each element is formed with a through-hole and through-slot into which are inserted two screw members, each of which also passes through one of the holes in the upper plate of the contiguous element and is screwed into the corresponding female thread in the contiguous element so as to fix these two elements together.

Abstract: An inclinable stairway for providing a staircase in one orientation and a ramp in another orientation comprising a pair of spaced, opposed, and upwardly extended side walls, each side wall having opposed and upwardly extended front and rear edges with an inclined edge extended upwardly from the front edge to the rear edge in a stair-step fashion; a pair of spaced, opposed and articulated upper support members, each upper support member having a lower end and an upper end with the upper end pivotally coupled to the top edge of a side wall, each upper support member comprised of a linkage of elongated bracing elements pivotally coupled end-to-end with the bracing elements in the linkage aligned along the inclined edge of an adjacent side wall to define a staircase configuration, and the bracing elements in the linkage linearly extended above an adjacent side wall from the top edge thereof to a location adjacent to the base plate to define a ramp configuration; a plurality of step members coupled to alternating

Abstract: A portable game apparatus for playing curb ball or other ball game either indoors or outdoors, having a plurality of steps (1, 2 and 3) with means for supporting the steps in a flight such that the front face and top edge of each step provides a striking surface for a ball thrown at the apparatus. A net (4) is suspended between poles (5a and 5b) attached to the top edge (16) of the top step (3) and is preferably angled forwardly at approximately 45.degree.. The net (4) serves as a back stop to keep the ball (9) from going over the top step (3) and also to ricochet the ball (3) toward the striking surfaces underlying steps. The means for supporting the steps (1, 2 and 3) in a flight is provided by supports (7a and 7b) attached to the first and top steps (3) with dowels (8a and 8b) connected vertically between the supports (7a and 7b).

Abstract: A portable stairway railing device is disclosed comprising a frame structure having several support braces attachable to the stairway surface at the rearward section of the individual step. The support braces allow for selective variance of the width, depth, and height for fitting variously sized stairways. On the top portion of the frame structure is disposed a hand rail.

Abstract: A width-adjustable step tread has first and second members, each extending along at least an appendage of a width of the step tread. Each of the first and second members have identical cross-sectional shapes as defined by a web with two opposing edges. A first appendage extends along one edge of the web defining an exterior surface and a second appendage extends along the other edge of the web defining an interior surface. The interior surface of the second appendage forms a female part which receives a male part formed by the exterior surface of the first appendage so that the first appendage of each member couples in sliding engagement with the second appendage of the other member.

Abstract: An aircraft servicing pit located beneath a surface across which aircraft travel while on the ground is provided with a ladder and a pair of reciprocally retractable handrails on each side of the ladder. Each of the handrails has an inverted "J-shaped" configuration. With the lid open the handrails can be drawn up out of the pit and rotated so that their legs can rest upon the tarmac surface at the edge of the pit. Service personnel utilizing the pit are thereby provided with stabilizing hand grips which enhance their safety when entering and leaving the subsurface chamber within the pit. When the pit is to be closed the retractable handrails are lifted, rotated, and lowered to their fully retracted storage positions.

Abstract: The invention is an adjustable height stairway having two parallel elongate ower frame members and two parallel elongate upper frame members swingable on a base. The upper frame members have wave-like edges that can fit with complimentary wave-like edges on the lower frame members. A set of steps parallel to the base has pivotal connections to each frame member at peaks of the wave-like edges. At a first angular position, the stairway is in a collapsed configuration wherein the pivotal connections are coplanar and the steps lie in a common plane to form a runway. In a second angular position the stairway is in an expanded configuration form a ladder or set of stairs.

Abstract: A method of constructing arcuate cement stairs in a pool includes (a) attaching a first arcuate form having a first form radius to the wall of the pool; (b) attaching a second arcuate form having a second form radius smaller than the first form radius to the wall in a plane above the first arcuate form; (c) attaching to the wall of the pool, inwardly of the first form, a first arcuate support band having a radius generally corresponding to the first form radius, the first band remaining in place when the first form is removed, and attaching to the wall of the pool, inwardly of the second form, a second arcuate support band having a radius generally corresponding to the second form radius, the second band remaining in place when the second form is removed; (d) pouring a curable cement-containing material into the space between the forms and the wall to form stairs; and (e) removing the arcuate forms to provide the stairs.

Abstract: A reversible footboard for staircase is capable of changing the pattern on the same footboard by decorating the obverse and reverse surfaces thereof with different patterns. The reversible footboard for staircase to be fixed to notchboards for forming a staircase comprises a flat portion decorated with different patterns on obverse and reverse surfaces thereof either of which serves as a footstep portion, an upward projecting portion provided on one end of the flat portion for serving as a riser and a downward projecting portion provided on the other end of the flat portion.

Abstract: A built-up stair assembly of includes a plurality of stair units, of which the angular position of each unit stair can be flexibly adjusted horizontally as well as vertically. Each stair unit includes a T-shaped plate mounted with a tread board and having a holder plate on the top and a socket on the bottom such that the holder plate of one stair unit can be inserted in the socket of another stair unit for connection in series. A handrail is laterally mounted on the top of the tread boards of the stair units when then are connected in series.

Abstract: The first preferred embodiment of the subject invention is a mounted stairway built on a central single stringer which utilizes stairs horizontally adjustable with regard to inclination of the stringer. The stairs are fixed in the middle by means of splined bolts which fit into splined apertures both of the stringer and tread angles. The railing posts are screwed into bushings of the tread and secured. Brackets screwed on railing post heads have swivels holding the rails in position.The second embodiment is another option of the mounted stairway which utilizes two side stringers for wider stairs. The stairs in this case are fixed from aside by means of two splined bolts to match splined apertures of both stringers and tread angles.

Abstract: The invention concerns a flight of stairs with a multiple of steps--where each step is firmly connected at least at one lateral end with the subsequent step by two vertical members, and where the bottom and top steps (22, 12) are resting on an intermediate floor (26, 24), a landing beam or a similar member, and where at least one lateral end of each step (12 to 22) is arranged within a square support--consisting of two horizontal and two vertical members (40, 42; 44, 46) which, together, form a stair stringer--in such a manner that each step is supported by its assigned horizontal member beneath it, and that each horizontal member (40, 42) is extended beyond a vertical member (44, 46), so that the extension (32) of the upper horizontal member (40) forms the lower horizontal member of the next step (12) above, while the extension (48) of the lower horizontal member (42) forms the upper horizontal member of the next step (16) beneath it, and where--at least on one side--a vertical member can be replaced by a sp

Abstract: A circular staircase tread (10), capable of being formed in one piece, the tread having a flexible stacking (18), positioning and locking mechanism which allows on-site adjustment of the angular positioning of the treads in relation to each other and the on site modification of the resulting staircase.

Abstract: A stair support system for supporting a plurality of steps using an outer leg and stringer assembly. The stringer includes a plurality of risers which extend upwardly from the stringer to support the individual steps. Attached to and underlying each step is a channel member which extends along the length of the step and is sandwiched between the riser and the step's undersurface. Also disclosed is a deck support structure that is attachable to the outer leg to which the stringer is attached.

Abstract: A portable, assemblable-disassemblable staircase includes a plurality of stair units to be assembled and disassembled, each of the stair units including a horizontal base plate, an upward joint vertically installed at a rear end of the horizontal base plate, the upward joint containing a longitudinal elongated hole bored therein, a downward joint vertically installed at a front end of the horizontal base plate, a nut fixedly installed in the downward joint, a bolt adapted to be spirally inserted into the nut through the longitudinal elongated hole of the upward joint so as to inserting and fixing the downward joint of one stair unit into and to the upward joint of the other stair unit of the plurality of stair units, and a tread to be fixed to the upper surface of the horizontal base plate, whereby the stair units are assembled by alternatively mating with the downward joint and upward joint so that horizontal sections of the downward and upward joints can be prevented from circularizing to be unrotatable.

Abstract: A pair of parallel safety bars are track-mounted above the stairs of a stairway. The safety bars are formed so as to be gripped by the user in ascending or descending the stairs. The user steps between the bars, with each bar being hinged to permit such access, and grabs the bar in the direction of ascent or descent. The track-mounted end of the bar is pivotally connected to a shoe which slides in the track as the person moves on the bar downwardly on the bar or the weight of the user pulls the bar downwardly, friction braking elements on the shoe and in the track are contactingly engaged to restrict further movement of the bar thereby preventing the user from falling down the stairs.

Abstract: A step module is provided for use in constructing stairways. Each step module includes a tread portion and a riser portion connected at a nosing so that a plurality of modules may be secured adjacently in stepwise fashion to create a stairway. A shoulder member attaches to the riser portion of one module along the front riser surface parallel to the nosing and thus forms a tread seat for attachment of the distal tread edge of a lower module. When connected, a channel is formed which may be enclosed and filled with a filler material such as an acoustical damping material. The cover may be a wing projecting forwardly of the riser portion and underlying the tread portion of the lower module.

Abstract: An improved fixture system for mounting a stair support truss to a module stair unit. U channel fixtures are secured to the collar and to the front base riser of a modular set of stairs. These fixtures are used to attach a truss support to the stair module; and, the truss support is itself modified to project upward a plurality of plane tenon supports so that they will engage U channel stair tread braces. In preparation for packaging and subsequent transportation, the collar and buttress fixtures are used as hard mounting points for bundles of the remaining stair support elements which are then banded thereto.

Abstract: A collapsible bleacher safety railing for use in conjunction with collapsible bleacher assemblies which are well known and in common use. The railing includes vertical upright support members on which are mounted telescoping hand rail sections therebetween and which include safety panels mounted between the support members below the hand rail. The safety panels eliminate the need for multiple guard rails or comparable guard members and extend and collapse with the bleacher assembly. In one form of the invention, the top edge of the planar safety panel may replace the telescoping hand rail. The vertical support members are preferably angle bars positioned to nest together upon collapse of the bleacher. An improved form of safety hand rail is disclosed.

Abstract: A prefabricated adjustable stairway having a pair of opposed stacked stringers supporting each step. A stair support bracket is pivotally attached to each top stringer and is connected by an associated link to the supporting bottom stringer. Each step is mounted on an opposed pair of brackets. Sliding movement of the top stringer on the bottom stringer is used to adjust each step to a horizontal plane regardless of the inclination of the stairway. The steps can then be fixed in this position.

Abstract: A handrail positioning apparatus for use along a stairway is disclosed. The apparatus provides a pivot support fixed to a wall or other support structure to allow positioning of a handrail at at least two different laterally displaced positions. One position can be provided so that the positionable handrail is as close as 22 inches from a second, fixed position handrail disposed opposite the positionable handrail along the stairway. A second position of the handrail occurs in a vertically folded position of the pivoting apparatus bringing the handrail into a position substantially adjacent the support structure, which opens the stairway to about its full width.

Abstract: A modular porch for a mobile home has vertically adjustable support legs which allow the modular porch to be mounted on a hill side and positioned adjacent the doorway of a wide variety of mobile homes. The modular porch utilizes four vertical support legs, each of which is independently axially adjustable. The modular porch has a stairway which is pivotally mounted to allow adjustment to match the surrounding terrain.

Abstract: A modular platform assembly is provided. The assembly has a multiplicity of deck sections of rectangular shape which are connected together or interlocked to produce a platform of desired size. The deck sections are supported on legs which can be used in telescoping relationship to support the deck sections at various desired heights. Certain inner deck sections need only be supported on one leg, which facilitates assembly of the sections. Guard rails can also be employed around edges of the platform and supported by the legs. The legs can be supported on adjustable feet to provide a uniform level for the deck sections. Modular stairs are also provided for easy access to and egress from the platform. The stairs are designed to accommodate platforms of various heights.

Abstract: A preassembled platform stairway for installation between an upper floor and an adjacent lower floor. The stairway includes a bulkhead, an upper run of stairs, a lower run of stairs, and a landing. The top of the upper run of stairs is pivotally connected to the bulkhead, the bottom of the upper run of stairs is pivotally connected to the landing and the top of the lower run of stairs is pivotally connected to the landing side-by-side with the upper run of stairs. The pivotal connections permit the stairway to collapse in a compact configuration for transport and storage. The stairway may be lifted and then lowered into place for installation. When lifted, the stairway assumes an expanded position with the runs of stairs extending angularly from the landing and bulkhead, and hangers suspend the landing below the bulkhead.

Abstract: A moveable stair apparatus 10 is described for allowing access from a lower floor 103 to a loft or upper floor 101 in a building or between the upper floors 101 and 102 in the building. The moveable stair apparatus includes a plurality of equally spaced apart moveable steps 12 mounted on a girder assembly 11 with a plurality of vertically extending posts 15 mounted to the steps and also a pair of parallel hand rails 16 mounted to the posts. A first pivot pin 18 is secured to the girder assembly to allow pivotable movement of the moveable stair apparatus to a lower floor 103 in a stairway position or to a second floor 102 in a catwalk position.

Abstract: An adjustable staircase assembly comprises a pair of channel section stringer members having spaced tread support pivots adjacent their lower edges and tread locating apertures adjacent their upper edges, the tread locating apertures being spaced along arcs each having its origin at the tread support pivot axis. After the stringers are attached to a structure, the tread supports are pivoted to a horizontal position and a tab on each tread support is located in a suitable locating aperture in the sloping stringer such that the tread support is horizontal.

Abstract: Adjustable staircase having a pair of stringers each provided with a pair of pantographs, disposed one above the other, identical in overall length and having diagonal levers also of equal length, which levers are pivoted at their center and end points. The ends of the pantographs are mounted to connectors that are intended to be fixed to the two different levels that are to be joined. This mounting is such that the ends of the two pantographs, at each level, can pivot about axes that lie in horizontal planes so that if the levels to be connected are moved away or toward one another, corresponding pivot points on the two pantographs move together in parallel horizontal pivot points planes. The threads of the staircase are fixed to the pantographs by means of supports each of which has a tread portion which is secured to one edge of one tread and a pantograph portion which is pivotally connected to corresponding pivot points lying in the same horizontal plane.

Abstract: Several horizontal links have inward-projecting horizontal flanges for supporting the treads of a stairway. Such links are uniformly spaced apart elevationally by upright parallel links pivoted to the horizontal links to form a lazy tongs linkage. One such lazy tongs linkage is permanently attached in inclined attitude to the conventional weight-bearing supports for the stair treads, such as sidewalls or inclined stringers, at each side of the rough opening for the stairway. Prior to permanent installation, the lazy tongs linkage can be extended or contracted by conjoint swinging of the upright links to adjust the spacing of the horizontal tread support flanges so that the total rise of the linkage matches the total rise between adjacent floors as actually constructed. The support is designed to fit a range of expected total rises between the adjacent floors while maintaining a rise and run for each step within acceptable limits.

Abstract: The invention relates to a staircase system featuring modular construction components, wherein the framework of the staircase itself is produced by assembly of modular components paired one with the next in sequence so as to form a bearing structure for the single stair treads. The modular components are prismatic in shape and slot together reciprocally in a number of positions one relative to the other so as to a give a variety of reciprocal positions--at least, in the vertical plane. Each modular component consists of a length of molding whose cross section has an elongated profile which remains constant throughout. The molding is disposed so that its main longitudinal axis is horizontal following assembly. The reciprocal type of connection between one component and the next is brought about by tongues and grooves formed on the vertical side faces of one component and on the mutually-opposed and inwardly-set vertical faces of the next component, between which the first component is partially inserted.

Abstract: Collapsible staging formed from modules each having end frames and side frames, the side frames incorporating vertical hinges allowing the side frames to be collapsed in a concertina fashion as the end frames are moved toward one another, so that the folded framework lies in a flat "sandwich" configuration. The frames support a platform which may be detached, or alternatively hinged to one end frame and also folded in a concertina fashion. Alternative configurations provide folding stairs and ramps.

Abstract: A telescoping seating system with a plurality of elongated rows movable between a forward extended use position in which the rows are in stepped relation and a rearward retracted storage position in which the rows are in superposed relation. Each of the rows includes a front riser, a rear riser spaced rearwardly of the front riser, a cantilevered seat fixedly attached to the front riser and extending rearwardly toward the rear riser, and a platform fixedly attached to the front riser and extending between the front riser and the rear riser, forming a self-supporting seat assembly. The seat assembly is mounted to a frame having a pair of laterally spaced, floor-engaging carriages, a pair of columns, each fixedly attached to one of the carriages and extending upwardly therefrom, and a pair of substantially horizontal, forwardly extending, cantilevered support arms each fixedly attached to one of the columns and having the seat assembly mounted thereon by the platform.

Abstract: A telescoping seating structure having a plurality of rows, each row having two or more row assemblies, a seating assembly, and a front support. Each row assembly having a carriage assembly, a vertical post attached to the carriage assembly and extending upwards, and a cantilevered arm attached to the vertical post and extending forwardly. Each seating assembly having a vertical front riser at the forward free end of the cantilevered arm, a seat rigidly attached to the front riser, a tread panel positioned upon the cantilevered arm, and a vertical rear riser extending upwardly from the tread panel. A front support wheel attached to the lower surface of the tread panel or cantilevered arm engages the upper surface of the adjacent seat below when the structure is in the retracted position. The entire seating assembly is formed as an integral unit of molded fiberglass, and the upper surface of the seat is contoured.

Abstract: The invention is an improved device for transporting loads between various elevations. Such loads may be handicapped persons in wheelchairs, wheeled truck loads of freight or materials, wheeled people carriers, or other similar loads that require transport from one elevation to another, either ascending or descending. The improved device serves a double mission as a regular stairway facility for ambulatory persons, and as a ramp-type facility for wheeled vehicles carrying a person, or persons, or a load of freight or materials, and other such loads as may require movement from one elevation to another elevation.

Abstract: A molded plastic seating module is disclosed which is suitable for assembly in groups to form bench type row seating especially telescoping bleachers. Each module is hollow and comprises two sections, a contoured seat and an upstanding base. The base is adapted to be secured to the support structure both vertically and horizontally and to resist tipping and the presence of structural stress concentrations in use. The seat is adapted to engage the base in a snap fit relation along its front and rear walls.

Abstract: A telescopic multi-tier riser assembly formed from a plurality of telescopic multi-tier riser modules positioned in side-by-side relationship. Each said riser module is of a telescopic multi-tier construction and includes top and bottom platforms and at least one intermediate platform. The platforms are telescopically movable relative to one another between an open position wherein the individual platforms project forwardly in a step-like manner and a closed position wherein the platforms are vertically supported one above the other. The platforms each have a side-to-side width which is substantially less than its front-to-back length, which width comfortably accommodates only a single chair on the respective platform.

Abstract: Balusters and rails are angularly adjustable after their assembly to fit the different pitches of stairways.

Abstract: A modular staircase assembly having a plurality of individual interconnecting upper and lower stringer members including a means for coupling upper and lower stringer members and a means for interconnecting in longitudinal alignment adjacent stringer members. Affixed to each set of upper and lower stringer members is a tread support for supporting a tread which is pivotally couplable to the associated upper and lower stringer sections so that when assembled and one of the upper and lower stringer sections is slid relative to the other the tread support moves so as to maintain a substantially horizontal position. Rotatable foot pads and mounting pads coupled to either end of the assembled structure accommodate changes in orientation of the staircase assembly.

Abstract: A handrail has an immovable base element extending in one direction, a support element arranged to be grasped by a user and reciprocable relative to the base element, and a drive for reciprocating the support element relative to the base element. The base element may be formed by a usual stationary handrail, may be connected to the latter, or may be formed as a plate. A guiding element guides the support element during its reciprocation. The drive includes an electric motor which is reversible, a spindle member provided with a thread and rotatable by the motor, and a nut member translatorily movable by the rotation of the spindle member and connected with the support element so as to move the latter. Switches are provided for reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor and thereby the direction of movement of the nut member and the support element.

Abstract: A seating and guard rail structure for bleachers having seating sections which may be compacted together to occupy a minimum space during storage and having guard rail units which may be compacted along with the seating sections. Mechanisms are included for turning the guard rail units when the seating sections are compacted to facilitate their storage and for turning the guard rail units back again to their normal upright position when the seating sections are expanded in preparation for use; also locking mechanisms are provided for locking the guard rail units in their upright positions when the seating sections are fully expanded for use, and means are provided for unlocking the guard rail units when the seating sections are compacted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to staircase structures and in particular provides a staircase structure in which the components may be substantially prefabricated and erected on site. Standardized components are generally used whereby labor is minimized while the staircase is adjustable for various slopes. The structure basically comprises a pair of stringers, each formed of upper and lower shafts which are movable longitudinally with respect to each other and can be spaced apart. Tread supporting members extend between the upper shafts and lower shafts for receiving the tread members.

Abstract: An elevated, tiered seating platform which is convertible to a storage position forming a planar surface, such as a floor. The seating platform includes a pair of rigid support members parallely disposed which have upper surface angled grooves which receive a plurality of planar elongated seating members in the up position. In the storage position, the planar seating members are supported by grooves in a floor in a co-planar manner.

Abstract: A plurality of telescoping tubes form a rail assembly which is pivotally connected at its lower end to a post, a sleeve is slidably received in the uppermost tube which is provided with an upper stop ring and a lower ring to limit the motion of the sleeve. A link is pivotally connected between the sleeve and an upper post. Thus, as the seating system is extended for use or retracted for storage, the handrail also extends and retracts. A stop element on the link limits the position of the link in the extended position so that the axes of upper and lower rail assemblies are aligned. In a preferred embodiment, the posts are inclined forwardly so that the rail assemblies are vertical in the storage position.

Abstract: This device consists primarily of a molded plastic structure having flange mounting means for mounting the structure to the basement wall. The device includes a window portion on a vertical plane adjacent to a hinged top bubble which enables more light to be admitted into the basement and serves as a quick escape means from a basement in the event of fire or a severe storm, and the interior of the structure includes step means molded therein for the user to easily climb out through the pivotable bubble top thereof.

Abstract: A collapsible bleacher railing in conjunction and for use with a collapsible bleacher section or sections, which includes normally vertical, upright, support sections having a plurality of telescoping handrail sections therebetween such that as the bleachers are moved to their relative locations, the handrail will extend and collapse therewith and therefore eliminate the requirement for removal from the bleacher sections.

Abstract: A constructional element has an L-shaped body of molded metal or synthetic plastics material. The two arms of the body are provided with inclined stepped surfaces so that two adjacent elements can be locked together in one of a number of different relative positions. In this way a plurality of the elements can be used to build-up a staircase or variable height and extent.