Abstract: A modular panel system for constructing buildings. Panels are made from column structures which form fit so that they slide together to create the panel. Panels are specially constructed so that they serve as air conduits, through which air, both to and from the living space of the modular panel home passes. For use in cool weather, cool air is drawn from the living space into the wall panels of this invention, transferred to a solar panel air system where it is heated. The heated air is then transferred from the solar panel system into other wall panels of this invention and through these wall panels and into a specially designed heat collection floor panel. The heat collection floor panel receives the solar panel heated air which in turn heats a storage material in the floor panel and then is expelled into the living space for heating thereof. Once in the living space the air is cooled down and is drawn back into return wall panels.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for an improved wooden building in a zone of cold, which comprises a continuous footing having a vertical heat insulation layer along the footing and a horizontal heat insulation layer integrally formed within a slab floor, a sill anchored to the continuous footing, columns erected on the sill with frameworks such as cross-beam and partition cap elements mounted on the columns by means of a metallic joint part, a ceiling with an airtight sealing materials, a roofing, exterior and interior walls with a heat insulation, and others.

Abstract: A reversible foundation bolt holder is provided which has two separate grasping means. Each grasping means can either straddle a form adjacent a building foundation requiring a foundation bolt or may support the foundation bolt above the foundation by placement of the foundation bolt through holes therein. The two grasping means are oriented perpendicular to each other. The holes within each grasping means are of different sizes corresponding to different sized foundation bolts. The holes of each grasping means are located such that they will properly position a foundation bolt in the center of mudsills of varying dimensions. The foundation bolt holder thus has two operative orientations. One orientation locates the first grasping means straddling the form and the second grasping means supporting the foundation bolt. The second orientation locates the second grasping means straddling the form and the first grasping means supporting the foundation bolt.

Abstract: An adjustable beam holder to be used with parallel spaced apart forming boards. The holder includes a case with a longitudinal slot that receives a headed threaded shank members and the other end of the shank is inserted through holes in the flanges of a clamp having a U-Shaped bracket. The bracket embraces one of the beams of a truss member urging same toward the case that is anchored in concrete. Readily detachable arms are mounted to the upper wall of the case member in order to rest over the edges of forming wall and thereby aligning the upper wall flush with the plane defined by the upper edges.

Abstract: An anchor bolt connection in a framed building which includes a concrete foundation for supporting and anchoring a framed building against uplift forces and an anchor bolt for connecting the frame of the building to the concrete foundation. The anchor bolt is formed with an offset so that a substantial portion of the embedded portion of the anchor bolt is at an angle to the axis of the upper portion of the anchor bolt. In an optimum form of the invention, substantially all of the embedded portion of the anchor bolt is at an angle to the upper portion. In a preferred form of the anchor bolt connection, indicia marks are placed on the anchor bolt so that the rotational orientation of the anchor bolt can be inspected before, during and after the concrete is poured.

Abstract: A railroad crossing signal foundation 10 comprises a base 11 having a lower concrete slab 15' to which a set of upright guide rods 18 is mounted and upper concrete slabs 15 supported upon the lower slab through which the guide rods extend. A pillar 12 is mounted upon the base that has concrete blocks 16 through which the guide rods extend. The pillar blocks have a support area size substantially less than the support area size of the base slabs such that the pillar may be erected with workers standing upon the base. A concrete crown 13 is mounted upon the pillar through which the guide rods extend. The weight of the foundation components is such that the center of gravity of the foundation is located in the base.

Abstract: An improved method of constructing isolation pockets for anchoring the base of a support column in a concrete floor slab structure comprises casting a footing, attaching a corrosion resistant isolation pocket form (37) to the footing with the form bounding a region of the footing and extending upwardly therefrom to an open top, securing the base of the support column to the footing in the bounded region thereof, and incorporating the form into the finished floor structure by compacting a subbase about the exterior of the form, casting a concrete slab atop the subbase, and filling the interior of the form with concrete to substantially the same level as the cast slab on the exterior of the form. A stay-in-place isolation pocket form (37) for use in performing the method is also provided.

Abstract: A monolithic reinforced precast concrete post and base assembly is provided for mounting on an in-ground concrete pier having four bolts extending upwardly therefrom to register with four holes in the post and base assembly with the upper ends threaded so that the post and base assembly can be bolted onto and fastened to the in-ground pier. The posts have integral nailing strips for allowing the fastening of sound barrier panels to the posts and the posts are reinforced precast concrete having the necessary strength to withstand the wind-loading and other factors for the particular location of the installation. A sound barrier wall is provided by mounting the post and base assemblies at regular spaced intervals and affixing the sound barrier panels to the posts in either offset or aligned configuration.

Abstract: A holdown strap connection including an elongated sheet metal holdown strap for joining a generally vertical wood frame member such as a post or stud to a concrete foundation without the use of threaded anchor bolts washers and threaded nuts. The elongated sheet metal holdown strap includes a foot section embedded in the concrete, a transition section connected to the foot section which extends above the foundation past the outside edge of the wood mudsill and along a portion of the edge of the wood frame member and an elongated strap section connected to the transition section and extends in registration with the side face of the vertical wood frame member.

Abstract: A concrete facing panel is joined to a counterfort by means of a pair of bolted joints. Each joint comprises a hole in the panel through which a bolt projecting from the counterfort passes, and a nut mounted on the threaded end of the bolt. A resilient plug is located in the hole at its end facing the counterfort to form a first watertight seal, the plug including an integral spacing ring to space apart the panel and the counterfort. A second watertight seal is provided by a layer of epoxy resin applied over the nut.

Abstract: A masonry block system is disclosed incorporating a plurality of courses of masonry block, each block of which is formed with minimum webbing to minimize heat flow therethrough. The wall system is formed into a unitary structure through the utilization of post-tensioning rods tied to reinforcing rods in the wall footer and extending through the voids in the respective blocks to a top plate positioned on top of the wall. The rods are threaded and are post-tensioned; the voids contain a polyurethane foam.

Abstract: A holddown connector for connecting a vertical member of a building structure to a foundation including a back plate, a pair of forwardly and downwardly extending side plates, a pair of inwardly extending, overlapped base plates with an aligned opening therethrough and a base plate washer positioned in face to face alignment with respect to the base plates and having a centrally located sleeve extending through the base plates and the aligned openings to tie the overlapped base plates together.

Abstract: A panel having two ends and two sides, the panel having a peripheral frame and having at the sides thereof a first surface and a second surface separated by a predetermined distance. The predetermined distance extending from end to end of the panel. The panel has non opposing studs located proximate the first and second surfaces and separated by a predetermined distance. The studs of the first surface are offset or staggered laterally a predetermined distance from the studs proximate the second surface. Insulation having two ends and two sides is located proximate the surfaces extending within the peripheral frame between the first and second surfaces with the studs embedded in the surfaces. The insulation extends to each end of the panel, whereby the panel is rigidified by the lateral staggering of the studs. A joint proximate each end of the panel is supplied for interconnecting adjacent panels.

Abstract: A column base structure having connected a pair of column-base metal fittings to the lower part of a column consisting of a pair of main column members disposed at predetermined intervals and connecting members disposed in such a manner as to integrally connect the main column members; the column base metal fittings being fixedly fitted to a concrete foundation via anchor bolts and nuts; characterized in that a horizontal member having a predetermined cross-sectional area is integrally and fixedly fitted between the main column members in the vicinity of the column base metal fitting.

Abstract: An anchor bolt positioning apparatus which is to be used to mount an anchor bolt which is to be embedded within concrete. The apparatus utilizes an elongated planar plate upon which is centrally mounted a hollow sleeve. The threaded end of the anchor bolt is to be positioned within the hollow sleeve and extend outwardly therefrom with a nut to be threadably engaged with the threaded end of the anchor bolt and this nut then resting on the outer free edge of the sleeve. The inner end of the anchor bolt is to extend in the area defined by a pre-erected form for the concrete.

Abstract: The invention disclosed here is an anchor bolt holder that is designed to be used in setting an anchor belt in a concrete slab. The holder is a two-part system having a base, and a sleeve connectable to a socket in the base. The sleeve is adapted to receive and hold an anchor bolt's shank. Prior to pouring the slab, the base is first mounted to the decking or forming surface that underlies the slab. After certain other pre-pour items have been installed over the decking, the sleeve is then plugged into the base's socket and supports the anchor bolt vertically. The combined function of the sleeve and base is to fix the bolt in position during both the pour and cure phases of the slab, so that the bolt is held vertically with its threads projecting above the slab's top surface. The sleeve has openings through its sidewall that are sufficiently large to allow wet concrete the bolt's shank within the sleeve.

Abstract: A foundation for supporting poles, particularly electrical power cable support poles, is formed by boring a hole only slightly larger than the pole base onto the earth a desired depth. A reinforcing structure is lowered into the hole. The reinforcing structure usually rests on the bottom of the hole and extends above the earth surface a number of feet. The hole is then filled with concrete, usually up to the earth surface, and allowed to cure. A lowermost or base section of the pole is then lowered into position about an exposed upper portion of the reinforcing structure. Concrete is placed into the interior of the pole section about the reinforcing structure until it is covered. After the concrete cures, any remaining pole sections may be installed onto the base section.

Abstract: A polymer building or other structured wall form construction wherein forms prefabricated of polymer, such as polystyrene, are assembled together, spaced apart by integrally connecting polymer or blocks, spacers, or spool means, erected upon a foundation footing, or other base structure, through their insertion of L-shaped ties, with the wall forms being erected to the height desired for the subject building or other structure, whether it be a commercial, industrial, or residential building, through the application of tee-shaped ties therebetween, Reinforcement is located in the spacing between the blocks or spacers, of the wall forms, and concrete may be poured therein, either at the job site, where the building is being constructed, or at the manufacturing plant, where the wall forms are formed, in order to provide a latticework of reinforced concrete for the composite wall.

Abstract: A masonry block system is disclosed incorporating a plurality of courses of masonry block, each block of which is formed with minimum webbing to minimize heat flow therethrough. The wall system is formed into a unitary structure through the utilization of post-tensioning rods tied to reinforcing rods in the wall footer and extending through the voids in the respective blocks to a top plate positioned on top of the wall. The rods are threaded and are post-tensioned; the voids contain a polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Improvements in the construction of buildings is described using prefabricated panels provided with insulation material arranged in pairs. Couplying structure secures the panels to a base and to other panels. Concrete fills the hollow space between the pair of panels.

Abstract: A building element 20 comprises a double-skinned panel main member 22, and an elongate fixing member 24 therefor projecting therefrom with a distal shoulder 26 facing the main member 22, the fixing member 24 being provided with anchorage means 24,40,42 passing completely through a block 64 at the edge of the main member 22. The element 20 may be in the form of a kit of parts including holding means 40,42 and spacing means 44. Preferably, element 20 has holes 80 for fixing members 24 of a contiguous element, retained by members 36 inserted through slots 88 and bearing against inner face 84 of block 64.The fixing members as pins 24 may extend perpendicular to edge 56 for corner fixing together of contiguous elements. Pins 24 may be retained at inner face 70 of block 62 by similar means or by threaded means. Pins 24 may be replaced by depending rods 122 bent to provide shoulders 126 in an anchorage trench 128 in flooring base 134.

Abstract: A concrete facing panel is joined to a counterfort by means of a pair of bolted joints. Each joint comprises a hole in the panel through which a bolt projecting from the counterfort passes, and a nut mounted on the threaded end of the bolt. A resilient plug is located in the hole at its end facing the counterfort to form a first watertight seal, the plug including an integral spacing ring to space apart the panel and the counterfort. A second watertight seal is provided by a layer of epoxy resin applied over the nut.

Abstract: A foundation form is pre-fabricated, shipped to job site, placed in a hole, leveled, and concrete is poured into it to form a large surface area footing topped by a pedestal having anchor bolts projecting therefrom to secure a cantilevered arm and mast, such as for traffic lights or railroad signals, and the hole is back-filled without removing the form panels.

Abstract: A concrete forming system is provided which incorporates a pair of wall panels arranged in a predetermined upright spaced relation and a skeletal grid assembly disposed between the wall panels and retaining same in predetermined upright spaced relation while concrete is being poured between the wall panels. The grid assembly is provided with a plurality of first rods arranged in spaced relation and spanning the distance between the wall panels. The ends of each first rod are disposed within preformed holes formed in the wall panels. Each rod end has a portion thereof disposed adjacent an exterior surface of a wall panel. A plurality of second rods are disposed between the wall panels and engage interior surfaces of the wall panels. The second rods interconnect with the first rods.

Abstract: A timber and concrete connection which includes a steel connector formed with stirrup members embedded in the concrete and which extend above the concrete for fastening to the timber member. The timber member rests on a standoff member which holds the base of the timber member a specified distance above the concrete; usually one inch. The standoff member is constructed from a single sheet of metal and in one form of the invention is releasably connected to the stirrup members. In another form of the invention, the standoff member is restrained from horizontal movement in all directions by the stirrup members, and in still another form of the invention the standoff member may simply be placed between the stirrup members and either welded to the stirrup members or not.

Abstract: A polymer building or other structured wall form construction wherein forms prefabricated of polymer, such as polystyrene, are assembled together, spaced apart by integrally connecting polymer or blocks or spacers, erected upon a foundation footing, or other base structure, through their insertion upon L-shaped ties, with the wall forms being erected to the desired height for the subject building or other structure, through the application of tee-shaped ties therebetween. Reinforcement is located in the spacing between the blocks of the wall forms, and concrete may be poured therein, to provide a latticework of reinforced concrete for the composite wall. A top beam form of plate cap is arranged upon the upper edge of the formed wall, with a concrete beam being poured simultaneously with the construction of the assembled wall.

Abstract: A one-piece footing/pier foundation element (10) comprises a round concrete disc-shaped footing (24) with an elongated pier (18) extending from one side thereof. An elongated embedded pier bolt (36) extending from a top surface of the pier is used for carrying the footing/pier element and for holding a girder (72) mounted on top of the pier. The footing includes on a bottom surface thereof a stabilizing element (16,64) for preventing the footing/pier from moving laterally when in position and to prevent undue settling. The footing includes elongated footing voids (40,58) parallel with the elongated pier positioned about the pier for receiving footing bolts (14) for holding angle irons (76) extending between two footings. A system and method for using these footings/pier foundation elements involves boring appropriately positioned holes in the earth, placing the footing/pier elements in those holes and supporting a building from beams extending between top surfaces of the piers and the footings.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reinforcing a concrete block wall. A flexible reinforcing member, such as a chain, is adapted for placement within a vertical passage formed by cooperating cores of blocks forming the wall. The upper end of the chain is fixed to a retainer plate adapted for placement on top of the wall, and the lower end of the chain extends through an opening formed in the bottom of the wall. An anchor is adapted for connection to the foundation, and the lower end of the reinforcing member is fixed to the anchor. A portion of the floor slab above the foundation is preferably removed so that the anchor can be directly secured to the foundation. An eye bolt is connected to the upper end of the chain and has a threaded portion protecting above the retainer plate. Tension is introduced to the chain through a nut threadedly engaged with the threaded portion of the eye bolt.

Abstract: A retaining wall is made from a plurality of blocks arranged in rows superimposed on each other and pinned together. Each block has a body with an exterior face and rearwardly diverging side walls joined to a neck. A head having outwardly directed ears is joined to the neck. The body has holes and pockets for pins that interlock overlapped blocks together. A finishing block having a flat top surface is used to construct the top layer of the wall. A geogrid tie-back sheet having slots is located between layers of blocks and anchored to the pins stabilizes the wall.

Abstract: A unitary blind locking device for prefabricated structure construction configured into a substantially rectangular shape for securely binding together pairs of suitable similar and/or dissimilar construction materials of similar and/or dissimilar thicknesses. It has a plurality of legs with end parts that are to be used for gripping the construction parts firmly together by means of the cleats or teeth punched out of an interfitting plate that is part of the lock itself and, for anchoring purposes, said lock being fabricated in various shapes and sizes and with accompanying wall lifting straps to meet the demands of workmen at the permanent construction site so as not to hamper their vision while erecting the permanent structure and also to allow the construction at the prefabrication site to proceed smoothly.

Abstract: A post and panel wall system for use as sound barriers and the like utilizes a precast post which is disposed upon a foundation having a tensioning cable extending upwardly therefrom and recesses into which depending anchoring rods on the posts are placed. The tensioning cable is tensioned and then the recesses in the foundation are filled with a cementitious mixture or grout to thoroughly bond the anchoring rods into the foundation. The posts have channels in which the vertical edges of the wall panels are seated, and desirably the wall panels have reduced thickness end portions with arcuate edges to permit some adjustment within the channels. The posts and panels may be erected seriatim, or the posts may initially erected and the panels then lowered into place.

Abstract: The specification discloses a modular sun porch which can be easily and quickly assembled. The wall assembly includes a plurality of identical modular window panels whose lateral edges interfit in male/female relationship to provide weather seals therebetween. Modular door units, which have a width equal to one or more window panels, can be substituted for the window panels in the wall assembly and include frames which interfit with the male/female scheme. The base for the wall assembly is levelable and hides both the base tie-downs and the leveling mechanism. The roof includes rafters and purlins which slide-lock into position between beams and rafters, respectively. Roof panels rest on gaskets carried by the rafters and purlins, and retainers are secured to the rafters to retain the panels in position and to improve the weather seal.

Abstract: An assemblage for setting an anchor in a mass of concrete is shown. It comprises an anchor and a setting bolt, which have mating threads. Once the anchor is set, other bolts can replace the setting bolt and then be used outside the wall for various purposes. For instances, with a bolt that extends outside the wall, the system can be used to erect a scaffold.

Abstract: A footing form which is attached to the stem wall, which may be either field or factory fabricated. All components of which are approved by the American Wood Preservers Bureau to standard "FDN" for direct earth contact. The footing form is filled with concrete and when said concrete hardens the form shirt is left in place, even though it adds no strength or serves any other useful purpose after the concrete hardens. Due to the treatment of the wood the form does not have to be removed from the ground, as is the case with all other untreated cellulose materials.

Abstract: A building, the outer walls of which are formed of prefabricated panels of cementitious material having hollow sections extending substantially continuously throughout the height of the panels in closely spaced apart relation, and a footing adapted to enable the panels to be mounted thereon with means for securing the panels onto the footing, and to each other, to provide a strong, sturdy and inexpensive assembly of outer building walls.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of constructing a footing and a foundation wall thereon, and form therefore in a hardenable building material for use in a continuous, perimeter type building foundation. An improved shape for the footing and foundation wall is disclosed which allows the use of a novel formwork system, thus permitting both elements to be cast simultaneously in a monolithic arrangement. Additionally, the cast shape of the foundation system is such that the basic function of transmitting superimposed building loads to the earth is an improvement over the more traditional types of foundation systems. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, much of the formwork is expendable and is permanently left in place, being removed only where visable in the finished structure.

Abstract: A transportable brick panel consisting of a top reinforced concrete beam, a bottom reinforced concrete beam, brickwork consisting of a plurality of courses of bricks with mortar filled joints extending between said beams and including door or window openings where required, aligned holes passing through some at least of the columns of bricks, reinforcing bars passing through said holes and extending between and being connected with the beams, and a damp course and sealing means on each reinforcing bar where said bar passes through said damp course for preventing passage of moisture along said reinforcing bar. A method of making a transportable brick panel as also described.

Abstract: An anchoring system providing a rod iron cage placed along the periphery of the walls and designed to be the reinforcement cage of a perimetrical sill, a first metal channel section having downward divergent flanges and being supported by the cage in order to provide a locating template for the sill and for the levelling of the foundation slab and at the same time to keep the anchoring hooks of the tie rods hanging within the cage till the sill is cast. The tie rods extend within and along vertical ducts defined between the vertical profiles of two panels approaching each other. A second channel section is fastened to the locating template on the upper side of the first channel section to provide both a perimetrical datum line and a restrained joint between the panels and the slab. The channel section has dimensions such as to be received into the groove provided in the lower surface of the applied panels.

Abstract: An improved mudsill anchor is provided with tabs is its attachment arm or arms for fastening the anchor temporarily to a form board without nails to achieve significant savings in labor and improvement in lateral stability of the anchor during installation of a concrete slab foundation. Further improvements include a bendable tab formed from the lower end of the anchor leg for tying the leg to a reinforcing bar and a bent tab proximate the upper end of the leg that is embedded into the form board to prevent the reinforcing bar from pulling the mudsill anchor up from the form board.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for locating and positioning a plurality of anchor bolts in concrete to provide a tie down apparatus for columns and posts. The apparatus includes two or more anchor bolts passing through and welded to a locator plate. The anchor bolts are turned at the lower end and are threaded at the upper end. The anchor bolts are positioned, aligned and set in relationship to one another with the longitudinal center lines of the anchor bolts positioned parallel to one another in a predetermined spaced apart relationship to the locator plate that is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal center lines of the anchor bolts. The locator plate is adjustably connected to removable cross members which are supported by forms in a final position during the pouring of support concrete around and beneath the tie down apparatus.

Abstract: An improved dome-type structure having a plurality of load bearing rib elements extending upwards from a base and meeting at a common vertex, a roof deck extending over and supported by these rib elements and vertical side panels are all disposed so as to form an enclosure. The improvement comprises using components for forming the roof deck which are generally trapezoidal and rectangular in shape. The structure is assembled with the interconnection of the trapezoidal and rectangular-shaped components with and without structural ribs which are of inverted T-shape in cross-section. A water trap is provided at one or more places around the base of the structure, and, in locations where there is a scarcity of water, an underground reservoir is provided beneath the structure. The arrangement provides protection against earthquakes and earth tremors.The invention also contemplates the transportation of a complete shell unit under its own power by air lift.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pier and footing arrangement for storm prone and earthquake prone areas. According to the inventive concept, a flat bottom plate is used to be placed in a pre-dug hole. Attached to the plate is an adjustable pipe with a rod and hook-end which connects with a horizontal rod in the pier sleeve which is made of preformed concrete. The upper portion of the pier sleeve holds a steel plate anchor which in turn holds an actuator. Beams from the structure to be supported are coupled to the steel plate anchor.

Abstract: An apparatus for reinforcing a concrete block wall includes an elongated reinforcing member, an upper retainer plate, and an anchor plate disposed in the block wall above the foundation. A threaded portion is provided at the upper end of the reinforcing member, to introduce tension into the reinforcing member after connection to the lower anchor plate and the upper retainer plate. The upper retainer plate is provided with a bracing means for bracing the top of the wall against lateral movement.

Abstract: A utility pole support (42) for repairing or strengthening a damaged or broken utility pole (2) including a first part (44) which is securely fastened to the pole above ground level in use and a second part (46) which is so shaped to be driven into the ground against the surface of the pole under the ground in use to provide support around the weakened part (10) of the pole, the support being retained in place below ground level by the action of the earth against the pole support.

Abstract: A one-time-use form for concrete footings comprises a hollow plastic molding with a step-tapered upper portion, sections of which are removable to receive different sizes or shapes of one-time-use pier forms. Use of the two forms in concert permits substantial economy in foundation work because only one excavation, backfill and concrete pouring is required to construct both footings and piers.

Abstract: A precast panel for a building comprises a pair of molded concrete inner and outer panel elements with a steel wire mesh embedded throughout each panel element. A series of laterally spaced continuous steel rod trusses are interposed between and extend at right angles to the panel elements with end portions of the trusses embedded into the panel elements. An insulating layer overlies and is bonded to the interior side of the outer panel element occupying part of the space between the panel elements, the remainder of the space providing an air barrier zone. Pairs of aligned panels and right angularly related corner panels are interconnected by a concrete column poured in situ between the adjacent panels.

Abstract: A sheet metal wood-to-concrete structural holdown connector for joining a wood horizontal or upstanding frame member to a concrete foundation formed from a single piece of sheetmetal. The holdown includes a seat member formed with a bolt opening, side members and back members formed with one or more openings. At least two of the back openings are in registration for receipt of a bolt therethrough. A metal washer is attached to the seat member and is formed with an opening in registration with the seat opening.

Abstract: An improved dome-type structure having a plurality of load bearing rib elements extending upwards from a base and meeting at a common vertex, a roof deck extending over and supported by these rib elements and vertical side panels are all disposed so as to form an enclosure. The improvement comprises using components for forming the roof deck which are generally trapezoidal and rectangular in shape. The structure is assembled with the interconnection of the trapezoidal and rectangular-shaped components with and without structural ribs which are of inverted T-shape in cross-section. A water trap is provided at one or more places around the base of the structure, and in locations where there is a scarcity of water, an underground reservoir is provided beneath the structure. The arrangement provides protection against earthquakes and earth tremors.The invention also contemplates the transportation of a complete shell unit under its own power by air lift.

Abstract: In order to provide a form of foundation on which light-weight shuttering may be erected prior to pouring the concrete into the foundation, there is provided a method of forming a foundation for an excavated construction, comprising excavating to a predetermined depth, arranging pre-formed footing elements 2 in a required configuration on the base of the excavation 1, the said footing elements 2 having upper surfaces with means for locating shuttering 3, 4 for walls to be erected on the foundation, the footing elements also being adapted to receive reinforcing bars 5, 5a for the foundation and/or the walls, and subsequently pouring a concrete mix into the excavation to bond substantially monolithically with the footing elements. The footing elements need considerable strength, and they are preferably pre-formed in an open construction of concrete or a light-weight aggregate. The invention further includes footing elements as set forth above, and foundations made by the method.

Abstract: An electrically insulative chemically resistant support pedestal is provided for supporting heavy mechanical objects, such as chlorine cells which are positioned above a support floor. Each support pedestal is defined by a body of epoxy material for chemical resistant and structural support, which defines a central vertical passage intersecting the upper and lower surfaces of the pedestal. Leveling bolts extend from the lower portion of the epoxy body and function both to anchor the body in assembly with the support floor and to level it. The epoxy body is positioned in assembly with the floor and leveled, after which a quantity of uncured epoxy material is caused to fill the central passage of the body and fill the space between the epoxy body and the support floor to thereby establish grouted contact between the pedestal and the support floor.