Abstract: An adjustable bracket for a metal roof includes a bolt and a top platform with a hole sized to receive the bolt. The top platform provides a flat surface on which can be attached an L bracket. A left bracket has a curved portion with a slot for receiving the bolt. A right bracket has a curved portion with a slot for receiving the bolt. A bottom nut is sized to fit and secure the bolt. Once the top platform, the slot in the left bracket and the slot in the right bracket receive the bolt, the slot in left bracket and the slot in right bracket allow adjustment of an angle of attachment of the angle-adjustable bracket to the metal roof, until the bolt is tightened by the bottom nut.

Abstract: A system for providing siding to a building is disclosed. The system utilizes components which have their own brackets with attachment flanges in order to connect directly to an exterior wall of the building. The brackets contain their own integrated water control systems, which co-act with those of other components to control and direct water into vertical channels and out from behind the siding system. These flanges double as self-contained flashing. In all the system presents a roof-to-foundation siding system that is self-contained and fully transitional from one piece to another.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an insulating wall system for a building structure, wherein said wall system comprises a first wall having an exterior surface with insulation material fitted to said exterior surface of said first wall and retained by at least one elongated support member abutting the insulation material which via fastening members extending through the insulation material substantially perpendicular to the exterior surface is anchored in the first wall, and wherein the elongated support member comprises an elongated beam with one or more nail plates mounted on the insulation abutting inner surface of said beam for enhancing friction.

Abstract: The web frame is a bonded assembly of panels and porous blanket layers, separated by an arrangement of isolated spacers. The panels and spacers are covered with a bonding means. A coating covers inner surfaces of the panels and spacers. The porous blanket is compressed and pinned between these panels, by spacers that are arranged as isolated nodes or columns The spacers have sharpened ends that penetrate the blanket and connect with the opposing panel. The web frame assembly provides thermal and sound insulation for buildings and other solid objects. These web frames are lightweight, durable, and permeable. Capillaries and passages throughout the panels and fibres of the blanket allow passage of moisture and air, thereby assisting in the management of condensation within the web frame.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for securing safing insulation in the gap formed between a spandrel and a slab. Additionally, the present invention eliminates the need for stiffening tees and/or stiffening brackets. In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention utilizes a first portion of safing secured to spandrel insulation positioned in an exterior wall structure and a second portion of safing insulation positioned adjacent to the first portion of safing insulation and between the spandrel insulation and the slab. By fixedly securing the first portion of safing insulation to the spandrel insulation, any deformation of the spandrel insulation caused by the forces exerted by the compressed second portion of safing insulation on spandrel insulation results in the first portion of safing insulation moving with the spandrel insulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat insulation element for insulating building facades, in particular for heat insulation composite systems, composed of a heat insulating board and a reinforcement mesh that can be penetrated by fastening elements, in particular plugs, wherein the reinforcement mesh is placed in the area of a large surface of the heat insulating board. It is the object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages of the state of the art and in particular to provide a heat insulation element which even in case of high tightening torques of the fastening elements does not excessively tends to be deformed into the direction of the building facade. This aim is achieved by a heat insulation element according to the invention, in which the reinforcement mesh is arranged as a component of an abutment at a distance to the surface of the heat insulating board and in which the reinforcement mesh comprises a surface area which is smaller than the area of the surface of the heat insulating board.

Abstract: A composite sandwich structure comprises a core sandwiched between composite laminate facesheets. The core includes a plurality of core sections spliced together at joints that incorporate integral features for arresting the propagation of irregularities in the facesheets.

Abstract: A foundation wall includes a frame having a front side and a back side. The frame further includes a plurality of vertical stud members having a first end and a second end, a top beam attached to the first end of the plurality of vertical stud members, and a bottom beam attached to the second end of the plurality of vertical stud members to define a plurality of cavities between adjoining vertical stud members. Rigid insulation is adapted for positioning in the plurality of cavities to become a load-bearing part of the frame. One or more structural sheets is affixed to the front side of the frame and to the back side of the frame. A waterproof bond is formed along an interface between edges of the one or more structural sheets and a periphery around the front side and the back side of the frame.

Abstract: An insulation panel (1, 601) is used as exterior wall insulation cladding affixed to the external walls of a building via fitting section or fastening flange (8, 608) of the panel (1, 601) which includes screw slots to allow simple installation. The panel (1, 601) consists of an outer layer or front surface (2, 602) of thermoplastic or other suitable material that provides weatherproofing, is durable with low conductivity and an efficient inner insulation material (7) consisting of a closed cell thermal insulation material in a cavity (6, 606). The panels (1, 601) are aligned and attached together by tessellation. The panel (1, 601) is extruded or injection moulded or formed by any other process suitable for this application. Internal features (15, 615) can include connecting bridges for added rigidity. A rear surface (3, 603) of the panel (1, 601) may feature air and moisture vents to disperse trapped moisture and gas between the wall face and the rear (3, 603) of the panel (1, 601).

Abstract: An insulation system includes a panel having a major surface, a layer of fibrous insulating material and at least one securing clip affixed to the panel and securing the insulation layer to the major surface. Each clip includes first and second connectors. Each connector includes a head, two diametrically-opposed resilient latching elements projecting from the head and a first locking shoulder extending at least partially between the latching elements. Each latching element includes a latching shoulder adjacent a distal end opposite the head.

Abstract: A channel anchoring system for cavity walls is disclosed and includes a channel anchor and veneer tie. The anchoring system is used in conjunction with building structures that have a masonry construction veneer anchored to a steel stud frame or a masonry backup wall. The channel anchoring system secures both the veneer and the insulation to the framing or backup wall. The channel anchor includes a pocket compartment for the insulation that provides a non-invasive means for securing the insulation, thereby maintaining the insulation integrity.

Abstract: A channel anchoring system for cavity walls is disclosed and includes a channel anchor and veneer tie. The anchoring system is used in conjunction with building structures that have a masonry construction veneer anchored to a steel stud frame or a masonry backup wall. The channel anchoring system secures both the veneer and the insulation to the framing or backup wall. The channel anchor includes a pocket compartment for the insulation that provides a non-invasive means for securing the insulation, thereby maintaining the insulation integrity.

Abstract: An external insulation wall having grid-reinforced insulation board anchored with mechanical devices includes: a base course wall (1), wherein a leveling and bonding layer (2), grid-reinforced insulation boards (3), plastic expansion anchor bolts (4), a thin plaster protecting layer (5), and a finishing layer (6) are provided on the base course wall (1) from inside to outside in turn. Holes are dilled on the grid-reinforced insulation boards (3), and the grid-reinforced insulation boards (3) are directly fixed on the base course wall with the plastic expansion anchor bolts (4), in such a manner that all load of an external insulation system is born by the plastic expansion anchor bolts (4), and the plastic expansion anchor bolts (4) transmits the load to the base course wall (1). The external insulation wall can solve technical problems of low bearing capacity and difficult surface treatment caused by an old base course wall.

Abstract: The construction of a wall module of superior insulation properties required for passive buildings, the method of its industrial production for easy to install at erection site as technical design of the load bearing steel truss of the defined height, width and thickness, made of appropriate shaped steel elements, of appropriate dimensions, positioned appropriately to form the structure and fixed in compliance with all relevant requirements of the professional building practice and regulations. Steel elements are mostly C elements, horizontal (1.1) and vertical (1.2) C elements with fastening mechanisms fastened on the outside horizontally (2.1) and vertically (2.2) with internal (1.3) and external (1.4) spacers positioned on their sides of low thermal conductivity, on which internal (6.2) and external (6.3) lining panels are placed of the appropriate thickness defining in such manner the total thickness of the wall.

Abstract: A modular thermal isolation barrier for use in sealing gaps in a data processing equipment structure includes an extruded edge seal and a panel. The extruded edge seal has a seal portion and a base portion with one or more channels. An edge of the panel is disposed within one of the one or more channels of the base portion of the edge seal such that the edge seal is seated against the edge of the panel with the seal portion in position to abut, and establish a seal with, an adjacent structure.

Abstract: A bracket apparatus for an insulated building structure includes: a sheathing mounting element including a mounting surface configured to receive a mechanical fastener; and at least one elongated spacer extending away from the sheathing mounting element by a predetermined stand-off distance, the spacer configured to penetrate fibrous insulation, and defining a contact pattern configured to prevent pivoting motion of the spacer relative to a planar surface.

Abstract: A thermally insulating construction component for arranging between two load-bearing parts of a building includes an elongate insulating body and also reinforcing bars extending therethrough transversely with respect, to its longitudinal direction. Bearings project from side walls of the insulating body and absorb thrust and shear forces. The insulating body includes an upper and a lower parallelepipedal dimensionally stable box member filled with insulating material. The insulating body further includes a further dimensionality stable box member which is filled with an insulating material and which is arranged as a middle box member between the upper-box member and the lower box member. The middle box member is fixedly connected to the upper box member and the lower box member.

Abstract: An insulating panel structure for application to the exterior of a building, the panel structure having an inner surface to be attached to the building and an outer surface to be attached to an exterior load such as cladding material. The panel structure has external stringers along the outer surface of the panel for attachment of the exterior load, connectors extending perpendicularly from the internal surface to the external stringers to transmit compressive forces from the exterior load to the building, lateral connectors that run diagonally upward from the external stringers to the inner surface to transmit tensile forces from the weight of the exterior load from the external stringers of the panel to the building, and insulating foam embedded in the space defined between the inner and outer surfaces.

Abstract: A roofing support system includes a spacer bracket having a lower edge adapted to pierce through a layer of insulation to abut in direct contact with a purlin, a fastener that fastens the spacer bracket to the purlin, and an upper portion adapted to support a beam above the insulation layer and in spaced relationship to the purlin.

Abstract: A building wall panel has an outer skin, an inner skin and a foam insulated material sandwiched between the inner and outer skin. The panel defines a pair of edges between the front and back sides of the panel. A rail is positioned in the foam insulating material adjacent the outer skin near one of the edges. The rail enables securement of a façade to the panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for securing safing insulation in the gap formed between a spandrel and a slab. Additionally, the present invention eliminates the need for stiffening tees and/or stiffening brackets. In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention utilizes a first portion of safing secured to spandrel insulation positioned in an exterior wall structure and a second portion of safing insulation positioned adjacent to the first portion of safing insulation and between the spandrel insulation and the slab. By fixedly securing the first portion of safing insulation to the spandrel insulation, any deformation of the spandrel insulation caused by the forces exerted by the compressed second portion of safing insulation on spandrel insulation results in the first portion of safing insulation moving with the spandrel insulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates safing insulation and, particularly, to safing insulation with pre-applied smoke sealant and methods for using the same. In one exemplary embodiment, safing insulation sheets are formed from individual safing insulation sections having a layer of smoke sealant applied to the upper surface of the safing insulation sections. In order to form the safing insulation sheets, individual safing insulation sections are arranged with the fibers of each individual section extending in a vertical direction and a smoke sealant is applied thereto. The smoke sealant acts to mechanically secure the individual sections of safing insulation to one another and also eliminates the need to apply smoke sealant to the safing insulation after installation. Advantageously, by pre-applying the smoke sealant to the safing insulation, the need to use spraying equipment to apply the smoke sealant to the safing insulation at a job site is eliminated.

Abstract: A system for revitalizing an existing structure and a method of using the system are disclosed. The system includes an insulating panel that has a body and reinforcing metal strips. The system also includes at least one fastening strap coupled to the insulating panel, the fastening strap has at least one recess having a hole. The system also has at least one fastening device that passes through the hole in the recess of the fastening strap and secures the at least one fastening strap and the insulating panel to the existing structure. The recesses of the fastening strap are positioned so that the fastening devices engage the body of the insulating panel.

Abstract: An insulation insert panel for use with an ICF block having a pair of opposed panel members and a plurality of tie members extending transversely therebetween, the insert panel including a plurality of spaced apart slots extending along the length thereof for mating with the tie members associated with the ICF block into which it is being inserted, each slot including at least one notch located in the vicinity of its terminal end portion for receiving at least one crossbar member associated with each tie member when the insert panel is fully positioned within the ICF block.

Abstract: A building wall system includes first and second barrier panels, and an exterior facade system. Each panel includes an inner sheet and an outer sheet with a foam core positioned between the inner and outer sheets. Each of the inner and outer sheets defines an inner surface and an outer surface, respectively. A joint is defined by the first and second barrier panels. The exterior facade is secured to the first and second barrier panels via a fastener extending through the outer and inner sheets of the first barrier panel and the inner sheet of the second barrier panel without penetrating the inner surfaces of the first and second barrier panels.

Abstract: An insulated door comprising a door shell having spaced first and second exterior panels. The door includes a plurality of stiffeners bonded to a liner panel, with thermal insulation between adjacent stiffeners, disposed within the door shell. The liner panel may extend along one side of the stiffeners and the thermal insulation along the liner panel between the stiffeners and the first and second exterior panels. The stiffeners and the liner panel are preferably made of steel and the stiffeners are welded to the liner panel. The stiffeners are preferably not welded to the first and second exterior panels of the door shell. The liner panel is preferably insertable into the first or second exterior panels of the door shell. The insulation material fills substantially all of the space between the liner panel and one of the first or second exterior panels.

Abstract: An insulation system includes a panel having a major surface, a layer of fibrous insulating material and at least one securing clip affixed to the panel and securing the insulation layer to the major surface. Each clip includes first and second connectors. Each connector includes a head, two diametrically-opposed resilient latching elements projecting from the head and a first locking shoulder extending at least partially between the latching elements. Each latching element includes a latching shoulder adjacent a distal end opposite the head.

Abstract: This invention relates to a prefabricated element (1) for a dwelling unit that is notable in that it comprises: a vertical wall (2) of approximately constant thickness comprising a front face (3), a rear face (4) and a peripheral face (5); a first lip (6) along each horizontal edge of said front face (3); a second lip (7) down each vertical edge of said front face (3); first and second ribs (8, 9) forming with the first and second lips (6, 7) a grid of cells (10) suitable for filling with insulating materials (11) and accepting an interior trim (14) to mask the entire grid; a peripheral edging (23) creating at least one bearing face and a barrier buffer; and at least first and second fixing members (20, 21) for connecting the prefabricated elements (1) to each other.

Abstract: A connector strip is mechanically pressed into a slot formed in a concrete wall. The connector strip has a distal end with resilient, deformable legs that engage the walls of the slot—when the strip is pressed into the slot the legs deform from a resting position and press against the walls of the slot, preventing the strip from being pulled out of engagement in the slot. The proximal end of the connector strip is defined by transverse retaining arms that retain insulation board against the concrete, and which serve as a surface into which siding and sheetrock may be anchored with nails or screws.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat insulation element for insulating building facades, in particular for heat insulation composite systems, composed of a heat insulating board and a reinforcement mesh that can be penetrated by fastening elements, in particular plugs, wherein the reinforcement mesh is placed in the area of a large surface of the heat insulating board. It is the object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages of the state of the art and in particular to provide a heat insulation element which even in case of high tightening torques of the fastening elements does not excessively tends to be deformed into the direction of the building facade. This a i m is achieved by a heat insulation element according to the invention, in which the reinforcement mesh is arranged as a component of an abutment at a distance to the surface of the heat insulating board and in which the reinforcement mesh comprises a surface area which is smaller than the area of the surface of the heat insulating board.

Abstract: An assembly for constructing a concrete wall includes a first plurality of form panels defining a first wall plane, a second plurality of form panels defining a second wall plane and a first plurality of foam sheets. The first and second plurality of form panels are constructed of frames and webs. The webs are constructed of a web material. The first plurality of foam sheets define a first concrete interface plane. The first concrete interface plane is generally parallel to the first and second wall planes. The first plurality of foam sheets is secured to the first plurality of form panels by a screw. The first plurality of form panels, second plurality of form panels and first plurality of foam sheets are secured by a plurality of ties. The first concrete interface plane and the second wall plane define a wall cavity.

Abstract: A spacer accessory including: a shank extending in an axial direction, one end of which includes a mechanism for securing the shank to a structural element of the wall that is to be lined and the other end of which includes a mechanism assembling the shank with lining studwork; two claws surrounding the shank; and a mechanism locking the two claws against one another with axial clamping.

Abstract: An insulated door comprising a door shell having spaced first and second exterior panels. The door includes a plurality of stiffeners bonded to a liner panel, with thermal insulation between adjacent stiffeners, disposed within the door shell. The liner panel may extend along one side of the stiffeners and the thermal insulation along the liner panel between the stiffeners and the first and second exterior panels. The stiffeners and the liner panel are preferably made of steel and the stiffeners are welded to the liner panel. The stiffeners are preferably not welded to the first and second exterior panels of the door shell. The liner panel is preferably insertable into the first or second exterior panels of the door shell. The insulation material fills substantially all of the space between the liner panel and one of the first or second exterior panels.

Abstract: A composite wall panel is provided. The composite wall panel comprises a first layer of molded structural material and a second layer of molded structural material. An insulating foam layer is disposed between the first and second molded structural layers. The foam layer includes a first major side in contact with the first layer of molded structural material and a second major side in contact with the second layer of molded structural material. The first and second major sides of the insulating foam layer each have at least one groove. Each groove has at least one groove shoulder. At least one connector is configured to anchor the first and second layers of structural material to the insulating foam layer. The first and second layers of molded structural material extend into the grooves and under the groove shoulders to form a mechanical engagement between the insulating foam layer and the first and second layers of molded structural material.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a substructure for aligning a building cover structure for an insulated wall (1), wherein said wall (1) is provided with a layer of insulation material (2), which is mounted to the wall (1) by a plurality of elongated insulation mounting members (3) and cover support profiles (4), which are mounted on the mounting members (2), comprises adjustment means for adjusting the distance between the mounting members (3) and the cover support profiles (4), wherein said adjustment means comprises two or more assembly brackets (5) mounted on at least one side of the cover support profile (4), and wherein each assembly bracket (5) comprises a cover support profile receiving first end (5A) and a distal second end (5B) adapted for penetration into the insulation material (2) on one or both sides of the insulation mounting member (3) and that the bracket is provided with apertures (11, 12) between said first and second ends (5A, 5B) receiving associated fasteners for securing the assembly brac

Abstract: Disclosed is a retrofit arrangement for securing a new roof structure above an already existing roof structure. The system uses thermal blocks placed crosswise between the ribs on the existing roof structure. Above a series of these thermal blocks, a longitudinal support strip is provided onto which a plurality of clips can be fastened. The blocks provide thermal resistance, and enable a reduction in number of fasteners required for assembly.

Abstract: An improved purlin clip has an arm and a leg defining a channel to receive the lower flange of a ceiling purlin. A pin is integrally formed with the lower leg of the clip and extends downwardly. The pin is adapted to penetrate a ceiling membrane. A cap is frictionally fit onto the pin to retain the membrane adjacent the purlin, and to support the membrane, with the insulation blown in between the membrane and the ceiling deck. The pin includes teeth or barbs for retentively engaging the cap.

Abstract: An architectural concrete structure and a wall system formed with a plurality of architectural concrete structure wherein each block has first and second cement sections spaced apart and joined together with steel reinforcing bars and tubular members filled with cement. The first and second sections have parallel outer wall surfaces and inner wall surfaces which taper outwardly in an upward direction. Foam insulation is secured to each of the tapering wall surfaces, which insulation members define a tapered passageway extending through the length of the structure.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an insulating wall system for a building structure, wherein the wall system comprises a first wall having an exterior surface with insulation material attached to the exterior surface of the first wall by elongated fastening members extending through at least one wall member of a second wall and the insulation material and being fixed to the first wall, wherein the elongated fastening members are mounted substantially perpendicular to the exterior surface of the first wall and that the elongated fastening members are mounted pre-stressed with a predetermined amount of tension so that frictional forces between the insulation material and the exterior surface of the first wall and the inner surface of the second wall, respectively, are established. A wall system according to the invention includes fewer components and may provide an improved insulation as the components constituting thermal bridging may be reduced.

Abstract: An insulated frame unit for enclosing a wall to provide a highly insulated and airtight wall is provided. The frame unit includes a panel that is formed from a rigid insulated composition such as an expanded foam composition. The panels can be mounted to a wall frame in rows and columns to enclose the wall, and may include outwardly extending flanges that can cooperate with a flange of an adjacent frame unit to provide a stud-receiving opening into which a stud is inserted when mounting the frame units to the frame of the building. The frame unit is mountable to the frame with the interior side of the stud extending from the inner side of the frame unit so that adequate space is provided between the inner side of the frame unit and an interior finish member mounted to the interior side of the studs.

Abstract: The invention concerns a building component that is assembled from a plastic foam material and a reinforcement netting of a spatial structure being at least partly embedded in the foam material, in which the plastic foam material is provided with a layer of sand at the side where the reinforcement netting projects from the foam material. The individual grains of the layer of sand are mutually connected to a binding agent to be applied in a liquid state, in which directly connecting to the layer of sand, the foam material is formed with the same binding agent.

Abstract: An interlocking curtain wall insulation system for a building having a backer bar spaced from a floor slab defining a perimeter void between the floor slab and an outer wall, a safing insulation disposed above the backer bar and compression fit within the perimeter void between the floor slab and the backer bar, a first curtain wall insulation extending from an upper surface of the safing insulation adjacent the backer bar, a second curtain wall insulation depending from the backer bar.

Abstract: The present invention provides a building to be constructed without any troublesome work. The building is a building comprising a construction material 12, which has a plane heat insulation material 14 in which a madreporic core material is enclosed in a vacuum and a plate structural face material 12a, and whose heat insulation material 14 and structural face material 12a are combined in a way that a plane surface of the heat insulation material 14 faces to one side of a plane surface of the structural face material 12a, and further comprising a wooden base 9b assembled on the construction material 12 and an external wall finishing material 3 fixed on the wooden base 9b.

Abstract: A roof deck including a structural panel, a sound-absorbing media and a plurality of clips. The structural panel includes a bottom member, an upper member and a receiving cavity therebetween. The clip includes a body having a first side and a second side, a step portion, and a first prong member projecting outward from the first side of the body. At least one clip is inserted into the sound-absorbing media which is placed into the receiving cavity of the structural panel.

Abstract: An interlocking curtain wall insulation system for a building having a backer bar spaced from a floor slab defining a perimeter void between the floor slab and an outer wall, a safing insulation disposed above the backer bar and compression fit within the perimeter void between the floor slab and the backer bar, a first curtain wall insulation extending from an upper surface of the safing insulation adjacent the backer bar, a second curtain wall insulation depending from the backer bar.

Abstract: In a roof system, a top coat of lightweight insulating concrete is anchored to an underlying base slurry coat of lightweight concrete and a metal, gypsum, tectum or concrete roof deck by installing anchoring devices at spaced intervals. The anchoring devices may be made of plastic, steel or aluminum and include a threaded shank extending upwardly from a base plate. The anchoring devices are installed by fastening the base plates to the underlying roof deck structure or by setting the base plates in the lightweight base concrete slurry coat so that the threaded shanks of the anchoring devices extend upwardly through holes in EPS board insulation and into the subsequently applied top coat of lightweight insulating concrete. The base plate and threaded shank effectively anchor the attachment of the lightweight insulating concrete top coat to the underlying base slurry coat and roof deck to enhance resistance to wind uplift forces.

Abstract: A building envelope system for providing a continuous air, water, vapor and thermal barrier about a building structure is provided. The building envelope system includes framing structurally connected to the building structure and at least one barrier panel attached to an outer face of the framing and providing an air, water, vapor and thermal barrier about the building structure. The at least one barrier panel includes a structural foam core and inner and outer facing sheets provided about the structural foam core. The at least one barrier panel provides structural support for an exterior facade system. The exterior façade system is attachable to the outer facing sheet of the at least one barrier panel such that the air, water, vapor and thermal barrier defined by the at least one barrier panel is maintained.

Abstract: A composite building panel includes a substantially rigid planar sheet and a substantially rigid first skin. The first skin includes a plurality of anchors embedded in the sheet. The anchors fix the first skin to the sheet.

Abstract: A masonry cavity wall structure includes a cast-in-place reinforced concrete structural wall member erected between and in confronting engagement with the outer side of a first, inner masonry wythe and the inner side of an outwardly spaced-away, upstanding wall of rigid insulation panels supported by wire tie members in embedded engagement in the mortar joints of the inner wythe, the inner wythe and tie-supported insulation panels also being used during construction of the cavity wall to provide the supporting concrete formwork for the poured structural wall member. A second, outer veneer wythe is erected a predetermined spaced distance outwardly from the insulation panels and forms an airspace cavity therebetween, the wire tie members also engaged in the mortar joints of the second, outer wythe whereby to structurally tie the masonry cavity wall together.

Abstract: An engineered wall system for use above or below ground constituted of zinc-borate treated timber strand studs with sheets of structural fiberglass reinforced plastic and rigid foam insulation. The invention is particularly suitable as an alternative to other materials and methods commonly used to construct foundations for residential structures. This wall system exhibits great strength, durability, as well as improved resistance to mold, insects, water and fire.