Abstract: A double tie includes a pair of upper and lower straps connected in parallel relationship by a pair of vertical plates attached to the outward ends of the straps. The plates are oriented orthogonally relative to the straps to form a general "T" shape. A pair of stop straps are mounted on the plates intermediate the upper and lower straps, and projecting towards one another. The stop straps have orthogonal heads spaced inwardly from the plates a distance to retain a form panel between the head and plate. Each upper and lower strap has a hinge formed at each end, the hinges at each end of the upper and lower straps being coaxial and parallel to the plates, such that the upper and lower straps may be pivoted from a position generally orthogonal to the plates, to a position generally parallel to the plates.

Abstract: A composite building system includes a special joist having a lower flange in one embodiment and a special ladder reinforcement in another embodiment, a plurality of special masonry blocks defining a longitudinal trough, the blocks having mutually co-planar upper surfaces and at least one stepped upper edge, the stepped upper edges of the plurality of blocks running substantially transverse the trough in a grid-like pattern, a network of wire lateral reinforcement disposed in at least some of the stepped edges; and a flowable or fluid grout filling the stepped edges and the trough and, when cured, binding the joist or ladder reinforcement and the plurality of blocks to form an integral steel reinforced concrete structure having a substantially planar surface.

Abstract: A strengthened masonry reinforcement device is used in construction to strengthen the courses of laid hollow block. The masonry reinforcement device is fashioned with ends and a strengthened trough. When used in the construction of a wall the masonry device with the strengthened trough will be light-weight and retain cement to bind hollow block in a lower course to hollow block of an adjacent upper course.

Abstract: A spacer for use in the wall construction for a building or the like. The wall generally comprises a plurality of blocks arranged in at least first and second layers spaced one above the other by a predetermined distance, each block having first and second sides, an exterior face, and interior face, a top and a bottom, and a pair of cutouts extending through the block between the top and bottom. The tops of adjacent blocks in each layer are adapted to be located in a common plane. According to the preferred embodiment, the spacer comprises: a base including a medial portion, first and second opposed ends and a pair of opposed edges, at least one planar body attached to the medial portion of the base along an opposed edge thereof and extending perpendicularly upwards from the base, the planar body having a first and second tabs at opposed ends and first and second V-shaped supports located at and extending transversely from the first and second opposed ends of the base, respectively.

Abstract: A building system and apparatus for forming a wall on a footing. U-shaped channels and H-shaped or T-shaped members coupled at their sides by rigid links hold foam panels in a desired spaced relationship. Vertically oriented panels aligned and connected by T-shaped members or horizontally oriented panels stacked with and connected by H-shaped members are inserted into the U-shaped channels to form a structure of the desired length. Concrete is poured between the panels and members where it hardens to form a structural wall. The planar surfaces of the U-shaped, H-shaped and T-shaped members enable the members to be extruded, thereby substantially reducing member production costs. Furthermore, widely available conventional foam panels can be used, reducing panel production costs.

Abstract: A sectional nog structure for fastening a covering element to a foamed plastic slab (5, 6, 35, 39, 49, 54) comprises at least one insert (2, 3), flush-insertable in the slab (5, 6, 35, 39, 49, 54) and associated with a tierod (4), having a base (10) accessible from the outside of the slab and constituting respective means for fastening to the slab (5, 6, 35, 39, 49, 54) the chosen covering element. Advantageously, this sectional nog structure allows to manufacture composite and modular construction elements, such as for example lost formworks and panels incorporating at least one foamed plastic slab and being able to support any covering element.

Abstract: A weep drain for a tile wall includes a dam for collecting water, moisture, or other liquids and an extrusion with a plurality of hollow cylindrical tubes for allowing the water, moisture or other liquids to drain from behind the tile wall.

Abstract: A permanent form for placing a basement concrete wall includes a percolation layer and a water-conduit channel for discharging water leakage or the like from a basement concrete wall. If the basement concrete wall is placed using the form, the percolation layer is impregnated with cement paste of concrete, whereby the form and the basement concrete wall are joined to each other. Redundant water before hardening the concrete, water leakage after hardening or the like flows into the water-conduit channel through the percolation layer, flows downward through the water-conduit channel, and is discharged from the bottom of the form. In addition, heat from the basement concrete wall is cut off by a heat insulating layer provided on the side of the interior as viewed from the water-conduit channel.

Abstract: The present modular foundation construction includes a plurality of interconnectable extruded modular forms configured to be selectively arranged and interconnected in the shape of a customized building foundation. The plurality of forms, when the shape of the customized foundation, define a series of interconnected first cavities extending around the shape for receiving poured concrete and further include a series of second cavities extending along the first cavities filled with insulation to form a substantially continuous insulative layer around the shape. Male and female connectors on the end wall sections of the forms provide a secure interconnection.

Abstract: An improved structural framing system and associated method for constructing same wherein a specially configured dissymetric steel beam is horizontally disposed and supported between adjacent vertical columns erected on conventional foundations. The dissymetric beam is fabricated having a compressed, block-like top flange formed opposite a substantially flattened bottom flange and integrally connected thereto by an intermediate web. Standard hollow core sections of precast, prestressed concrete plank spanning perpendicular to the dissymetric beam are disposed on either side of the beam and together assembled thereto so that the web of the beam is disposed centrally between facing edges of the plank sections with the bottom flange of the beam supporting the lower surface of the plank and the top flange substantially aligned with the upper plank surface.

Abstract: A modular construction system (10) which is directed toward the construction of structural walls (26). The construction system (10) employs precast wall units (12) and a variety of spacer/tensioning, spacer, tensioning, and extension assemblies (14, 16, 18, and 20). The wall units (12) contain a plurality of cavities (44) and are made of concrete with side walls (36) reinforced with prestressed tension wires (48). In the process of constructing a wall (26), the wall units (12) are stacked one upon the other onto threaded wall bars (24) that extend upwardly from a foundation (22). The spacer/tensioning assembly (14) and the spacer assembly (16) provide alignment during the stacking process and also create mortar joints (52). The spacer/tensioning assembly (14) and the tensioning assembly (18) are utilized in conjunction with the wall bars (24) to tension the wall units (12) onto lower wall units (12) and the foundation (22).

Abstract: Adjacent reinforced, preformed wall panels are joined to one another by a wet-knit joint. The confronting edges of the wall panels are formed to have an undulating pattern of alternating convex, concave segments having ends of reinforcement bars extending from the concave segments. The reinforcement bar ends are connected to an arrangement of elongate bars and a zig-zag reinforcement bar, that knits the wall panels together. The wet-knit joint is completed by the introduction of concrete, or other pourable material, that, when cured, creates a strong connection between the wall panels.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling two cement board stay-in-place form panels for aking concrete-filled walls that is cost-effective and forms a uniform precise composite wall construction. The assembly includes a coextensive corrugated spacer panel between the form panels for maintaining a uniform distance there between. The forms and spacer panels are secured in place with a notched tie rod that penetrates the spacer and both wall panels, this assembly allows for rapid form installation. The spacer panel has two embodiments, viz. i) a preformed rigid corrugated panel and ii) a flattened unassembled panel with precut fold lines that are folded at the building site and then secured with a dowel-rod bracing component. The apparatus preferably uses fiber-glass-reinforced cement board for the stay-in-place forms. The final composite wall construction typically is made up of 4 feet wide by 8 feet high by 6.5-inch thick composite wall sections.

Abstract: A permanent form for placing a basement concrete wall includes a percolation layer and a water-conduit channel for discharging water leakage or the like from a basement concrete wall. If the basement concrete wall is placed using the form, the percolation layer is impregnated with cement paste of concrete, whereby the form and the basement concrete wall are joined to each other. Redundant water before hardening the concrete, water leakage after hardening or the like flows into the water-conduit channel through the percolation layer, flows downward through the water-conduit channel, and is discharged from the bottom of the form. In addition, heat from the basement concrete wall is cut off by a heat insulating layer provided on the side of the interior as viewed from the water-conduit channel.

Abstract: A device and apparatus for aligning exterior faces of tiles of irregular thickness in which elongated alignment grooves are formed in edges of the tiles spaced apart from the exterior faces by a constant setback distance and a front tongue of a spacer shaped like an extruded cross is inserted into the groove in a first tile and then the corresponding groove in a second tile is mounted over the projecting rear tongue. The upper and lower tabs of the spacer define the separation between adjacent tiles and the front and rear tongues maintain the exterior faces of the tiles in alignment.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for forming a wall on a footing. U-shaped and H-shaped channels coupled at their sides by rigid links hold foam panels in a desired spaced relationship. The channels and panels are stacked to a desired height, and concrete is poured between the channels and panels where it hardens to form a structural wall. The planar surfaces of the U-shaped and H-shaped channels enable the channels to be extruded, thereby substantially reducing channel production costs. Furthermore, widely available conventional foam panels are used, reducing panel production costs.

Abstract: A masonry reinforcement device is used in construction to strengthen the courses of laid hollow block. The masonry reinforcement device is fashioned with ends and a trough. In use, the trough will retain cement which will bind hollow block in a lower course to hollow block of an adjacent upper course.

Abstract: A spacer for use in forming a wall of glass blocks which includes a pair of parallel elongated first arms, a pair of parallel elongated second arms, with each of the second arms being perpendicular to a corresponding one of the first arms so as to form a pair of spaced apart crossed arms. An elongated connecting bar interconnects to the crossed arms a plate positioned parallel to each of said crossed arms. A frangible coupling affixes each of the plates to a corresponding one of the crossed arms and an elongated vane element extends out from and across the plates and passes through a notional line through a center of each of the frangible couplings so that a user may grip and twist the vane element so as to impart a torque about the notional line which shears an associated frangible coupling at its joint with an associated one of the crossed arms without imparting any translational force to the spacer.

Abstract: Horizontal and vertical reinforcement devices adapted to be utilized in the construction of a wall or panel using blocks, such devices being used in conjunction with an adhesive compound, such as mortar, in order to bring about consistent spacing and alignment of such blocks with respect to each other in the formation of the masonry structure. The reinforcement devices comprise a plurality of elongate reinforcement members to be utilized in a generally horizontal attitude in conjunction with such blocks, and a plurality of elongate reinforcement members to be utilized in a generally vertical attitude in conjunction with such blocks. Each of the horizontal reinforcement members is constituted by a pair of longitudinal components of uniform thickness, held in a consistently spaced, parallel array, with the longitudinal components of the horizontal reinforcement members representing less width than the dimension of the recessed side surfaces of the blocks.

Abstract: A wasted spacer member for spacing construction blocks in a wall formed therefrom, and particularly suited for glass bricks, comprising a pair of parallel cross-shaped or T-shaped positioning elements joined by a length adjustable connecting element including a pair of overlapping elongate connecting bars formed on the inner sides of respective positioning elements and extending perpendicularly therefrom. Each connecting bar has parallel inner and outer sides aligned parallel with a vertical direction, with the inner sides of each connecting bar being mutually abutting along the outer portions thereof. A set of aperture holes are formed at predetermined positions along a first connecting bar, and a cooperating pair of correspondingly spaced, protruding securing buttons are formed along a second connecting bar.

Abstract: A planar leveling device includes first and second elongated, substantially rigid support members. Each member is more than about a foot in length. The first and second support members define the plane of the device and have a uniform, equal maximum heights in directions perpendicular to the plane. The members also define the maximum height of the device in those directions. Each of the two support members provides a thin edge along a planar side of the device to provide full, continuous support yet minimize the contact between the device and adjoining masonry elements. Reinforcement members may be provided on one or both sides of the support members, in the plane of the device, for greater strength and versatility. Substantially solid, unbroken sides of the support members permit the compression of mortar into the joint formed by the device between parallel adjoining courses of masonry elements in a wall.

Abstract: A spacer member for maintaining substantially uniform joint spacing between construction elements during construction of a static structure comprising a plurality of construction elements bound to one another by curable matrix material. The spacer member remains embedded in and covered by the matrix material and permits the matrix material to be placed in and completely fill all construction joints between the construction elements in a single application. The spacer member includes structure located interiorly of the planes of the exposed faces of the construction elements for positively establishing and maintaining a desired position of the spacer member during construction of the structure.

Abstract: Brick building components made by splitting a whole brick having suitable slots, the split bricks being provided with slots into which reinforcement means can be fitted. A greatly increased tensile strength, both vertically and horizontally, is obtained, providing sufficient strength for manufacturing transportable, prefabricated components.

Abstract: A masonry structure reinforcing and confinement apparatus is disclosed for enhancing the structural integrity under stress of masonry structures formed of a plurality of stacked masonry units. The apparatus includes a plurality of interconnected reinforcing members and is positionable between adjacent surfaces of tiers, or courses, of masonry units so that some members extend between the opposite walls of the masonry units with selected portions of the apparatus being secured in the horizontal mortar joint thereat.

Abstract: A mold board construction includes a body made of concrete and a number of steel wires embedded in the body. A number of grooves are formed in the surfaces of the body so that a number of protrusions are formed on the body, and a number of holes are formed in the body so that the body can be fixed to the strips. A number of mold board constructions form a hollow space for receiving an amount of concrete so that an object is formed. The mold board constructions form part of the object.

Abstract: A mortarless wall assembly and method for constructing the wall assembly, the wall assembly comprising a plurality of building blocks, each of the building blocks including a pair of parallel sidewalls interconnected by a web, and a plurality of slots, the building blocks being specially adapted to receive reinforcing rods, pipe, conduit, and the like, and a plurality of restraining members specially adapted to be fitted into the building blocks to prevent relative horizontal movement of the building blocks with respect to one another and to ensure proper alignment of the building blocks in the wall assembly, the restraining members including portions adapted to be housed in the slots in the building blocks.The building blocks, when assembled in the wall, being designed to receive poured concrete to form a solid, voidless wall, the wall including paths for concrete flow so that adjacent building blocks are joined to each other by concrete.

Abstract: A polymer building or other structured wall form construction wherein forms prefabricated of polymer, such as polystyrene, are assembled together, spaced apart by integrally connecting polymer or blocks, spacers, or spool means, erected upon a foundation footing, or other base structure, through their insertion of L-shaped ties, with the wall forms being erected to the height desired for the subject building or other structure, whether it be a commercial, industrial, or residential building, through the application of tee-shaped ties therebetween, Reinforcement is located in the spacing between the blocks or spacers, of the wall forms, and concrete may be poured therein, either at the job site, where the building is being constructed, or at the manufacturing plant, where the wall forms are formed, in order to provide a latticework of reinforced concrete for the composite wall.

Abstract: A framework assembly that consists of a multiplicity of vertical and horizontal frame members that are interconnected in a locking arrangement to provide a plurality of sealed compartments that are formed within a peripheral framework wherein glass blocks are readily mounted to define a glass-block wall structure held together by the frame members without the need for cement grout.

Abstract: An alignment and lateral support member for use in laying common concrete blocks. The support member comprises an elongate body piece of rigid material having a length which is greater than the width of concrete blocks with which the support member is to be used. A first appendage extends from a first face of the body piece. The first appendage has a stop surface extending substantially perpendicular to the first face of the body piece, with the stop surface of the first appendage being positioned a distance from the first end of the body piece so that when the stop surface of the first appendage engages an outer surface of the sidewall of a first concrete block, with the first face of the body piece lying adjacent to the first block, the body piece spans from one sidewall of the first block to the other sidewall of the first block. A second appendage extends from a second face of the body piece.

Abstract: A veneer wall consisting of a plurality of masonry units held together by conventional vertical and horizontal mortar joints. A plurality of straight horizontal tie members with opposite ends and a center portion have one end thereof embedded in one of the mortar joints to cause the tie members to extend horizontally outwardly with respect to the veneer wall. Insulation panels having inner and outer sides extend in spaced parallel relation to the veneer wall with the panels being secured to the outer ends of the tie members. A solid poured-in-place concrete wall fills the space between the insulation panels and the veneer wall and embed the tie members. A rigid stud wall of conventional constructions is imposed on the outer side of the insulation panel.

Abstract: The spacer for the construction of walls from superimposed blocks which have at least one opening on their horizontal sides is provided with a supporting member consisting of four spacing members which are radially symmetrically attached to a holding ring and which are located outside the opening of the block when laid, and with centering means consisting of centering tabs attached to the holding ring. In the case of the spacer for the construction of dry walls, the spacing members are attached to a connecting ring which is linked to the holding ring, the two rings together having a T-shaped cross-section. The centering tabs are each provided with a reinforcement tab extending inwards, which has a T-shaped cross-section together with the centering tab.Such a spacer enables a safe, motionless and torsionally stiff support of the wall blocks and is well suited for mass production.

Abstract: Architectural glass block walls or panels are constructed by assembling a plurality of blocks using connectors which provide securement and uniform spacing of the blocks in a width and height direction. Each connector comprises a pair of rigid, elongated members each having a pair of spaced, planar opposite surfaces, and a laterally centered longitudinal groove in each surface. Each member is joined to the other member and each connector is disposed at an intersection of the corners of and in abutment with a plurality of blocks with each longitudinal groove engaging a ridge which extends around the circumference of each block. The connectors can be secured to the blocks with an adhesive compound, e.g., a curable silicone caulking composition, and the spaces between the blocks can be filled with mortar, grout or caulking material to seal the wall or panel and embed and conceal the connectors in the mortar.

Abstract: A brick panel wall construction is disclosed including a backing board for a brick panel which is formed of extruded plastic foam for moisture resistance and insulating. The wall construction includes a plurality of brick panels having plastic foam backing boards and a plurality of panel clips which support the backing board against the supporting structure and, when mortar is applied and cured, support the bricks which are secured to the backing boards. Each panel clip is attached at two locations, one to the backing board and the second through the backing board into the supporting structure. Further, legs extend outwardly from the panel clips into the mortar joints to provide a direct mechanical connection between the bricks mounted on the backing board and the supporting structure. These legs have retaining lips configured to create a wedge like action to provide additional support.

Abstract: A lightweight, pre-cast, reinforced, module used to build a structurally engineered retaining wall system. Each module has a panel with a front and rear surface with at least one horizontal reinforcing rod. In the preferred embodiment, a portion of each rod horizontal transverse an integrally attached flange located at each opposite end of the panel. On the outside surface of each flange, there is a recess across which a portion of each reinforcing rod is exposed to be subsequently surrounded by concrete of a poured-in-place reinforced column. A horizontal row of adjacent modules is positioned on a constructed, reinforced footing. The front surface of each module is exposed and each flange is positioned opposite to a flange located on an adjacent module with a column space created between opposite flanges. Alignment elements are attached to the upper surface of each flange and successive horizontal rows of modules are then positioned above until the desired height is achieved.

Abstract: A spacer and fabric mesh reinforcement member for use in laying of glass blocks to form unique wall structure is disclosed. The spacer and fabric mesh member takes the form of an elongate slab having two strips of fabric mesh attached to the respective upper and lower surfaces of the slab. One of the strips of fabric mesh extends outwardly from the first end of the slab adjacent to the upper surface of the slab, and the second strip of fabric mesh extends outwardly from the second end of the slab adjacent to the lower surface of the slab. When the spacer and fabric mesh members are embedded in the lateral joints between courses of blocks, the members are positioned end-to-end, and the extending ends of the strip of fabric mesh cover the butts between the members.

Abstract: A one-piece guide adapted to be inserted into mortar, between recessed surfaces presented by opposing faces of adjacent glass blocks, to space and align them with respect in each other in the formation of a masonry structure. The guide comprises a relatively thin frame including longitudinal and transverse arms having joined to their free ends bodies that are spaced transversely from said each other a distance only slightly less than the width of said recessed face surfaces.

Abstract: Architectural glass block walls or panels are constructed by assembling a plurality of blocks using connectors which provide securement and uniform spacing of the blocks in a width and height direction. Each connector comprises a pair of rigid, elongated members each having a pair of spaced, planar opposite surfaces, and a laterally centered longitudinal groove in each surface. Each member is joined to the other member and each connector is disposed at an intersection of the corners of and in abutment with a plurality of blocks with each longitudinal groove engaging a ridge which extends around the circumference of each block. The connectors can be secured to the blocks with an adhesive compound, e.g., a curable silicone caulking composition, and the space between the blocks can be filled with mortar, grout or caulking material to seal the wall or panel and embed and conceal the connectors in the mortar.

Abstract: A structure is provided for placing a brick facing on a supporting structure. The arrangement comprises formed sheets which are each provided with parallel channels into which the facing bricks can be placed. The formed sheets are provided with interlocking edges and are moreover provided with linear arrays of holes covered by tape which has two adhesive faces. One of the faces is exposed in the associated channel. The other face is forced through the associated holes to engage with and adhere with the supporting structure. The bricks are placed into the channels and adhere to the tape. Each channel may be provided with a sub-channel which both strengthens the associated sheet and which morever provides a portion of the channel into which the aforesaid tape may be placed.

Abstract: A transportable brick panel consisting of a top reinforced concrete beam, a bottom reinforced concrete beam, brickwork consisting of a plurality of courses of bricks with mortar filled joints extending between said beams and including door or window openings where required, aligned holes passing through some at least of the columns of bricks, reinforcing bars passing through said holes and extending between and being connected with the beams, and a damp course and sealing means on each reinforcing bar where said bar passes through said damp course for preventing passage of moisture along said reinforcing bar. A method of making a transportable brick panel as also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of building or repairing refractory brickwork structures that are subjected to local differences in thermal expansion. The brickwork joints are made with a suitable sintering refractory mortar and in most or all of the joints there is also provided a synthetic material layer that changes into gaseous products when heated, without leaving any substantial solid residue and without reacting chemically with the refractory structure. The volume of the layers is not more than 95% of the thermal expansion of the brickwork adjacent the joints during heating up to working temperatures, so that the joints are left in compression to ensure gas tightness.

Abstract: An insulated wall construction is formed of a pair of parallel, spaced apart foam plastic sheets and a poured-in-place concrete core filling the space between the sheets. The sheets are each formed of numerous smaller panels which are interconnected edge to edge to form their respective sheets. The sheets are secured together, before the concrete is poured, by means of numerous metal tie members. Each tie member is formed of a pair of parallel, elongated, thin, rigid sheet metal plates which are interconnected by thin, narrow, elongated sheet metal strips whose opposite ends are connected to the respective plates and with the strips being twisted along their lengths. Each of the plates are inserted within aligned edge pockets formed in the abutting edges of adjacent panels which assists in aligning and interconnecting the panels. The plates carry tooth-like clips which embed within the pocket walls to hold the panels from moving, due to hydrostatic forces, during the concrete pouring.

Abstract: A structural cinderblock which has been split into two pieces which are held together by special initial channels which limit heat transmission; with insulating material centered in the block cavities and laid over grating to prevent heat loss due to convection.

Abstract: In the case of a large-panel component for buildings--which comprises at least two strip-shaped, juxtaposed panel elements made of light-weight concrete, said panel elements being provided with cavities which cross each other in the plane of the wall and with at least one semi-cavity which is provided on at least one end face and connection side, respectively, and said cavities forming a network and being adapted to be filled with cast concrete--the semi-panels defining the panel elements are provided with at least one semi-cavity, which extends in the longitudinal direction of said semi-panels, and with quarter-cavities, which extend parallel to said semi-cavity, both type of cavities being provided on the end faces and connection sides, respectively, of said semi-panels, and several semi-panels being interconnected, e.g.

Abstract: A connector guide system for the constructing of block walls (12) is disclosed. The blocks (14) are uniformly notched (20,22,24,26) to allow for the placement of connector guides (16). The guides include platforms (18) upon which the blocks (14) rest. Based on constant placement of notches (20,22,24,26) and connector guides (16), the wall (12) is constructed to allow for uniform mortaring.

Abstract: A masonry construction device useful for uniformly spacing adjacent masonry elements, for reinforcing the elements, and for tying the elements to an adjacent structure, comprises a pair of spaced sawtooth shaped members having a plurality of bearing surfaces for engaging the adjacent masonry elements, and a bridging member connected between the sawtooth shaped members such that the device has a substantially U-shaped configuration.

Abstract: Building walls are leakproofed by cutting a horizontal slot through the wall, and inserting therein load-bearing elements of grid-like form made of a synthetic resin, with relatively harder balls at the intersections of the grid, these balls being disposed in load-bearing relationship between the wall sections and projecting above and below the grid. The openwork around the grid and the balls is filled with an injected insulating and setting agent in the form of a synthetic mortar.

Abstract: A block of concrete or the like for use in constructing a mortarless wall is provided which includes a spaced parallel pair of upright sidewalls having flat bottoms and tops and bearing integral block interlocking connectors on their opposite ends. The sidewalls are integrally connected to one or more transverse webs extending from the bottom of the sidewalls to above the tops thereof. Parallel slits may divide the upper end of the web into knock-off portions for installation of reinforcing bars. Each web has a central concavity in the upper end of at least one opposite side thereof, which concavity slope down into a complimentary central bottom convexity. The web tapers in thickness from bottom to top. The concavity and convexity can be triangular, dish-shaped, rectangular, etc. The webs define cells in the block when a number of the blocks are vertically stacked in staggered array to form a wall.

Abstract: A brick panel wall construction is disclosed including a backing board for a brick panel which is formed of extruded plastic foam for moisture resistance and insulation. The wall construction includes a plurality of brick panels having plastic foam backing boards and a plurality of load bearing clip members that support the bricks which are secured to the backing boards. The load bearing clip members are sandwiched within the tongue and groove joints between adjacent upper and lower brick panels. Each load bearing member includes a protruding terminal lip that extends into the joint area between the bricks of adjacent panels. Mortar is packed or tuck pointed into the joint area to cover the protruding lips of the load bearing clips, and the clips become the support for the bricks that are secured to the plastic foam backing boards.

Abstract: A masonry wall is formed of a plurality of masonry blocks, i.e., bricks, with mortar, therebetween and in which spacing of the bricks from each other, both vertically and horizontally, is dictated by plastic spacer elements. The spacer element includes a plurality of connecting struts joined together in a common plane or in planes which are perpendicular to each other. Spacer fingers or protrusions protrude in opposite directions from the struts so as to contact the adjacent surfaces of the blocks and dictate the spacing of one block from the next, accordingly. The spacer elements remain embedded in the mortar.

Abstract: A spacer for bricks of a facing brickwork placed in front of an inner brickwork, whereby the spacer can be universally used and at the end of the bricklaying work can be removed from the mortar joints of the front of the wall, so that it does not constitute a disposable part and can be reused. Such a spacer includes a unitary body having two contact surfaces in a common plane and below the contact surfaces nominal width stops in two parallel planes perpendicular to the contact surfaces and nominal depth stops are located in two further parallel planes perpendicular both to the plane of the contact surfaces and to the planes of the nominal width stops for adjacent bricks, with the distance between the planes corresponding to the nominal depth of the distance between the facing brickwork and the inner brickwork. The nominal depth stops extending between two adjacent bricks of the facing brickwork on the one hand and the inner brickwork to be faced on the other.