Abstract: A wall forming system that uses a pair of panels in combination with a furring strip assembly and retainer The pair of panels are placed in spaced relation using the combination of the furring strip assembly and the retainer wherein the furring strip assembly holds the exterior of the panels while the retainer is disposed between the panels to hold them at a predetermined distance. By holding the panels at a predetermined distance concrete is poured within the cavity formed between the panels to create a wall.

Abstract: A building module. The building module has a rigid inner construction panel defining a planar surface thereon; one or more rigid brackets each affixed by one or more mechanical fasteners to the planar surface of the inner construction panel; a rigid, closed-cell, spray foam or adhesive matrix contiguous to and substantially covering the planar surface of the construction panel and filling and surrounding and/or embedding at least a major portion of the one or more brackets. Each of the one or more brackets bears a planar surface facing substantially away from the planar surface of the inner construction panel. The surface area of the planar surface of each of the one or more brackets is substantially smaller than the surface area of the planar surface of the construction panel to which it is affixed. There is also a method for making a building module, a method for constructing a building using the building module, and brackets useful in the building module.

Abstract: A locking device 21 for an anchor bar 2 of an anchor system of a concrete wall formwork has an annular sealing element 15 for sealing off an anchor penetration hole 13 in the formwork facing 7 and a threaded nut element 24 for threading the anchor bar 2 into a threaded nut thread of the threaded nut element. A tubular guiding device 45 is flush with the threaded nut thread of the threaded nut element 24 on the end of the threaded nut element 24 to be located at the concrete formwork side. The sealing element 15 has an elastic rubber inner sealing ring 46 and the free end 51 of the guiding device 45 to be located at the formwork element side is sealingly inserted with the inner sealing ring 46 into the sealing element 15.

Abstract: An improved joint edge assembly, of the type used in the construction of concrete slabs, is disclosed. The assembly comprises a longitudinal joint rail, preferably of steel, which is supported off the ground by formwork. The joint rail comprises first and second joint edge members that are connected to each other by interference-type connectors with self-release elements. A plurality of studs extends downward and outward from each of the joint edge members into the concrete slabs provide a positive mechanical connection between the slab and the joint rail. As the concrete shrinks during hardening, the self-release elements of the interference-type connectors allow the joint to freely open. The joint edge assembly thus provides a self-releasing joint between adjacent slab sections, and protects the edges of the adjacent slab sections from damage. A dowel aligner may also be integrated into the assembly, to allow proper positioning of dowels within the slab.

Abstract: A brace for concrete forms employing first and second form elements includes at least one attachment member adapted and constructed to secure the brace to at least one of the form elements. A span member is connected to the at least one attachment member, and has a length sufficient to hold the first and second form elements apart. At least one article securing mechanism secures the article associated with the concrete form to the brace.

Abstract: A monopour foundation form has a flexible sheet form element having longitudinal edge portions and a contact portion, with the contact portion supported directly on the ground and oriented in the direction of the foundation axis. Transverse wall form supports supported directly on the flexible sheet form element, spaced apart and centered over the foundation axis, support a wall form assembly in a position above the ground. Edge portions of the flexible sheet form element are secured to the lower portions of the wall form panels thereby forming a general U-shape and extending longitudinally under the wall form assembly. A concrete mix fills the flexible sheet form element and interior portion of the wall form assembly, simultaneously forming the footing and wall.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a wall construction panel, comprising: a pair of walls connected by a plurality of stringers that allow the walls to be opened from a folded flat configuration to a popped open configuration; wherein the folded flat configuration allows for compact shipping; wherein the popped open configuration allows the walls to be filled with one or more tilling materials to provide strength, mass and/or impact resistance to the panel.

Abstract: A wall structure for either a building or a stand alone wall is formed with stacked horizontal elongated panels. The upper and lower faces of each panel interlocks with its neighboring panel with a tongue and groove joint to form a continuous wall surface.

Abstract: A concrete wall formwork module comprising a first side wall panel structure including a first grid and a first panel secured to the first grid, a second side wall panel structure including a second grid and a second panel secured to the second grid, and connecting rods having about a same length hingedly interconnecting the first and second side wall panel structures to allow movement thereof between a retracted parallel relationship to a spaced apart parallel relationship. A plurality of such concrete wall formwork modules allow assembling a formwork which is functionally similar to conventional formwork since the facing side wall panel structures are connected in a parallel relationship by the thin spacer connecting rods which allow concrete to freely travel within the formwork. When the first and second side wall panel structures are in the retracted parallel relationship, the concrete wall formwork module is more compact and therefore easier and less costly to transport.

Abstract: Distance piece, preferably for the manufacture of hollow or laminated walls, with at least three rods that are connected to each other, and where each rod has at least one supporting section, and the supporting sections of the three rods are spaced apart from each other to thus form a supporting plane.

Abstract: A system and method for building on a worksite utilizing compressed masonry blocks is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a block machine at or near a worksite for the structure, providing reusable material at or near the worksite as block material for forming a plurality of compressed blocks, manufacturing each of the plurality of compressed blocks by the block machine by compressing a measured portion of the block material under a pressure in the range of 2500 to 5000 psi, and forming the structure on the worksite from one or more of the plurality of compressed blocks. The reusable material includes common clay, foundry sand, coal ash, construction debris, demolition debris, waste road asphalt, or waste roof shingles.

Abstract: A concrete wall system includes first and second opposing wall panels and a plurality of spacers disposed between the first and second wall panels. A plurality of reinforcing bars is placed between the first and second wall panels and supported by the spacers, and a concrete core is disposed between the first and second wall panels such that the spacers and the reinforcing bars are embedded in the concrete core. Each one of the spacers has a cup-like body defining a closed first end and an open second end with a flange formed on the second end. The spacer bodies are tapered so that the spacers are stackable.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete wall system assembles rigid panels into two form walls in spaced apart relationship to securely hold poured concrete and reinforcing materials there between. The panels may include insulating foam. The panels are held securely side by side within a form wall by elongate connectors that have paired channels into which edges of the panels snugly fit. Each connector has brackets extending into the concrete space. Brackets are provided with perforations to receive tie rods. Each tie rod ties a bracket from one form wall to a bracket extending from the other form wall. This holds the space being filled with concrete together. The perforations are formed to resist releasing the tie rod once it has been inserted. Reinforcing steel is positioned by fastening to the tie rods.

Abstract: Provided is a fastener element for securing a curing blanket over the open upper end of a concrete form. The fastener element comprises a wire body including a central portion extending laterally for at least the distance of the width of the concrete form and a pair of attachment portions at opposite ends of the central portion. The attachment portions secure the fastener element to the outer walls of the concrete form.

Abstract: An assembly having an elongated monolithic body with opposing parallel surfaces spaced apart and having an elongated lateral dimension enclosing in end of one of the side panels of the ICF block wall forming an edge of an unobstructed opening and a portion of the opening to the cavity with a first portion dimensioned covering a portion of an outer surface of a side panel the wall proximate to the end of the side panel, a second portion covering the end of the side panel and a third portion extending inward towards the opening and retention members holes uniformly spaced apart and longitudinally positioned in a fixed position on an inner surface of the body for receiving and securing a first end of a coupling device having a second end coupled to one of the internal structural supports securing the body to the internal structural support.

Abstract: Methods of constructing an insulated concrete form structure and insulated concrete form structures having been built using the methods. The insulated concrete form structure having a structure opening through the structure, the structure opening defined by form edges and opening forms bonded to a concrete core of the structure. A method comprising erecting a set of spaced apart forms on a base; positioning opening forms in the space between the forms around a form opening through the forms; securing the opening forms around the form opening; and, pouring concrete to fill the space between the forms, around the opening forms, to a top portion of the forms, creating the concrete core of the structure.

Abstract: A novel wall system for residential and light commercial construction that incorporates autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). This wall system comprises AAC blocks married to a building frame with a system of clips. The AAC blocks are joined one to the next with thin-bed mortar. The cavity between the frame and the AAC blocks is injected with structural insulating foam. The exterior of the autoclaved aerated concrete walls is finished with waterproof decorative stucco.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wall molds for forming concrete columns and beams using a structural insulating core wall comprising of structural support members with spacer blocks or spacer insulation with inner and outer boards between the support members. The spacer blocks interlock vertically and horizontally between spacer blocks and/or the spacer insulation with its inner and outer boards, between the support channels and connectors, between the trough, horizontal tongue and the horizontal bracing channel all interlocking between each other and the column and beam molds into which concrete is poured into the molds when erected vertically. The beam and column molds use various types of connectors, the structural insulating core, the structural support members within the wall extending above the structural insulating core and the inner and outer boards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to various types of connectors used to form concrete columns and beams using a structural insulating core wall as a mold for forming column and beam molds. Some connectors can extend above the structural insulating core, used as support channels within the column and beam molds or are extensions of the support channels. Some connectors require grooves within the inner and outer boards so the connectors can twist and lock into the grooves while other slide within the grooves to form column and beam molds. Other connectors are installed horizontally interlocking the vertical support channels and connectors together. Some connectors are full height connectors while other can be short clip or brackets that attach to other connectors.

Abstract: Improved concrete form insert assemblies (20) are provided for use in the construction of thermally insulated poured concrete sandwich wall structures (22). The insert assemblies (20) include a central sheet (32) of insulative material such as synthetic resin foam, which is preferably encapsulated by a sheath (78) to enhance the structural integrity of the sheet (32). A pair of reinforcing bar assemblies (46, 48) preferably made up of welded-together horizontal and vertical bars (50, 52) are respectively positioned adjacent the side surfaces (34, 36) of the sheet (32). The bar assemblies (46, 48) are secured to sheet (32) by means of connector elements (54) extending through the sheet (32) and presenting oppositely outwardly extending, apertured segments (56, 58).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide high quality of an unit body for forming a foundation of a house, the foundation forming operation of which can be carried out within a short period without being disturbed by the climates or the temperatures, as well as with extremely precision even by highly limited number of workers who do not have high level of experienced technology, and further, the present invention can also provide the unit body, which can reduce the construction costs including the transporting costs as well as can provide a highly qualified foundation of a house having anti-earth quake characteristic and high durability thereof.

Abstract: A tower section for a wind turbine tower structure comprises at least two shell segments defining, in an assembled condition, a substantially hollow structure, and including first connecting means for mutually joining two adjacent shell segments along a joint, which comprise a column of concrete arranged overlapping at least part of the joint between adjacent shell segments. A method for building a tower section for a wind turbine tower structure and a wind turbine comprising a nacelle having rotatable blades and a vertical tower made of at least one of such tower sections are further provided.

Abstract: An insulated concrete wall includes a first form board, a second form board, a plurality of spacers, a plurality of rebar rods, a quantity of poured concrete and at least one insulation sheet. Each spacer includes at least one vertical passage for receiving a vertical rebar rod and a horizontal passage for receiving a horizontal rebar rod. The plurality of spacers are attached between the first and second form boards to create a concrete cavity. The quantity of concrete is poured into the cavity. The sheet of insulation may be attached to one or both form boards. The at least one insulated sheet may be replaced by an additional form board and the plurality of spacers. The additional form board would create an additional cavity, which would be filled with an insulation material. Alternatively, the two outer cavities may be filled with concrete and the center cavity filled with insulation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for forming a surface of a building partition having a cavity therein. The apparatus comprises an elongate support member having a first and second panel support extending substantially perpendicularly therefrom. The method comprises locating the elongate support member at a position corresponding to the surface to be formed, engaging a first panel to the front surface of the first support surface and engaging a second panel to the rear surface of the second support surface in coplanar relation to the first panel to form a first wall form. A plurality of insulated blocks may form a second form with a concrete partition to be formed between the first and second forms. The first and second panels may be removed and a facing panel secured to the second front surface of the second upright such that the concrete surface and the facing panel form a cavity therebetween.

Abstract: A wooden building element for producing planar constructions, especially for constructing the upright walls of a building. Also, a corner building element adapted to the wooden building element and to a building constructed using the elements. The wooden building elements have two approximately rectangular support bases and two wall panels that are approximately equal in area. The support bases are maintained at a distance from each other by a plurality of supports that are aligned vertically in relation to the finished building and that delimit an interior compartment for the insertion of insulating material and building installations. The wall panels are fastened to the outer surfaces of the support bases and are set off therefrom in relation to longitudinal edges that are aligned approximately horizontally to the finished building and high edges that are aligned approximately vertically.

Abstract: A web structure for connecting two foam panels comprising a pair of web inserts adapted to be molded in the foam panels. Each of the web inserts has an elongated end plate and a pair of central male connector members supported by the elongated end plate. A pair of bridges is connected to the web inserts so as to extend between the foam panels. Each of the bridges having a cross member, a first female connector member formed on one end of the cross member and a second female connector member formed on an opposing end of the cross member. The first and second female connector members each having a cavity shaped to matingly receive one of the central male connector members of the web inserts from a lateral side of the first and second female connector members.

Abstract: Disclosed is an economical and effective way of producing a modular retaining wall, using only blocks which in and of themselves are of insufficient thickness to function as retaining wall blocks. The modular wall includes backer blocks and facing blocks which are connected by connectors in a back to back, spaced apart arrangement, thereby forming a hollow retaining wall. The hollow wall can be filled with loose filler material to increase the mass and retaining capacity of the wall. Further disclosed are wall components and a wall kit for a modular retaining wall. A double sided decorative wall is also disclosed. The modular wall system allows for the construction of retaining walls and freestanding, double sided, decorative walls forming both straight and curved walls.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite wall construction including a first wall element extending in a first general plan, a second wall element extending in a second general plan parallel to the first plane and spaced from the first wall element. The first and second wall elements define a space between them and the second wall element has an inner sheet defining one side of the space. A plurality of elongate reinforcing members extend longitudinally vertically within the space and are attached to each of the first and second wall elements. Each reinforcing member is formed of sheet material and has keying formations to facilitate adhesion between the reinforcing member and a settable substance poured into the space. The first wall element has a plurality of spaced-apart vertically extending corrugations forming recesses into which the space extends.

Abstract: A wall form unit for containing a pourable, curable construction material for forming a wall section integrating said wall form unit and said construction material, comprising a first panel and a second panels spaced apart in predetermined relation thereby forming a hollow between first and second panels for defining said wall section and at least one tie assembly having a spacer member for maintaining said first and second panel in predetermined relation, in which both the first panel and second panels are rigid and adapted to retain said construction material, wherein the first panel is constructed of a thermally insulating material and the second panel is constructed of a thermally conducting material. A wall form system for forming a section of wall and wall section and method for constructing same are also defined. The invention also relates to a panel for use in forming a wall form unit and also claims a kit for constructing a wall form unit.

Abstract: A prefabricated wall panel includes molds for casting reinforced concrete (RC) elements. The prefabricated wall panel includes foam boards, foam glass panels fixed to the foam boards, fabric mesh fixed to the foam glass panels, wire mesh fixed to the fabric mesh, and an exterior wall finish fixed to the wire mesh. Spaces defined by the foam boards and the foam glass panels form the molds for casting RC columns and beams.

Abstract: A system for finishing a prefabricated wall panel includes a rack wall, three tracks, and a roller. The rack wall includes columns that can insert into molds in the prefabricated wall panel. The columns are rotatable from a vertical position to a horizontal position. Two lateral tracks each include a channel and bolts along a length of the track. The two lateral tracks are mounted to two ends of the wall rack and spaced apart about the width of the prefabricated wall panel. A top track includes bolts along a length of the track. The top track is located parallel to the wall rack at a distance about the height of the prefabricated wall panel. The roller has wheels that travel in the channels of the two lateral tracks so the roller is can roll over mortar on the surface of the prefabricated wall panel.

Abstract: An assembly for finishing an edge of an insulating concrete form wall includes at least one elongated body having two surface portions coupled together with an intermediate portion positioned between the two surface portions in a substantially parallel position. The intermediate portion is dimensioned for enclosing an end of a side panel of an insulating concrete form block and a portion of the concrete within the wall. At least one of the two parallel surface portions is dimensioned for covering a portion of the side panel proximate to the end. A plurality of retention members are positioned along the at least one elongated body. Each retention member is adapted for receiving and securing a coupling device for coupling to an internal structural support member within the concrete of the wall.

Abstract: A structure for a polyhedral building has a novel frame including a central column supporting suspended floors and roof members. The frame is adapted to receive prefabricated sandwich-type panels for both roof and walls, and these are joined securely to the frame created by this structure, resulting in a semi-monocoque structure resistant to torsion from wind and other outside forces.

Abstract: An insulating concrete form block adapted to be interlocked with other insulating concrete blocks to form an insulating concrete form for casting concrete. The insulating concrete block including a first foam panel and a second foam panel supported in a spaced apart, parallel relationship to form a concrete receiving cavity. Each of the first panel and the second panel having a top end, a bottom end, a first end, and a second end. The top end and the bottom end of each of the first and second panels having an outside row of a plurality of projections and an inside row of a plurality of projections. The projections of the outside row being spaced apart to define a plurality of recesses and the projections of the inside row being spaced apart to define a plurality of recesses with the projections of the outside row being adjacent to the recesses of the inside row and the recesses of the outside row being adjacent projections of the inside row.

Abstract: An apparatus for a concrete form of an insulated wall has opposed, spaced apart and parallel wall panels, each having an inner surface, upper edge surface and a lower edge surface. Plural retainers are secured within each of the panels at spaced apart intervals, each retainer including a connecting portion extending outwardly from the inner surface of each panel, and an anchoring portion. The anchoring portion includes a framework disposed within the panels, an upper connector extending upwardly from each panel's upper edge surface and a lower connector extending downwardly from each panel's lower edge surface. The upper and lower connectors respectively engage upper and lower connectors of the next vertically adjacent panel to securely attach the panels together. Plural cross webs extends between the panels to tie them together, the cross webs being connection to the connecting portions of opposed retainers in the panels.

Abstract: A seismic construction system for a cavity wall is disclosed. The system is shown in three exemplary applications—a masonry backup wall with ladder—or truss-type reinforcement cooperating with a snap-in wire tie; a masonry backup wall with ladder—or truss-type reinforcement with a high-span wall anchor cooperating with a low-profile, snap-in wire tie; and a drywall backup wall with internal insulation, a sheetmetal wall anchor, and snap-in wire ties. The snap-in wire ties accommodate a continuous reinforcing wire for the outer wythe, which reinforcing wire snaps into the wire housings therefor with a predetermined force. With the interconnected wall and veneer anchors and the respective reinforcing elements a seismic construct is formed.

Abstract: A load bearing wall formwork system and method are disclosed. The load bearing wall formwork system comprises a unique clip assembly for joining two or more substantially planar structures, such as a wall panel, in a spaced apart manner and providing a space there between for placement of a flowable material. The clip assembly comprises a first clip member having a first side for attachment to the wall panel, a second side and an opening positioned between the first and second sides, as well as a second clip member, engageable with the first clip member, having a first side for attachment to a second wall panel, a second side and an opening positioned between the first and second sides. The openings provided in the first and second clip members are aligned when the clip members are engaged. A connecting member is insertable into the aligned openings of the first and second clip members, connecting the first and second clip members together.

Abstract: A method of fixing overlaying components together, comprising the step of piercing nails having a profiled shank through the components to fix those components together. Structures including metal sheet are also disclosed which utilize this fixing technique. The structures include composite wall panels used in tilt up wall panel construction.

Abstract: A system of building modules that may readily be assembled into wall structures that, when filled with concrete, form an insulated, roughly-finished wall structure ready to receive both exterior and interior wall treatments. The building modules may be readily assembled by relatively untrained personnel and form walls typically having an overall R-value in the range of approximately 30. The novel building modules eliminate the need for setting traditional concrete forms and of finishing a bare concrete wall. The modules are provided in various lengths, the lengths typically being multiples of 16 inches.

Abstract: Methods are provided for repairing an existing structure to cover at least a portion of the existing structure with a repair structure. Such methods comprise mounting one or more standoff retainers to the existing structure; coupling one or more standoffs to the standoff retainers such that the standoffs extend away from the existing structure; coupling one or more cladding panels to the standoffs such that the panels are spaced apart from the structure to provide a space therebetween; and introducing a curable material to the space between the panels and the existing structure, the panels acting as at least a portion of a formwork for containing the curable material until the curable material cures to provide a repair structure cladded, at least in part, by the panels. Corresponding apparatus for effecting such methods are also provided.

Abstract: A wall construction includes two mold boards spaced from each other for forming a chamber between the mold boards, a connection rod disposed between the mold boards, two connecting members attached to the connection rod and engaged through the mold boards and engaged with the mold boards for positioning the mold boards in place relative to each other, and two bracing members attached to the outer ends of the connecting members and engaged with the mold boards for further positioning the mold boards in place relative to each other, two frame members are engaged with the mold boards and secured to the mold boards with lock members.

Abstract: The instant invention provides stay in place molds for the construction of concrete structures comprising fiber cement panels held together by a series of holding units that are fastened only to the interior surfaces of the cement panels by fastening means that are kept inside of the width of said panels. The holding units are selectively distributed at the internal surfaces of the cement panels in a series of columns separated from each other at predetermined distance. Within each column each holding unit are apart form the next one at a predetermined distance. The particular structure of the holding units, particularly its small size and its distribution pattern at the interior surface of the molds facilitates the uniform contact of the liquid cement mixture and increases the strength and resistance of the structure prepared using the molds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a block that comprises two longitudinal and vertical walls connected by hinges including two elements hinged about vertical axes. According to the invention, each of the two side walls is made of a rigid plastic material, is surrounded by a bent return oriented towards the inside, and includes, in the lower and upper longitudinal portions thereof, as well as on the vertical edge of one end thereof, respectively, a rebate oriented towards the outside, said rebate being capable, when the block is in the functional position, of covering the bent return of another block that has already been laid in order to provide a connection with said other block, independently from said block being in a same row or in an underlying row.

Abstract: A stud frame comprising a first side member (14), a second side member (16) and a plurality of sets of interconnecting members (18) extending from the first 5 side member (14) to the second side member (16). Each set includes a first interconnecting member (34) having a second end (42) connected to the second side member (16) offset longitudinally from a first end (40) thereof in a first direction, a second interconnecting member (36) having a second end (42) connected to the second side member (16) offset longitudinally from the 10 first end (40) thereof in a second opposite direction and a third interconnecting member (38) extending from the first end (40) thereof on one longitudinal side of the first side member (14) to the second end (42) thereof on an opposite longitudinal side of the second side member (16).

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for a concrete form for an insulated wall. The apparatus comprises first and second wall panels arranged in opposed spaced apart parallel relationship, each panel having an inner surface, an outer surface, an upper edge surface, a lower edge surface and end surfaces. A plurality of retainers are secured within each of said first and second panels at spaced apart intervals, each retainer including a connecting portion extending outwardly from the inner surface of each panel, and an anchoring portion. The anchoring portion includes a framework disposed within the panels, an upper connector extending upwardly from each panel's upper edge surface and a lower connector extending downwardly from each panel's lower edge surface. The upper and lower connectors are adapted to respectively engage the upper and lower connectors of the next vertically adjacent panel to securely attach the panels together.

Abstract: The invention comprises a foam insulating panel having an outer surface and a reinforcing member adhered to at least a portion of the outer surface of the foam insulating panel. An insulated concrete form and a method of using the insulated concrete form are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns the field of a lightweight building structure produced by using a mortar containing foamed polystyrene and cement and a method for the production. It includes at least one layer of prefabricated foam concrete panel (60) affixed to a reinforcing frame structure (40) interspaces between elements of the reinforcing frame structure (40) are at least partially filled with a mortar (10, 12, 14, 16) providing a first surface contacting said foam concrete panel (60), said mortar (10, 12, 14, 16) comprising granules of 0.5-10 mm size produced by grinding a pressed foamed concrete that has been allowed to mature, 50-200 kg of unbound, anhydrous cement, and 150-300 l of water added before application per 1 m3 of ground material, respectively.

Abstract: A concrete form block for construction of a building includes first and second panel devices, each having inner and outer faces separated by ribs. Projecting connectors are disposed on the inner faces and each has a pin-receiving aperture. U-shaped couplers are used to connect the two panel devices together so that their inner faces are parallel. Each connector has first and second connecting pins and these are received in the apertures of the connectors of the panel devices, with each pin being pivotable in its aperture after insertion. The panel devices can be moved from a collapsed configuration having at least a reduced space between the inner faces and an in-use configuration with more space between these faces. There is also disclosed a panel structure having upper and lower channel forming frames connected to an outer wall portion thereof. These form a channel for receiving equipment for utilities.

Abstract: A parallelepiped structure (10) comprises interleaved panels (12), each panel being moulded from concrete and being rectangular in plan and comprising a plurality of slots (22) along their top edges (16). The panels can be interleaved in order to provide the structure (10). Tongues (13) between adjacent slots (22) are supported on both sides against movement perpendicular to the plane of the panel (12) by ridges (24a,b) on the supporting panel, and so that the weakness inevitably constituted by them is mitigated. The structure (10) is suitable to accept vehicular loading, while the panels that make it up are still individually light enough to be manipulated by hand. The panels are moulded in moulds assembled from blow-or vacuum-moulded sheets placed together in a sandwich.

Abstract: A pre-engineered/prefabricated wall assembly that has inner and outer sidewall panels of rigid insulation material that acts as both thermal insulation and concrete forms. The inner and outer sidewall panels are connected by connecting rods that secures a metal stud wall frame to the interior of the wall assembly, and a metal stud wall frame to the exterior of the wall assembly. The connecting rods serve to align the inner and outer sidewall panels separate from, and parallel to, each other, thereby providing a space for rebar and concrete to form a reinforced concrete wall. The mortar-less brick/stone veneer is attached to the wall assembly by inserting an attaching rod through the outer and inner sidewall panels, and is secured with a mechanical fastener, thereby securing the mortar-less brick/stone veneer in place until the poured concrete permanently secures the mortar-less brick/stone veneer to the exterior of the wall assembly.