Abstract: Described is a covering element for buildings comprising at least one, preferably fixedly arranged support apparatus and at least one film pillow that displays two outer film layers, between which is formed at least one hollow space closed in a gastight manner and containing gas, especially air, and displays a fastening section in which the two outer film layers are connected to each other and by which section the film pillow is anchored to the support apparatus. The special aspect of this covering element for buildings consists in the fact that at least one thermally insulating element is arranged in the fastening section of the film pillow and in the fact that the two outer film layers are spaced apart from each other by the thermally insulating element and thereby rest upon the latter.

Abstract: A lightweight roofing slate that is resistant to the pressure of high forced winds. The roofing slate is preferably made from autoclaved aerated concrete that is lightweight, fireproof, termite proof and can withstand hurricane force winds when properly mounted to a roof. Roofing slates are applied to the roof in an overlapping formation. An adhesive material is applied to the bottom surface of each roofing slate so that the overlapping roofing slate is secured to the top surface of the adjacent roofing slate and each roofing slate is further secured to the roof. A nontoxic, water based sealer is applied to the top surface of the roofing slates after they are secured to the roof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a product that includes (a) a wood-based composite panel having a pair of outer surfaces; and (b) a radiant barrier material having a pair of outer surfaces, wherein at least a portion of an outer surface of the radiant barrier material is adhered to at least a portion of an outer surface of the wood-based composite panel; wherein the radiant barrier material that includes apertures such that the apertures are present in about 49 apertures per square inch of radiant barrier material or less, inclusive. The invention also includes methods for manufacturing such product.

Abstract: An adhesive composition is provided for adhering together roofing materials such as EPDM rubber and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). The adhesive composition includes a rubbery polymer comprising a blend of a thermoplastic block copolymer selected from the group consisting of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, a styrene-ethylene/propylene block copolymer and an ethylene-propylene block copolymer and combinations thereof and a polyisobutylene. Roofing articles incorporating the adhesive composition are also provided. The composition is a pressure sensitive adhesive that allows roofing articles to be applied in a peel and stick manner.

Abstract: A cap sheet for cold-applied adhesive roof installations includes a reinforcement mat saturated with and encapsulated within SBS modified bitumen. Bitumen layers above and beneath the mat have top and bottom major surfaces. The top surface of the top bituminous layer has a first edge portion extending inward from and along a first lateral edge. The bottom surface of the bottom bituminous layer has a second edge portion extending inward from and along a second lateral edge. The bitumen in the edge portions is a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is covered by release liners for protection prior to installation. When the cap sheets are installed, the release liners are removed from the edge portions and overlapping edge portions of the cap sheets are pressed and adhesively bonded together to immediately form effective watertight, weather-secure seams.

Abstract: A roof transition assembly for a roof deck having a corrugated sheet and a rigid sheet wherein a base component is positioned at the perimeter of the roof deck and has two legs. The first leg secures the base component to the corrugated sheet, and the second leg extends from the first leg, generally parallel to a free edge of the roof deck. The second leg includes an anchoring surface. An upper component positioned at the perimeter of the roof deck has a connector portion and an anchor portion. The anchor portion is secured to the roof deck, and the connector portion extends from the anchor portion and overlays and is secured to the anchoring surface of the base component, thus anchoring the base component and upper component to the roof deck.

Abstract: A roof structure for covering a roof substrate includes a waterproof membrane having a layer of fleece material disposed on a first side thereof. The roof structure also includes a moisture curing, substantially non-volatile polyether based adhesive disposed on at least a portion of the first side of the waterproof membrane. At least some of the adhesive is disposed within the fleece material to permit bonding of the waterproof membrane to a roof substrate of a low slope roof of a building structure.

Abstract: A laminate composition of a thin film of low density polyethylene adhered to a sheet of low density polyethylene foam by means of a very thin layer of low density polyethylene. The polyethylene foam has a low density which is preferably between about 1.9 pcf and about 2.2 pcf. The bottom polyethylene film serves as a vapor barrier. One side of the polyethylene film extends beyond one edge of the polyethylene foam sheet. The laminate composition is installed in a free floating manner on the concrete subflooring, with the polyethylene film or the polyethylene foam sheet contacting the surface of the concrete subflooring. The laminate composition is usually in long strips, so when it is installed one edge of one strip overlies the extended portion of the polyethylene film of an adjacent strip. Tape having adhesive on both sides can be positioned between the overlay region to adhere together the overlaid portions to prevent movement thereof during installation of the laminate wood finish flooring.

Abstract: A storage tank (100) with a pre-insulated outer tank (110) has been described, and a method for building such. For building a wall (112) of an outertank (110), a formwork (90) is erected with an inner partition (92) to which PVC-foam plates (10) have been attached, which at their inner surface (2) are provided with a coating (3) provided with gravel (4). Subsequently, concrete (94) is poured into the inner formwork space (93), which concrete attaches firmly to the gravel sticking out of the coating. On a floor (111), a coating layer (121) is applied, over which a layer of PVC-foam plates (122) is applied. Subsequently, a secondary monolithic coating layer (123) is sprayed over those PVC-foam plates (122) and onto the inner surface of the coated PVC-plates 10 of the wall (112).

Abstract: The invention refers to such type of insulation for slanting roof structures that provides for optimum heat stability and for simultaneous carrying support of the basic and the protective roofings. The insulation with slanting roof structures providing for optimum heat stability and for simultaneous carrier support consists of a layer of rock wool of a 160-170 kg/m3; density and of 60-80 kN/m2; crush strength, providing simultaneously for adequate heat stability of the roof structure and applied as the carrier support of the basic and the protective roofings.

Abstract: A roof decking membrane welding system and method comprises first and second roof decking membranes having edge portions thereof welded to each other so as to define a seamed connection therebetween. The edge portion of a first one of the membranes is disposed beneath a seam plate and folded over the top of the seam plate so as to be secured upon itself either at a location adjacent to the seamed connection with the second membrane or between the first membrane and the edge portion of the second membrane. In either case, the folded edge portion of the first membrane forms a closed loop portion which presents multiple regions for load-sharing in resisting uplifting wind load forces. Alternatively, the edge portion of the first membrane is folded over itself but disposed beneath the seam plate so as to present dual plies of the first membrane for engagement with the seam plate so as to again provide load-sharing characteristics under uplifting wind load forces.

Abstract: The flow of radon from the ground into a building is suppressed by placing a plastic film on or under the lowest floor of the building. The plastic film is made of a material having an oxygen diffusivity of less than about 10 cubic centimeters per day.

Abstract: Roof insulation applicator (10) for applying blanket insulation or other sheet material to the roof of an industrial building includes a carriage (12) for mounting on adjacent purlins (14 and 15) of a partially completed roof. Support roller (40) is applied by the carriage to the upper surfaces of the purlins (14 and 15) and the carriage is tiltable about the support roller (40). The center of gravity of the carriage (12) is applied rearwardly of the support roller (40), between the support roller (40) and the rear of the carriage. Purlin engager (60) is mounted to the front of the carriage and engages under the upper laterally extending flange (22) of the purlin (14). The purlin engager at the front of the carriage limits the downward pivoting of the rear end of the carriage so that a lever arm effect is applied by the weight of the rear portion of the structure to the support roller (40).

Abstract: A waterproof-sheet type of roofing shingle comprises a belt-like tape attached to a bottom side of the roofing shingle facing a concrete slab. The belt-like tape has air passages for reducing a pressure of steam or vapor generated from concrete. The air passages are formed by projections or grooves and adapted to be in communication with air passages of an adjacent roofing shingle. The air passages are eventually in communication with an ambient atmosphere so as to vent the steam or vapor to the atmosphere, and therefore, bulging of waterproofing material is prevented from occurring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roofing shingle, which can surely prevent water such as rainwater from leaking through a roof. A roofing shingle has a rectangular plate (11) provided with first through fourth seam portions (11a-11d). The first and second seam portions (11a, 11b) are positioned in a pair along opposite side edges of said plate and folded in opposite directions with respect to a plane of said plate. The third and fourth seam portions (11c, 11d) are positioned in a pair along opposite end edges of said plate and folded in opposite directions with respect to the plane of said plate. The roofing shingle comprises a waterproofing sheet member (20) having a sheet (21) with its configuration greater than that of said plate and adhesive layers (22a, 22b) provided on both sides of the sheet.

Abstract: A large width single-ply heat-weldable roof membrane. The roof membrane includes at least two sheets of a thermoplastic polyolefin and one fold strip of a thermoplastic elastomer. The sheets have side edges. The fold strip is bonded to the sheets to join the sheets and form the large width single-ply roof membrane. The thermoplastic elastomer consists of a highly cross-linked rubbery polymer and a thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: A roof decking membrane welding system and method comprises first and second roof decking membranes having edge portions thereof welded to each other so as to define a seamed connection therebetween. The edge portion of a first one of the membranes is disposed beneath a seam plate and folded over the top of the seam plate so as to be secured upon itself either at a location adjacent to the seamed connection with the second membrane or between the first membrane and the edge portion of the second membrane. In either case, the folded edge portion of the first membrane forms a closed loop portion which presents multiple regions for load-sharing in resisting uplifting wind load forces. Alternatively, the edge portion of the first membrane is folded over itself but disposed beneath the seam plate so as to present dual plies of the first membrane for engagement with the seam plate so as to again provide load-sharing characteristics under uplifting wind load forces.

Abstract: An evacuated panel is provided for thermal insulation of a body (3, 4) having non-planar surfaces, the panel having two main faces and comprising a flexible envelope (1), made of one or more barrier sheets, and a filling material formed of at least two boards (2; 2′) of an open cell polymeric foam, the boards lying one over the other, and each board having a thickness between about 2 and 8 mm.

Abstract: A masonry block drainage system comprising a sheet-like waterproofing strip for water-sealing the top of masonry blocks having vertically-extending cavities, at least one drainage fabric member, and at least one weep member for draining water from the drainage fabric member.

Abstract: An improved waterproofing system for the concrete slab of a flat roof on a building is disclosed. The waterproofing system uses hollow plastic panels of designed size, different thickness, and groove and tongue joints for interconnecting the panels. A supplementary waterproofing layer may be installed using sheet membrane materials such as asphalt sheet, metal sheet and other sheets on vertical surfaces, especially the parapet of the roof. The invention further concerns a construction method for applying a fiber mesh reinforcement on the connection joint and for applying fluid-applied materials on the substrate with sheet membrane layers on vertical surfaces. The waterproofing layer of sloped step type, hollow plastic panels of different thickness, permits fast drainage of stagnant water, which inhibits weather damage to the waterproofing layer.

Abstract: A roofing membrane material is disclosed. The material is characterized in that it includes a woven or non-woven fibrous mat encapsulated within a non-adhesive asphalt coating, the resulting encapsulated mat having an adhesive asphalt layer applied to one surface thereof. An acrylic coating is applied to the surface of the encapsulated mat that is not in contact with the adhesive asphalt layer. The resulting membrane, when applied to a roofing deck, provides a high traction surface that will not adhere to shingles and provides an effective waterproofing seal on the roofing deck.

Abstract: A stress plate or seam plate for use in connection with securing membrane sheets to underlying roofing decking substructure comprises a circular disk having a central aperture for receiving a screw fastener. A plurality of concentric ribs are defined between the central aperture and the peripheral edge of the plate for providing reinforcing and bending or flexibility characteristics to the stress plate or seam plate, and in accordance with the principles and teachings of the present invention, a plurality of circumferentially spaced, downwardly extending projections having substantially V-shaped cross-sectional configurations are provided upon the underside of the seam or stress plate so as to engage the membrane sheets and retain the same at their desired locations upon the underlying roofing deck substructural assembly.

Abstract: A sealed roof and a method of sealing a roof is disclosed. The sealed roof is of the type having a inclined substrate with a first layer of shingles attached thereto. A sealing means is positioned adjacent at least a portion of the first layer of shingles. A second later of shingles is placed over the sealing means and attached to the roof.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a membrane laminate for a roofing system comprising a membrane sheet and a nonwoven material laminated to said sheet. The nonwoven material has a semi-permeable, skinned layer formed therein.

Abstract: The following disclosure describes a wood-product based door or window component including a wood-product based core having opposing first and second surfaces and at least a first side edge. Overlaying at least part of the first surface is a first overlay structure that includes a resin-impregnated paper, and overlaying at least part of the second surface is a second overlay structure that includes a resin-impregnated paper. The wood product based core has an edge band attached to the first side edge, and the edge band includes a resin-impregnated paper. The edge band is attached so that a portion of the wood-product based core is between the resin-impregnated paper of the edge band and the resin-impregnated paper overlaying the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: A composite roof structure, and a corresponding method of fabricating the structure, are disclosed which includes use of a layer of non-cellular adhesive material (preferably a two-component non-cellular polyurea polyurethane adhesive material), roof insulation panels, along with a flexible roof membrane, preferably made of thermoplastic olefin rubber, including a rubber-like sheet having a fleece-like matting secured to the underside thereof. The non-cellular adhesive is preferably sprayed onto a roof substrate and prior to complete solidification thereof the roof membrane or roof insulation is pressed into the adhesive so that the matting becomes embedded therein.

Abstract: A trolley carrying a roll of vapor retarder fabric is supporting on building roof purlins and moved along the purlins as the fabric is dispensed onto the purlins under longitudinal tension. Fabric tension is maintained to inhibit sagging thereof between the purlins by applying one braking force to the fabric roll and another braking force between the trolley and the purlins. The trolley has a rectangular support frame with opposite sides and front and rear ends. Rotatable rollers adjacent the rear end movably support the frame on the purlins, and a friction brake adjacent the front end engages the purlins. A handle attachment adjacent the rollers receives a handle for tilting the frame about the rollers to release the frame brake and push the trolley along the purlins. A frame guide roller extends downwardly from the front end of the frame for engaging a side of a purlin to prevent skewing of the frame relative to the purlins.

Abstract: A hybrid waterproofing structure and a construction method therefor are provided to prevent water leak on a housetop or roof, in which the structure is improved to take merits of an asphalt sheet and a coating waterproof material and supplement demerits thereof. The hybrid waterproofing structure includes a waterproof sheet in which the edges of connection portions keep a predetermined distance from each other, when the waterproof sheets are laid on the upper surface of a slab layer, where bottom hair roots of a nonwoven fabric are implanted and fused into the upper surface of an asphalt sheet, and upper hair trunks of the nonwoven fabric are protruded externally, and a coating waterproofing layer formed by coating liquid-phase coating waterproofing material on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a membrane laminate for a roofing system comprising a membrane sheet and a nonwoven material laminated to said sheet. The nonwoven material has a semi-permeable, skinned layer formed therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for attaching roof membranes to roof decks. A bridge is placed on flaps created by overlapping portions of roofing material. The bridge is comprised of two end portions which engage the roofing material. A screw is preferably installed through the bridge and into the roof deck. When wind applies force to the roofing membrane, the bridge creates a fulcrum-like effect which helps secure the roof membrane to the roof deck.

Abstract: A water-impermeable and adhering elongated liner protection device for temporarily externally protecting a structure such as a house building or an appliance item or the like against natural disasters such as flood, wind and the like. The liner substantially covers the perimeter of the structure from the ground surface surrounding the structure up to the base, the external side walls, including discontinuities such as corners, doors and window openings, and the roof of the structure. Generally heavy weights such as sand bags are distributed over the liner lapping over the ground surface to provide a hermetic protection between the surface and the liner. The preferably sticky and stretchable liner forms successive layers that wrap around the structure and adhere to the latter while sealably overlapping other the adjacent layer. The present invention also relates to the method of using such protection device.

Abstract: Metal building insulation includes a non-woven covering material over the top surface of a double layer of glass fiber, with a vapor retarder between the layers, protected by a porous film.

Abstract: A sealed roof and a method of sealing a roof is disclosed. The sealed roof is of the type having a inclined substrate with a first layer of shingles attached thereto. A sealing means is positioned adjacent at least a portion of the first layer of shingles. A second later of shingles is placed over the sealing means and attached to the roof.

Abstract: A weatherproofing membrane having a high traction surface is used on a roof or other such location to prevent individuals from slipping. The weatherproofing membrane includes a facer sheet formed of a weatherproofing material and one or more polymer regions disposed on an upper side of the facer sheet. The weatherproofing membrane also includes a layer of modified asphalt disposed on the lower side of the facer sheet and a release backing disposed over the modified asphalt. The polymer is softer than the weatherproofing material and thus provides a higher traction surface than the weatherproofing material of the facer sheet. The polymer includes a low molecular weight polyethylene and an amorphous polyolefin (APO) in respective proportions ranging from about 50/50 to 90/10. The low molecular weight polyethylene and the APO are mixed hot and applied to the facer sheet, for example, using conventional coating techniques.

Abstract: A roof covering includes an upper portion, a lower portion, and a retainer. The upper portion includes a nailing strip, a water stop, a lock, and a lock indicator. After a first strip of the roof covering is installed on a roof, a second strip of the roof covering is interlocked with and secured to the first strip. A retainer of the second strip is received in the lock of the first strip to secure the strips together. Successive strips of roof coverings are added to a roof until a desired area is covered.

Abstract: A sealed roof and a method of sealing a roof is disclosed. The sealed roof is of the type having a inclined substrate with a first layer of shingles attached thereto. A sealing means is positioned adjacent at least a portion of the first layer of shingles. A second later of shingles is placed over the sealing means and attached to the roof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing a product which exhibits (a) a low level of emissivity and (b) a high level of moisture vapor permeability, and which enables trapped excess moisture to be transported from the product to the surrounding atmosphere while maintaining its effective radiant barrier properties. The product is an underlying substrate, having a pair of outer major surfaces and a radiant barrier material adhered to at least one of the pair of outer major surfaces of the underlying substrate with an adhesive material to form a radiant barrier material covered substrate. A plurality of apertures are formed in the radiant barrier material covered substrate. These apertures extend substantially completely through both the radiant barrier material and the adhesive material thereby forming substantially completely open moisture vapor flow channels which create a high level of moisture vapor permeability through the radiant barrier material and the adhesive material.

Abstract: A sealed roof and a method of sealing a roof is disclosed. The sealed roof is of the type having a inclined substrate with a first layer of shingles attached thereto. A waterproof membrane is adhered to at least a portion of the first layer of shingles. A second layer of shingles is placed over the waterproof membrane and attached to the substrate.

Abstract: A polymeric waterproofing membrane is provided which has an improved biaxial elongation compared with conventional polymeric waterproofing membranes. The membrane is a composite of an upper layer and a lower layer as well as an in between situated barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer comprises at least one organic polymeric material and the upper layer and the lower layer comprise at least one organic polymeric material which has better mechanical characteristics in comparison to the organic polymeric material used in the barrier layer. The upper layer and the lower layer contain the same or different materials. The organic polymeric material for the barrier layer is not damaged upon biaxial elongation of the polymeric waterproofing membrane, and biaxial elongation of the polymeric waterproofing membrane does not result in separation of the layers.

Abstract: A finished flooring underlayment is disclosed including a flexible membrane which is resistant to water, mold and deterioration under wet or dry conditions, and which has intertwined filaments bonded to the membrane surface that act as mortar reinforcement and as gauges to provide a uniform thickness of application for cementicious mortar. The mortar is provided separately and is mixed to a suitable consistency with either water or latex additive, then poured or placed on the mat, utilizing the gauges provided by the filaments to effect a uniform thickness of application. This mortar hardens to a strong, load bearing surface or slab suitable for application of finished flooring.

Abstract: An improved roof and method wherein each course of slate is underlain with an interlayment material layer such that the interlayment material acts as a base to the through joints, resulting in a reduction in the amount of slate used by approximately 40% to 50%. The slate meets side to side (the through joint), the underlaying interlayment material providing sufficient waterproofing to protect the roof as well as being of lighter weight and a more economical slate roof than the slate which it replaces.

Abstract: A metal deck roof repair module system that does not disturb the existing roofing membrane or insulation. The roof repair module has a surface profile similar to that of the existing deck, is installed from below the roof deck, and is jacked into mating position with the bottom surface of the existing roof deck. The repair module comprises two elongated frame angles pre-welded to a piece of corrugated sheet metal. The module is ultimately supported between two adjacent roof beams through support angles which frictionally engage the roof beam. A jacking lever comprised of a handle, an oval-shaped head, and a pin extending from a perimeter of the head, lifts the module to the existing deck by camming against a lower edge of the frame angle. A guide bolt extends through the frame angles and the support angles to prevent lateral movement of the module as it is raised.

Abstract: An improved roll roof membrane for use in commercial applications, i.e., flat and low pitch roof structures, and a method for the preparation thereof. The roof membrane comprises a support sheet, and top and bottom layers comprising APP modified bitumen, the top APP modified bitumen layer having a selvage edge disposed along one side of the membrane and the bottom APP modified bitumen layer having a second selvage edge disposed along the opposite side of the membrane. Each of the selvage edges have a series of embossed ridges and valleys adapted to accept adhesives, the valleys extending substantially through the APP modified bitumen layer to the support sheet. The membrane exhibits excellent peel strength with an adhesive, thereby eliminating the need to use a torch during installation in commercial roofing applications.

Abstract: A synthetic textile support for bituminous sheaths, particularly for the coating of roofs. The textile support consists of two layers of non-woven lap of polyester fibers, between which there is interposed a plurality of continuous polyester threads arranged parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the textile support.

Abstract: A roofing membrane heat seal indicator provides a positive, visually perceptible indication that a joint or seam has been raised to a sufficiently high temperature to achieve a proper seal. The heat seal indicator is applied adjacent and parallel to an edge of a roofing membrane which will be arranged on a roof to form the upper (exposed) surface of an overlapping membrane seam. As the adjacent surfaces of the overlapped membranes are heated, heat passes through the membrane to the heat seal indicator. The heat seal indicator may be a temperature sensitive ink pigmented with material that changes color upon being subjected to a temperature indicating that the membrane surface has been subjected to a sufficiently high temperature to achieve an appropriate seal. Alternatively, the indicator may be an adhered layer of a ground or flaked polymer, such as polyethylene, which is initially opaque but melts to become translucent, thereby indicating obtainment of a proper sealing temperature.

Abstract: This invention is a method for sealing pitched shingled roofs. The object is to minimize the cost associated with sealing a roof against standing water such as the case with an ice dam. The method involves placing a continuous waterproof membrane over existing roofing shingles and placing the new shingles on the membrane. The membrane is self adhesive on one side, which is used to adhere to the existing shingles. It is further durable enough to withstand the forces between layers of shingles and thin enough so not to present torque problems with the fasteners used to affix the new shingles to the roof substrate.

Abstract: A laterally air permeable roof assembly having seals at perimetrical edges of the roof and at all penetrations of the roof assembly includes secondary air seals spaced from the perimetrical air seals and the protrusion air seals such that the secondary air seals are isolated from unstable areas of the roof. The unstable areas of the roof are areas which experience a high degree of expansion and contraction in different planes.

Abstract: A method of applying a roof membrane assembly to a roof deck. The method includes the steps of providing a roof membrane assembly including a first roof membrane and a second roof membrane. The first roof membrane has at least one longitudinally extending edge and the second roof membrane overlaps the first roof membrane and is bonded along at least one longitudinally extending edge of the first roof membrane to define a membrane flap having a longitudinally extending edge. The roof membrane assembly is then positioned upon the roof deck and at least one roof membrane fastening device is positioned over the first roof membrane and beneath the longitudinally extending membrane flap and secured through the first roof membrane and into the roof deck. The longitudinally extending edge of the membrane flap is then bonded to the first roof membrane.

Abstract: A sheet is provided which can be applied to a planar base and onto which floor boards or tiles can laid, wherein the sheet comprises adhesive strips on its lower and upper sides. The adhesive strips are suitably applied in the longitudinal direction of the sheet. In an preferred aspect, two layers are fixedly connected to one another, a top layer comprising a foamed plastic having a high coefficient of sound insulation and a bottom layer comprising a vapor-tight material and an edge formed by a protruding bottom layer which may be provided on one longitudinal side.

Abstract: A clip for slidably mounting new standing seam-type or rib-type metal roof panels in spaced relationship above an existing rib-type or standing seam-type roof structure includes a base member and a slide member for attachment to the base member and the new panel. The base and slide members are interfitted in a manner which permits the slide member to shift longitudinally relative to the base member. The base and slide members include interfitted sections which are U-shaped in cross section, and the interfitted sections include a cutout and detent which cooperate to limit the amount of relative shifting between the base and slide members.