With Traversing Passage Patents (Class 52/606)
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Patent number: 5279082Abstract: A molded base element includes a base element body having a substantially rhomboid longitudinal sectional shape and formed of two side walls intersecting one another along a longitudinal direction. Each of the side walls extends between longitudinally spaced cut surfaces and has a base surface adjacent a free end thereof opposite the intersection of the side walls. Slots or holes can be formed at the flattened surface at the line of intersection. Alternatively, grooves can be formed on the inner or end surfaces of the walls.Type: GrantFiled: August 23, 1991Date of Patent: January 18, 1994Inventor: Winfried E. Scholta
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Patent number: 5257880Abstract: In general, a block and retaining wall formed by a number of such blocks are interconnected between courses by a plurality of Z-shaped anchor elements having an upper and lower body part of substantially rectangular cross-section as viewed in plan. The upper body part is offset from the lower body part. The offset of one course of blocks relative to the course beneath will be a predetermined fixed amount determined by the offset of the body parts of the interlocking Z-shaped anchor elements. A tie-back arrangement includes means for attaching a sheet of geo-synthetic material to the embedded end of a block so as to leave the open cells within and those formed between the blocks unobstructed from above and available for filling with pea gravel or other drainage fill material.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1991Date of Patent: November 2, 1993Assignee: Graystone Block Co.Inventor: Peter Janopaul, Jr.
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Patent number: 5248226Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in retaining wall structures derived from a plurality of like structural blocks stacked end-to-end one upon the other in generally horizontally axially extending courses in overlapped wall defining relation. The blocks have a body portion with an axis terminating in opposed end surfaces, and are bounded by front and rear facings and by generally parallel upper and lower surfaces, with the upper and lower surfaces including therewithin respective opposed axially extending recess formations. More particularly, this invention relates to a connector for selectively positioning and interlocking against transverse displacement the blocks used in constructing the retaining wall structure.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1992Date of Patent: September 28, 1993Assignee: Rothbury Investments LimitedInventors: Angelo Risi, Antonio Risi
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Patent number: 5233806Abstract: An articulating stone edging construction for bordering flower beds, sidewalks, driveways and the like, which construction includes top and bottom layers of ornamental stones joined in staggered, articulating relationship to assume any desired configuration. In a preferred embodiment the bottom stones are fitted with a pair of spaced openings and a centrally located, downwardly-extending anchor pin for securing the stone edging in a selected position. The top stones are provided with spaced, downwardly-extending tie wires which project through the openings in the bottom stones and are twisted around the anchor pins to secure the top stones to the bottom stones in articulating relationship.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1991Date of Patent: August 10, 1993Inventors: Keith P. Hightower, Thomas S. Pernici
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Patent number: 5230194Abstract: A construction block includes two sides connected by webs that are sized and spaced to define uniform center-to-center distances when a plurality of blocks are interconnected. The block includes webs that are offset by a specific distance both from the ends of the block and from the top and bottom edges of that block. The spacing and sizing is selected to accommodate standard lumber sizes, including 2.times.4, 2.times.6 and 2.times.8 inches. Right and left corner blocks are also disclosed and can be used in conjunction with the block to form a building wall. A cap is also disclosed. All blocks can be interconnected to superadjacent and subadjacent blocks by a special double shoulder rabbet joint connection.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 1991Date of Patent: July 27, 1993Inventor: William L. McClure
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Patent number: 5214897Abstract: A concrete building block encapsulating a compacted bundle of tires is provided as a permanent environmentally safe container for used automobile tires. The cube of concrete with the tires in it forms an economically attractive light-weight building block that can be used for building fences, walls and other structures and/or disposed of in an efficient environmentally safe fashion to permanently encapsulate the tires and prevent contamination of the environment. A tapered central hole is provided in the block for material handling purposes and interlocking tapered recesses and pucks are provided for aligning multiple layers of blocks when used as a building material. Various sizes and shapes of blocks are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 26, 1991Date of Patent: June 1, 1993Inventor: Henry T. Nordberg
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Patent number: 5214898Abstract: The block has a cambered front radiused to tapering side walls. The side walls have, in the portion radiused to the front, mutually opposite insertion-coupling members and seats for accommodating the insertion-coupling members of an adjacent block. The block furthermore has, at an upper part thereof, an abutment for engagement with a supporting element defined on a lower part at the front of an adjacent block.Type: GrantFiled: August 5, 1991Date of Patent: June 1, 1993Assignee: RDB Plastotecnica S.p.A.Inventor: Mario Beretta
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Patent number: 5193318Abstract: Disclosed are embodiments of structural acoustical cinder blocks including blocks which are intended to be assembled together through the use of mortar to provide a diffusor of desired shape and configuration. Each diffusor includes a plurality of wells, the depths of which are determined through the use of number theory sequences, such as, for example, the quadratic-residue sequence developed by Karl Frederick Gauss. The surface irregularities formed in the blocks are unique in that they provide a flat power spectrum and constant scattered energy in the diffraction directions. Each of the blocks also includes a low frequency sound absorbing chamber. As the blocks are installed, a structural stacked bond is formed on both the diffusor face and the rear structural face. If desired, a single block may be made which includes an entire sequence of wells and dividers.Type: GrantFiled: October 23, 1991Date of Patent: March 16, 1993Assignee: RPG Diffusor Systems, Inc.Inventors: Peter D'Antonio, John H. Konnert
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Patent number: 5191744Abstract: The invention provides a construction element having a front face (1), a back face (2), a top face (3), a bottom face (4) and end faces (5) and (6). Each of the top (3), bottom (4) and end faces (5) and (6) contains a channel (7) having side walls (8) joined by a base (9) and arranged so as to surround the periphery of the construction element. An aperture (12) is formed between the top face (3) and bottom face (4). The aperture (12) is hexagonal in cross-section. In each channel (7), each side wall (8) forms an angle of 120 degrees with the base of channel (7).Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 1991Date of Patent: March 9, 1993Inventor: Keith D. Bowes
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Patent number: 5177924Abstract: A building kit including lightweight, extruded components made of environmentally acceptable, i.e., organic and mineral, materials. The lightweight components are made of: a) untreated chopped straw, grain chaff, rice husks, rock fibers and/or glass fibers, b) binders, namely cement, lime and/or gypsum, and c) mineral additives. The components include air chambers and reinforcing members and are connected using I-beams, adhesives, nails, etc.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1992Date of Patent: January 12, 1993Inventor: Stefan Kakuk
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Patent number: 5161918Abstract: A mortarless concrete block retaining wall is formed from special blocks arranged in set-back tiers and interlocked by special offset pins. Each block is trapezoidal in plan view with a pair of vertical holes behind a relatively wide front face. The holes in adjacent tiers are laterally offset. The pins have opposite end sections which are laterally offset from one another and fit respectively in the offset holes to interlock adjacent tiers in set-back relation. The special pins are rotatably adjustable to interlock the tiers in a straight configuration or in varying degrees of convex and concave curved configurations.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1991Date of Patent: November 10, 1992Assignee: Wedgerock CorporationInventor: Gerald W. Hodel
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Patent number: 5159801Abstract: A building brick includes a through-extending bore of a trapezoidal cross-sectional configuration to ease removal of a building brick from a mold during fabrication. The central bore permits the stacking of the building bricks to include the bottom wall in downward orientation to accommodate a greater quantity of mortar at the base portion thereof for a stable mortar configuration in use. A further embodiment of the invention includes the bottom wall of a concave configuration to assist in the positioning of mortar between adjacent building bricks, as well as a further embodiment including a forward wall flange extending downwardly relative to the concave surface and a second end wall flange to assist in the positioning of mortar between adjacent bricks to secure the mortar in a semi-solid state.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1991Date of Patent: November 3, 1992Inventor: Karl Schmidt
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Patent number: 5115614Abstract: A composite cored masonry unit with a moisture collection void that has a waterproof material that coats the surface of the portion of said unit adjacent to said void with the masonry unit having a base with a sloped top surface and flat bottom surface and with a weep hole located so as to drain moisture from the moisture collection void.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1991Date of Patent: May 26, 1992Inventor: David S. McGrath
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Patent number: 5103616Abstract: A concrete building block encapsulating a compacted bundle of tires is provided as a permanent environmentally safe container for used automobile tires. The cube of concrete with the tires in it forms an economically attractive light-weight building block that can be used for building fences, walls and other structures and/or disposed of in an efficient environmentally safe fashion to permanently encapsulate the tires and prevent contamination of the environment. A tapered central hole is provided in the block for material handling purposes and interlocking tapered recesses and pucks are provided for aligning multiple layers of blocks when used as a building material. Various sizes and shapes of blocks are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 1991Date of Patent: April 14, 1992Inventor: Henry T. Nordberg
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Patent number: 5087150Abstract: A weighed water permeable fabric is laid over a bottom sediment and an adjacent seawall structure. A layer of integral paired star-shaped blocks is laid over the bottom covering fabric in an interrelated pattern in a horizontal and vertical plane. A bore is located within each star-shaped portion of the block and these bores are aligned with corresponding bores in blocks mounted vertically. A concrete piling is drilled or poured in place through the bores to the bottom sediment to hold the structure in place against severe storm surges and resist outward movement of the seawall.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 1990Date of Patent: February 11, 1992Inventor: Donald R. McCreary
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Patent number: 5087361Abstract: Apparatus for setting in position and securing, on the floor of a filter, members providing for fluid to flow through the floor. The apparatus consists of a support arranged so as to receive the member, such as a nozzle or equivalent, introduced inside a housing created in shuttering used for making the filter floor. The housing and the support are configured to removably secure mechanically, for example by a snap-in action, the support in its housing.Type: GrantFiled: January 2, 1990Date of Patent: February 11, 1992Assignee: DegremontInventors: Marie-Pierre Gaudin, Marc Gilet, Alain Motte
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Patent number: 5065560Abstract: Forms for covering inspection holes or openings in concrete block wall construction in which the forms are of a size to seal the openings and are installed within such openings interiorly of the front face of the concrete blocks. In the preferred embodiments the forms are transparent to provide visual inspection of steel reinforcement and concrete or grout filling of the cores of the concrete blocks.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1990Date of Patent: November 19, 1991Inventor: Eli J. Yoder
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Patent number: 5063723Abstract: A concrete construction block having at least one or more hollow cores or open cells and wherein an opening is molded between one cell and the outer face of the block and which opening is defined by edges having opposing outermost flanges which function to retain an inspection window seated within the core therebetween.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1990Date of Patent: November 12, 1991Inventor: Eli J. Yoder
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Patent number: 5048250Abstract: A relatively simple, inexpensive building block for use in self-supporting walls includes a rectangular parallelepipedic body formed of a mixture of three parts by weight cement to two parts by weight wood fiber. Vertically extending grooves and in some cases cylindrical holes are provided in the blocks for defining vertical passages extending the height of the wall for receiving reinforcing rods and/or concrete for strengthening the wall.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 1990Date of Patent: September 17, 1991Inventor: Anthony J. P. Elias
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Patent number: 5010707Abstract: A retaining wall is described using multiple pre-cast concrete block modules positioned in stacked horizontal rows with multiple vertical concrete columns which interlock each horizontal row. Each block, which is designed and manufactured to interlock with other like modules, includes a body having at least one vertical side, a leg connecting means attached to a vertical side, and a central passageway. In the preferred embodiment, a leg is attached to and extends laterally from the body with a compatible connecting means formed on the end surface of the leg which interconnects with a leg connecting means located on the body. An alignment means may be formed on the top and bottom surface of the body and used to align stacked block modules. During the wall's assembly, the modules are positioned side-by-side and interconnected in a horizontal row either on the ground or on a pre-constructed continuous concrete footing. End or corner block modules are used when desired.Type: GrantFiled: August 21, 1989Date of Patent: April 30, 1991Inventors: Ned Nelson, William H. Duesenberg
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Patent number: 4982544Abstract: A monolithic sealing load-bearing retaining wall is constructed using precast concrete bin-type modules stacked in rows. Each module has a front wall, a partition wall spaced from the front wall, at least two spaced apart front connecting walls extending between the front wall and the partition wall, at least two spaced apart rear connecting walls extending from the rear of the partition wall, and stabilizing means extending between the rear connecting walls. The partition wall preferably is formed integrally with the front connecting walls, which provide openings for horizontally extending reinforcing members in each row of modules. The front walls and partition walls of the stacked modules serve as forms for concrete poured in the spaces between them.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 1988Date of Patent: January 8, 1991Assignee: Pomico International, Inc.Inventor: Peter J. Smith
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Patent number: 4974666Abstract: In a refractory brick assembly for a heat regenerator, a plurality of brick units are assembled so as to form many long vertical gas flow passages. Each outer wall of the brick units has four corner portions each of which has a plurality of convex and concave strips. That can engage with each other so as to hold the brick units due to the friction between them. A high projection is formed on at least one of the inner and outer walls for producing a turbulent flow.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1989Date of Patent: December 4, 1990Assignee: Toshiba Monofrax Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kimio Hirata, Yasuo Saito, Masaki Takemoto
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Patent number: 4965979Abstract: A concrete block wall that has blocks with arcuate faces that are laid in alternating courses to form a woven effect. The blocks are laid without mortar and held together by a combination of recesses and protrusions in the upper and lower faces thereof along with a locking piece that engages the radiused end walls of adjacent blocks.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1989Date of Patent: October 30, 1990Inventors: Ronald J. Larrivee, John D. Downs
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Patent number: 4964761Abstract: Dry-mounted construction elements, each of the type constituted by a bottomless container comprising vertical partitions, a first vertical partition, parallel to the front wall of the container, delimiting a large front space (5), which serves as a flower pot and at least one rear space (6) which serves as a root cavity for the upper container and which is offset rearwardly from the lower container, this latter space (6) being divided in at least two smaller spaces (7, 8) by a second vertical partition (4) perpendicular to the front wall and to the first partition. The construction element has a rear portion which has a notch (10) disposed on each upper side edge of the container, and two small cavities or spaces (14, 15) behind the notches. A wall built of these elements is useful as a retaining wall, flower box, or noise barrier.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1989Date of Patent: October 23, 1990Inventor: Jean-Louis Rossi
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Patent number: 4958964Abstract: A semirigid floating pavement formed out of masses of reinforced concrete molded pieces, disposed side by side to form as wide a surface as needed. Each piece has a regular polygon plane with a flat top surface and an inner recess connected with the surface by means of a perforation and opening at its base. This base has the surface inclined toward the geometric center. Pieces are bedded onto a layer of sand. The inner recess is occupied with a mass of sand injected through the perforation which connects with the upper part, which perforation is closed up with an elastic cap or stopper. A channel is disposed around each piece in which is housed a joint acting as union and support between adjacent pieces.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 1988Date of Patent: September 25, 1990Inventors: Javier B. Soto, Domingo F. Llamas
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Patent number: 4956958Abstract: An autofitting building block has two opposing side surfaces, two opposing end surfaces, a top surface and a bottom surface. The top surface has a plurality of dihedral projections which mate with a plurality of dihedral recessions on the bottom surface. The bottom surface has at least one more recession than does the top surface so that a channel is formed between two stacked bricks. Grooves are preferably placed in the end walls which form vertical channels which communicate with the hozizontal passages. A wall made of such bricks is also disclosed. The blocks can be either solid or hollow, and special blocks can be used for the corners and for the ends of the wall.Type: GrantFiled: February 15, 1989Date of Patent: September 18, 1990Inventor: Gino P. N. Caroti
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Patent number: 4947610Abstract: A method and apparatus for building a brick wall having tensile strength comprising brick with two spaced apart recesses opening to the top and the bottom surfaces of each brick with one recess centered in the left half of each brick and the other centered in the right half of each brick. The bricks in the row above are offset from the bricks in the row below so the recesses in the left of the brick of the row above, line up with the recesses in the right half of the brick of the row below. The pattern continues with each succeeding row so the finished wall has rows of staggered bricks, with recesses lining up from the top of the wall to the bottom. Coupling fasteners are inserted in the recesses of each brick as each row of bricks is laid, and spacers are placed between each row of bricks to hold the brick apart for filling the spaces in with mortar after the entire wall has been assembled.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1989Date of Patent: August 14, 1990Inventor: Robert Koerner
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Patent number: 4920723Abstract: A box beam comprises at least two elongated component blocks of granite, each containing at least one flat surface, the flat surfaces having identical dimensions. Igneous rock material is removed from the flat surface of at least one of the component blocks so as to form at least one open cavity in that component block. The interior cavity has boundary walls of a predetermined, though not necessarily uniform, thickness. The two component blocks are then bonded together along the remaining unremoved portions of the flat surfaces so as to form a box beam.The system described above for manufacturing hollow granite box beams reduces weight while maintaining stiffness comparable to that of the composite ceramic or metal beams along with the inherent stability of granite, e.g., low coefficient of thermal expansion, in a highly efficient manufacturing process.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1989Date of Patent: May 1, 1990Assignee: The L.S. Starrett CompanyInventor: Douglas R. Porter
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Patent number: 4920712Abstract: A specially constructed block for use in forming a mortarless retaining wall is disclosed, as is a retaining wall constructed therefrom and a method of constructing a retaining wall. Each block has a front face of a predetermined width and a rear wall having a substantially equal width. The block side walls provide a maximum block width at the front face and a minimum block width adjacent the rear wall. When such blocks are placed in a side-by-side relationship, a substantially closed cavity is formed between the blocks for receiving backfill material and thereby reinforcing the wall. A wall constructed from a plurality of such blocks utilizes an engagement clip disposed between blocks in upper and lower courses for preventing relative forward movement between the blocks. The clip is engageable with the upper surface of the rear web of the block for easy installation after the block is laid in a course.Type: GrantFiled: January 31, 1989Date of Patent: May 1, 1990Assignee: Stonewall Landscape Systems, Inc.Inventor: Robert W. Dean, Jr.
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Patent number: 4887403Abstract: The internally indexed building block of the invention includes a body having opposed side walls and opposed end walls which define an internal cavity therebetween and upper and lower block faces. A web is located within the block internal cavity and divides the internal cavity into a pair of vertical cells. The web terminates at one extent in a pair of vertically extending keys which extend above the block upper face and which span a dish region. The dish region is located within the block internal cavity and is depressed below the block upper face. The dish region forms a mortar cup for receiving mortar whereby an internal bond can be formed between vertical courses of the blocks.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1988Date of Patent: December 19, 1989Inventor: David W. Bonner
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Patent number: 4831802Abstract: A lightweight, insulated facing brick is provided with a first outer layer formed from conventional bricking clay and a second insulative layer formed from a combination of clay and expanded vermiculite, which greatly increases the insulative qualities of the brick and also reduces its weight.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1985Date of Patent: May 23, 1989Assignee: Leonard BloomInventors: John Cromrich, Lynn B. Cromrich
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Patent number: 4811536Abstract: A building, the outer walls of which are formed of prefabricated panels of cementitious material having hollow sections extending substantially continuously throughout the height of the panels in closely spaced apart relation, and a footing adapted to enable the panels to be mounted thereon with means for securing the panels onto the footing, and to each other, to provide a strong, sturdy and inexpensive assembly of outer building walls.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 1982Date of Patent: March 14, 1989Inventor: William G. Hardt
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Patent number: 4787189Abstract: A building construction comprised of blocks of substantially rectangular prismatic configuration. The first pair of opposite edges of the blocks are each formed with a first tongue and a first groove of complementary configuration extending in parallel relationship along each edge wherein the first tongue of one edge is opposite the first groove of the other edge. Each of said first pair of edges is formed with a land portion extending between the sides of said edge and the adjacent first tongue or groove. The height of said first tongue above said land portion is greater than the depth of the first groove below said land portion such that on a pair of blocks abutting whereby the first tongue of one edge is snugly received within the first groove of the other edge of another block, the opposing land portions of the blocks are spaced from each other to receive an adhesive for fixing the blocks to each other.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 1985Date of Patent: November 29, 1988Assignee: Baldina Pty. Ltd.Inventors: Erik M. Haug, Erling G. Haug
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Patent number: 4781492Abstract: A block for a revetment is disclosed. It comprises a square-shaped block member having a slant under-surface, leg members having the same height and provided at four corner portions of the slant under-surface of the block member, a through hole formed at a central portion of an upper-surface of the block member all the way down to the under-surface thereof, a concave groove having a generally half dimension as that of the through hole and formed on both left and right side portions of the block member, a recess formed on both front and rear surface portions at locations spaced apart by 1/4 of the length of the block member from the left and right sides respectively and an iron reinforcing bar buried in the block member and projecting within the recess.Type: GrantFiled: April 10, 1987Date of Patent: November 1, 1988Assignee: Kyowa Concrete Kogyo Co. Ltd.Inventor: Kunio Shindo
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Patent number: 4748782Abstract: Means and methods for constructing drystacked self-aligning self-leveling walls and like structures. A novel construction block has interior, tapered wall cells bounded by transverse webs having an extended V-shaped draft defined therein. The tapering of the walls provides precisely maintained interior geometry. Insertable cores of precise dimension and having V-shaped ear members adapted to fit intimately within such V-shaped draft or groove and to cooperatively coact with like cores in adjacent blocks in a running course to establish a fixed spatial relationship between the top surface of the core and the bottom surface of the block to permit erection of a self-aligned and self-leveling standing wall from drystacked block. The intimate contact of the insertable cores permit the formation of open-gapped interlocks between blocks and running courses, which open-gapped interlocks are converted to closed-gapped interlocks when a wall erected of such running courses is coated with a surface bonding cement.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 1987Date of Patent: June 7, 1988Inventors: Stanley D. Johnson, Weldon R. Johnson
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Patent number: 4748776Abstract: A protection layer upon a building roof is constructed with hollow ceramic blocks which after laying constitute a water pool with desirable depth and an air space thereupon to provide insulation against temperature and weather abuse when the roof is otherwise exposed directly under rain or shine. A typical block has generally rectangular hollow cross section to facilitate free channelling of water and air. Openings are provided on top of each block for the intake of water from overhead, and drain openings are optionally provided in the bottom of selected blocks to communicate with the down-pour drainage of the roof. The height of the overflow pipe is adjustable to set a desirable level of water reserved in the pool.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 1987Date of Patent: June 7, 1988Inventor: Shu-Shyan Yu
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Patent number: 4742660Abstract: A highly sound insulating clay tile for the construction of floors has an outer substantially parallelepiped shape with symmetrical, laterally projecting portions for the support of each tile by reinforced concrete floor beams. Each tile comprises a peripheral wall having a substantially uniform thickness. Extending from this peripheral wall toward the inside of the tile are a plurality of very short vertical and horizontal partitions. The plurality of horizontal and vertical partitions are combined with other horizontal and obliquely inclined partitions for defining two main longitudinal cavities having a polygonal or circular cross section. The main cavities are symmetrically positioned with respect to a vertical center plane, and the cross-sectional area of the main cavities comprises a major portion of the cross-sectional area of each tile.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 1986Date of Patent: May 10, 1988Inventor: Giuseppe Vadala'
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Patent number: 4688364Abstract: A construction system for wall formation comprising a plurality of block forming units, said units being arranged in vertical, side-by-side rows, with endwise abutment between adjacent rows of said units, positively interengaging components provided on the confronting ends of the units, adhesion between the units of one row and those of each adjacent row being effected by cementitious material, and wall expanding and contracting units provided within said wall formation; each of said last-mentioned units incorporating first and second cooperative members adapted for mutual relative horizontal movement responsive to atmospheric conditions.Type: GrantFiled: November 14, 1986Date of Patent: August 25, 1987Inventor: Raymond Fiehler
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Patent number: 4656800Abstract: A cistern made of layers of arcuate blocks provided with openings in which reinforcing rings and rods are deposited, the openings being arranged such that mortar can be spread throughout the structure to form a monolithic construction. Wedge-shaped openings are formed in the blocks in radial disposition and removable wedges are placed therein to form permanent openings in the construction, the wedges being removed after the mortar has set. Metal circular rings are also placed on each leg or block and each of the rings are coupled together by vertical depending rods before the cement is forced through the hollow openings of the layers of arcuate blocks.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 1986Date of Patent: April 14, 1987Inventor: Thomas B. Christenson
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Patent number: 4597238Abstract: The brick consists of one or more sub-blocks. Each sub-block is divided into air chambers of contained width but extensive in length. The walls which divide each sub-block into chambers are shaped as alternatively concave and convex arcs of a circle. The chambers are connected by first septa of minimum length. The sub-blocks are connected by second septa also of minimum length and spaced apart from the periphery of the brick and placed so as not to align with the ends of the arc walls.Thermal bridges between the inside and outside of a wall are thus almost completely eliminated, with a brick light in weight, very strong and low in cost.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 1984Date of Patent: July 1, 1986Inventor: Giuseppe Vadala'
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Patent number: 4597236Abstract: A hollow building wall including two wall components comprised of vertical arrays of stacked, integrally formed, hollow building blocks, which arrays are connected by vertically oriented, rigid separator splines that extend continuously from top to bottom of the wall at frequent horizontal intervals along the wall, to securely engage and support the two vertical arrays of building blocks. Each edge of an individual spline is secured in one of a plurality of vertical grooves on the inner surfaces of each wall component. Each building block is attached positively at each end to one or more horizontally adjacent building blocks. The positive attachment of horizontally adjacent building blocks and the separator splines forms in effect a structural "tube" that extends from top to bottom of the wall and is connected positively with other similar "tubes" disposed along the length of the wall.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1984Date of Patent: July 1, 1986Inventor: James S. Braxton
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Patent number: 4527373Abstract: ICMUs (insulated concrete masonry units) having an inner load-bearing portion and one or two outer insulating portions are disclosed. Disregarding the insulation cores, heat flows from the outer side wall or walls to the inner portion through outer end walls and, in some embodiments, webs. These outer side walls and webs are heat bridges and are thinner and of significantly lower density than the other walls of the ICMU, thereby providing improved thermal insulation.Also disclosed are ICMUs with a vertical or horizontal recess in one outer insulating portion. Electrical conduit and/or plumbing can be placed into these recesses. In addition, corner ICMUs are disclosed which provide increased structural strength when used to construct a 90.degree. corner between two structural walls because of a special mid-wall in the corner ICMU.Type: GrantFiled: July 7, 1982Date of Patent: July 9, 1985Inventor: Thomas E. Cruise
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Patent number: 4523415Abstract: A building panel preferably formed of cast, one-piece construction and made of a substantially lightweight cementitious material such as gypsum wherein a front and a rear external face are disposed on opposite sides and integrally connected to an apertured interior portion defined by a plurality of adjacently positioned apertures of predetermined configuration such as a hexagon or the like. A peripheral border surrounds the exterior of the panel and includes a specifically configured recess extending along a portion of the length thereof such that correspondingly positioned peripheral borders of adjacently positioned and interconnected panels form channels through which utility lines may be extended. Connector elements are specifically placed to interengage adjacently positioned panels for interconnection to one another.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 1984Date of Patent: June 18, 1985Inventor: Milton Rosen
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Patent number: 4510725Abstract: A rectangular building block is formed from a composition of wood fiber and a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. The block comprises an outer shell and a web defining a plurality of hexagonal cross-sectional openings forming a honeycomb cell within the shell. The blocks may be interlocked and arranged to form a structure.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 1981Date of Patent: April 16, 1985Inventor: Mark E. Wilson
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Patent number: 4498268Abstract: An improved structure adapted for undersea construction is described comprising a plurality of foundation blocks, each foundation block comprising a rectahedral parallelepiped opposite faces of which are concave and convex, respectively, the opposite faces being sized and shaped to interengage matingly, such foundation blocks being interfitted into a three-dimensional array; a plurality of base pad units supporting said foundation blocks, each base pad unit comprising a rectahedral parallelepiped one face of which is convex, the opposite face of which has a plurality of protruding lugs, and the intermediate faces of which have T-shaped slots extending the length of each side, such base pad units being interfitted into a two-dimensional array by means of I-shaped keys which fit into adjacent T-shaped slots; a plurality of leg blocks supporting said base pad units, each of said leg blocks comprising a rectangular parallelepiped one face of which is convex, the opposite face of which is concave, the opposite facType: GrantFiled: February 18, 1981Date of Patent: February 12, 1985Inventor: Calvin R. Inman
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Patent number: 4485604Abstract: Modular building elements which form when assembled a network of conglomerate or reinforced concrete as a bearing structure which is also anti-seismic.The modular elements are to be used for constructing flat or flat and/or vaulted brickwork, with or without air spaces. Each type of element is completed by a polyvalent modular element to be used as a single accessory for any corner, meeting point, cross wall attachment, etc. All the modular elements are equipped with groove devices suited to their particular characteristics to ensure that the assembled structure seals in conglomerate in each point, uninterrupted throughout the entire brickwork. The conglomerate network formed by the combination of all the molding characteristic of the modules is made up of vertical and horizontal seams designed to replace the pillars and beams of a reinforced concrete framework. This is anchored to the modular elements, at the same time attaching them to one another.Type: GrantFiled: August 26, 1982Date of Patent: December 4, 1984Inventors: Rocco Palamara, Giovanni Palamara, Bruno Palamara
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Patent number: 4463872Abstract: To enable the benefits to be obtained simultaneously of using cast iron as a major constituent and of using helical prestressing, the cylindrical wall structure of a pressure vessel (which may be for a nuclear reactor) is made of truncated wedge shaped cast-iron slabs (the wedge faces of the slabs lying in radial planes of the wall structure and mutually adjacent slabs abutting one another in those planes, with a plurality of such slabs forming an annular assembly and a plurality of such assemblies stacked coaxially to form the cylindrical wall structure), the slabs having cast-in through passages, disposed obiquely, both right and left-handed in alternate layers at progressively increasing radial distance with respect to the cylindrical wall structrue, and the passages of one slab in alignment with the ends of passages of adjacent slabs in the same annular assembly and in the annular assemblies stacked adjacent thereto to provide in the assembled cylindrical wall structure a system of right- and left-handedType: GrantFiled: February 10, 1982Date of Patent: August 7, 1984Assignee: National Nuclear Corporation LimitedInventor: John M. Yellowlees
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Patent number: 4458458Abstract: A lined tank comprises a plurality of lining plates attached to the inside surface of the tank, concrete shutterings disposed inside of the lining plates and embedded in concrete, shaped steel members embedded in the concrete to which the shutterings are attached, backing plates attached to the embedded shaped steel members at the attached portions of the lining plates, leakage detecting channels which are defined by the above elements, and means connected to said leakage detecting channels and adapted to detect the leakage of the lined tank.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 1981Date of Patent: July 10, 1984Assignee: Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Shoichi Orii
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Patent number: 4424194Abstract: The method for extraction of precious metals from leachable ores and forming a building materials which includes the steps of crushing a quantity of leachable ore into a powder of substantially uniform particle size, mixing with a quantity of a binding material and mixing with a leaching material. The materials are then formed into a masonry building construction article having at least one passage therein. A plurality of the masonry building construction articles are stacked with at least some of the passages disposed therein in generally parallel flow paths and a solvent is passed through the passages of the masonry building construction articles.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 1982Date of Patent: January 3, 1984Inventor: Robert M. Hughes
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Patent number: 4398378Abstract: A system is described for erecting an apartment house or dwelling house from prefabricated components of concrete or other self-hardening materials, the components comprising wall panels, floor panels and reinforcing rods which are grouted together with the reinforcing rods to form joints which result in a finished building structure. The components used in the system and a method for erection of the structure are also described.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1980Date of Patent: August 16, 1983Assignee: Auto-Cast International, Ltd.Inventor: Charles J. Heitzman